Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with synchronous working memory training improves cognitive impairment after stroke
No full text我国脑卒中后认知功能障碍(post-stroke cognitive impairment, PSCI)总体患病率为 80.97%，PSCI 可引起持续性认知功能下降，导致较高的复发率、死亡率，但急性期 PSCI 常被医疗团队、患者、家属忽视，诊断和治疗尚无金标准。本研究以 PSCI 为研究对象，重点考察急性脑卒中后，认知功能损害对患者的情绪问题、日常生活能力的影响，并进一步采取多种干预方案对 PSCI 进行治疗，以期达到改善认知功能，并迁移到情绪、日常生活能力的目标。
基于此，研究分为两部分：研究一纳入 325 名早期脑卒中患者，调查患者的一般资料，评定其认知功能（整体认知功能、工作记忆容量、工作记忆能力）、情绪问题（焦虑、抑郁）、日常生活活动能力，分析各因素之间的相关性，并考察认知功能在脑卒中严重程度和情绪问题，以及脑卒中严重程度和日常生活活动能力之间的作用。结果显示，脑卒中严重程度与认知功能损害和情绪问题呈正相关，与日常生活活动能力呈负相关。进一步分析发现，认知功能在脑卒中严重程度和情绪问题，以及脑卒中严重程度和日常生活活动能力之间发挥显著的中介作用。进而，我们以认知功能改善为重点治疗目标，寻找最有效的物理干预手段。
研究二对比工作记忆训练(working memory training, WMT)、以左背外侧前额叶为靶点的重复经颅磁刺激治疗(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS)、WMT+rTMS 的同步训练与空白对照组的治疗效果。采用随机分组前后 测设计，招募 120 名 PSCI 患者随机分为 4 组，进行 20 天训练。在前后测阶段分别考察了患者的认知功能、情绪状态和日常生活能力。结果显示，认知功能方面，治疗前，4 组患者成绩无差异；治疗后，同步组的成绩显著高于其他三组，具体 评定指标包括蒙特利尔认知功能评定(Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA)，Rivermead 行为记忆评定(Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, RBMT)，N-back 工作记忆任务以及 Stroop 任务；情绪状态方面，同步组、rTMS 组、WM 组在治疗前后均有改善，同步组的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale, HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD)成绩改善情况显著大于 WM 组和对照组；日常生活能力方面，四组患者在治疗前后均有改善，同步组的改良Barthel 指数评定量表成绩(modified Barthel index, MBI)、简化的 Fugl-Meyer 运动量表(Simple Fugl-Meyer Assessment, FMA)成绩显著高于其他三组。
综上所述，PSCI 早期患者的认知功能、情绪状态、日常生活活动能力均受影响，认知功能在脑卒中严重程度与情绪、日常生活活动能力中起中介作用。同步进行 rTMS 治疗和 WM 训练可有效改善 PSCI 患者的认知功能，缓解焦虑抑郁情绪，改善日常生活活动能力，且同步治疗效果优于单一方式的治疗，本研究为该技术的推广使用提供依据
Spectro-temporal acoustical markers differentiate speech from song across cultures
No full textHumans produce two forms of cognitively complex vocalizations: speech and song. It is debated whether these differ based primarily on culturally specific, learned features, or if acoustical features can reliably distinguish them. We study the spectro-temporal modulation patterns of vocalizations produced by 369 people living in 21 urban, rural, and small-scale societies across six continents. Specific ranges of spectral and temporal modulations, overlapping within categories and across societies, significantly differentiate speech from song. Machine-learning classification shows that this effect is cross-culturally robust, vocalizations being reliably classified solely from their spectro-temporal features across all 21 societies. Listeners unfamiliar with the cultures classify these vocalizations using similar spectro-temporal cues as the machine learning algorithm. Finally, spectro-temporal features are better able to discriminate song from speech than a broad range of other acoustical variables, suggesting that spectro-temporal modulation-a key feature of auditory neuronal tuning-accounts for a fundamental difference between these categories.
What features distinguish speech from song? Here, the authors show that consistent acoustical spectro-temporal features are sufficient to distinguish speech and song across different societies throughout the world
Health literacy and associated factors in China: findings from the Wa ethnic group
No full textBackground: The health literacy of ethnic groups in remote areas of China is far from satisfactory. However, the health literacy of ethnic groups in China remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the health literacy of the "advancing directly" ethnic group and its influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a staged sampling method among the Wa ethnic group, who have rapidly transitioned directly from the traditional lifestyle of slash-and-burn cultivation to modern societies. We used the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) to assess health literacy. We defined low health literacy as less than 60% of the total score and adequate health literacy as more than 80% of the total score. Results: A total of 668 individuals met the inclusion criteria and the mean age was 42.19 (SD 10.56) years. The mean HLQ total score was 29.9 (SD 10.56). The prevalence of adequate health literacy was 0.89%. There were significant differences between the low and the non-low health literacy groups in terms of gender, age, education, marital status, occupation, residing place, current smoking status, and waist circumference (all p 418, p < 0.001), older age (B = -0.0091, t = -2.644, p = 0.008), low educational level (B = 0.766, t = 6.018, p < 0.001), current smoking (B = -2.66, t = -3.038, p = 0.008), and residence far from township (B = -5.761, t = -4.1, p < 0.001) were associated with low HLQ total score. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the health literacy of the Wa ethnic group is far from favorable. It indicates the need for increased efforts in improving the health literacy of "advancing directly" ethnic groups
The altered resting-state functional connectivity of thalamic subregions in patients with globus pharyngeus
No full textGlobus Pharyngeus (GP) is a somatic symptom that accompanies mood distress. Although the etiology of GP remains unclear, its specific symptom of a false lump sensation in the throat without physical obstruction raises the possibility of alterations in brain networks responsible for somatosensory and emotion processing in patients with GP. To address this possibility, we investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in 31 patients with GP and 24 healthy individuals using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Considering its significance in somatosensory and emotional functions, we focused on rsFC in the subregions of the thalamus. We found significantly decreased rsFC between the right caudal temporal thalamus (rcTtha) and the midcingulate cortex (MCC) as well as significantly decreased rsFC between the right rostral temporal thalamus (rrTtha) and the left cerebellum in the patients with GP. Additionally, within the patient group, the abnormalities in rsFC between the rcTtha and the MCC were correlated with the severity of somatization symptoms but not with depression and anxiety. These findings suggest alterations in the rsFC of thalamic subregions in patients with GP, shedding light on the pathogenesis of GP and potentially leading to improved diagnosis and treatment approaches for the condition
The power of many brains: Catalyzing neuropsychiatric discovery through open neuroimaging data and large-scale collaboration
No full textRecent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric disorders. By pooling images from various cohorts, statistical power has increased, enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations, and fostering new research methods. Global collaborations in imaging have furthered our knowledge of the neurobiological foundations of brain disorders and aided in imaging -based prediction for more targeted treatment. Large-scale magnetic resonance imaging initiatives are driving innovation in analytics and supporting generalizable psychiatric studies. We also emphasize the significant role of big data in understanding neural mechanisms and in the early identification and precise treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, challenges such as data harmonization across different sites, privacy protection, and effective data sharing must be addressed. With proper governance and open science practices, we conclude with a projection of how large-scale imaging resources and collaborations could revolutionize diagnosis, treatment selection, and outcome prediction, contributing to optimal brain health. (c) 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Shared and unique alterations of large-scale network connectivity in drug-free adolescent-onset and adult-onset major depressive disorder
No full textDifferences in clinical manifestations and biological underpinnings between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) onset during adolescence and adulthood have been posited in previous studies, implying an influential role of age of onset (AOO) in the clinical subtyping and therapeutic approaches to MDD. However, direct comparisons between the two cohorts and their age-matched controls have been lacking in extant investigations. In this investigation, 156 volunteers participated, comprising 46 adolescents with MDD (adolescent-onset group), 35 adults with MDD (adult-onset group), 19 healthy adolescents, and 56 healthy adults. Resting-state functional MRI scans were undergone by all participants. Large-scale network analyses were applied. Subsequently, a 2 x 2 ANOVA was employed to analyze the main effects of diagnosis, age, and their interaction effect on functional connectivity (FC). Furthermore, regression analysis was employed to scrutinize the association between anomalous FC and HAMD sub-scores. Increased FC in visual network (VN), limbic network (LN), VN-dorsal attention network (DAN), VN-LN, and LN-Default Mode (DMN) was found in both adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD; however, the increased FC in DAN and LN were only found in adult-onset MDD and the decreased FC in DAN was only found in adolescent-onset MDD. Additionally, the relationship between HAMD factor 1 anxiety somatization and altered FC of DAN, VN, and VN-DAN was moderated by AOO. In conclusion, shared and distinctive large-scale network alterations in adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD patients were suggested by our findings, providing valuable contributions towards refining clinical subtyping and treatment approaches for MDD
Decreasing Workplace Unethical Behavior Through Mindfulness: A Study Based on the Dual-System Theory of Ethical Decision-Making
No full textWorkplace unethical behavior poses a significant challenge for organizations, thus highlighting the importance of examining the intervention strategies used to manage such behaviors. In recent years, mindfulness has gained traction as a promising way of curbing workplace unethical behavior, receiving interest from business ethics scholars. Regrettably, prior research on mindfulness and workplace unethical behavior has predominantly focused on the potential benefits of mindfulness with regard to the reasoning process underlying ethical decision-making, overlooking the intuitive process. Drawing on the dual-system theory of ethical decision-making, this study develops a dual-process model to examine the role of mindfulness in reducing unethical behavior. Based on two-wave data collected from 357 employees, our findings demonstrate that mindfulness mitigates both moral disengagement and emotional exhaustion, resulting in a reduction in workplace unethical behavior. Moreover, moral identity serves as a boundary condition for the effects of mindfulness on ethical decision-making. In particular, mindfulness significantly decreases moral disengagement and consequently curtails workplace unethical behavior predominantly among individuals with low moral identity. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings as well as potential avenues for future research are discussed
Late Positivity Correlates with Subjective Reports: Evidence from the Low-frequency and High-frequency Reporting Tasks
No full textIdentifying the neural correlates of consciousness (NCCs) is an important way to understand the fundamental nature of consciousness. By recording event-related potentials (ERPs) using EEG, researchers have found three potential electrophysiological NCCs: early positive correlate of consciousness (enhanced P1), visual awareness negativity (VAN), and late positivity (LP). However, LP may reflect post-perceptual processing associated with subjective reports rather than consciousness per se . The present experiment investigated the relationship between LP and subjective reports. We adopted two subjective reporting tasks that differed in the requirement for subjective reports. In the low-frequency reporting task, participants needed to report whether they saw the target picture in 25% of trials, whereas in the high-frequency reporting task, participants needed to report whether they saw the target picture in each trial. Behavioral results showed that the hit rates were lower and false alarm rates were higher on reporting trials in low-frequency reporting tasks than on reporting trials in high-frequency reporting tasks. Unexpectedly, VAN was larger on reporting trials in the low-frequency reporting task than on reporting trials in the high-frequency reporting task. Importantly, our ERP results showed that LP was larger on reporting trials in the high-frequency reporting task than on reporting trials in the low-frequency reporting task. Thus, our findings indicated that when the frequency of reports was increased, the task relevance of the stimuli increased, which led to larger LP amplitudes. These findings suggest that LP correlates with subjective reports. (c) 2024 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Sex differences in correlates of suicide attempts in Chinese Han first-episode and drug-na?ve major depressive disorder with comorbid subclinical hypothyroidism: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate sex differences in risk factors for suicide attempts in first-episode and drug naive (FEDN) major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).MethodsA total of 1034 FEDN MDD patients with comorbid SCH were enrolled. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale were used to assess patients' symptoms. Thyroid hormone levels and metabolic parameters were measured.ResultsMDD patients with SCH had a significantly higher risk of suicide attempts than those without SCH (25.4% vs. 12.2%). Logistic regression showed that HAMA score, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts in both male and female MDD patients comorbid SCH, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts only in male patients, HAMD score and systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts only in female patients.ConclusionSCH comorbidities may increase suicide attempts in MDD patients. Our results showed significant sex differences in clinical and metabolic factors associated with suicide attempts among FEDN MDD patients with comorbid SCH, highlighting appropriate sex-based preventive interventions are needed.
SCH comorbidities may increase suicide attempts in MDD patients. Our results showed significant sex differences in clinical and metabolic factors associated with suicide attempts among FEDN MDD patients with comorbid SCH. imag
Loneliness Trajectories Predict Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults
No full textObjectives Loneliness is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but related evidence is mixed. Examining trajectories of loneliness over time, as compared to the assessment of loneliness at a single time point, can be useful to better understand the risks for CVD. The present study aimed to examine loneliness trajectories and their impacts on CVD in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.Methods The sample included 9,235 adults aged 45 years and older from 4 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey from 2011 to 2018. Loneliness was assessed by a single-item question with a 4-point scale. CVD events were measured by self-reports of heart diseases and strokes in 2018.Results Group-based trajectory modeling showed that 3 loneliness trajectories emerged: stable low, moderate increasing, and high increasing loneliness. Binary logistic regression showed that loneliness trajectories were significantly associated with the risk of having CVD after controlling for all covariates. Specifically, compared to the group with stable low loneliness, people with moderate increasing loneliness had a higher risk of having stroke, and people with high increasing loneliness had higher risks of having both heart diseases and stroke. In contrast, loneliness at a single time point was not independently associated with the risk of having CVD.Discussion The present study identified groups of people vulnerable to CVD from the perspective of social connections in terms of loneliness trajectories. Middle-aged and older adults showing increasing loneliness may need social and emotional support to protect their cardiovascular health
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