Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Understanding the relationships among adolescents' internet dependence, reward, cognitive control processing, and learning burnout: a network perspective in China
No full textAlterations in the reward and cognitive control systems are commonly observed among adolescents with internet dependence (ID), and this impairment is often accompanied by social dysfunctions, such as academic burnout. However, the intercorrelations among ID, reward, cognitive control processing, and learning burnout remain unclear. We recruited 1074 Chinese adolescents to investigate the complex interrelationships among these variables using network analysis. The resulting network revealed patterns that connected ID to the behavioral inhibition/activation system (BIS/BAS), self-control, and learning burnout; these results exhibited reasonable stability and test-retest consistency. Throughout the network, the node of BAS-drive was the critical influencing factor, and the node of self-control was the protection factor. In addition, several symptoms of learning burnout and ID were positively associated with sensitivity to punishment. As revealed by the network comparison test, the network constructed among internet dependent (ID) group differed from the network constructed among internet nondependent (IND) group not only in the edges between BIS and learning burnout but also in terms of the edges associated with learning burnout. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the complex mechanisms underlying ID among adolescents from the perspective of the network relationships between core influencing factors and negative consequences. It validates the dual-system model of risky behavior among adolescents and offers a foundation for early warning and interventions for ID in this context
The mutual influences between working memory and empathy for pain: the role of social distance
No full textUnderstanding the mechanisms behind the interaction of empathy for pain (EfP) and working memory (WM), particularly how they are influenced by social factors like perceived social distance (SD), is vital for comprehending how humans dynamically adapt to the complexities of social life. However, there is very little known about these mechanisms. Accordingly, we recruited 116 healthy participants to investigate the bidirectional influence and electrophysiological responses between WM and EfP, including the role of SD. Our research results revealed that the interaction between WM load and SD significantly influenced the processing of EfP. Specifically, high WM load and distant SD facilitated early processing of EfP. Conversely, low WM load and close SD promoted late processing of EfP. Furthermore, the interaction between EfP and SD significantly influenced the performance of ongoing WM tasks. Specifically, the kin's pain, compared to kin's nonpain, improved the participant's performance on low-load WM tasks; however, it diminished the participant's performance on tasks with high WM load. Overall, these results provide evidence at both behavioral and neural levels for the mutual influence of WM and EfP during the same temporal process, and SD emerged as a crucial moderating factor during these mutual influences
Neural tuning for Chinese characters in adult Chinese L2 learners: evidence from an ERP study
No full textNeural tuning for visual words is essential for fluent reading across various scripts. This study investigated the emergence and development of N170 tuning for Chinese characters and its cognitive-linguistic correlates. Electroencephalogram data from 48 adult L2 learners and 23 native Chinese readers were collected using a color detection task. The N170 for real characters, pseudo-characters, false characters, stroke combinations and line drawings were recorded. We found beginner adult L2 learners showed larger N170 Chinese characters compared to stroke combinations (coarse neural tuning). The intermediate-level L2 Chinese learners demonstrated fine-tuning for Chinese orthographic regularities. Importantly, a clear shift from bilateral to left-lateralized coarse and fine-tuning for print was observed from beginner to intermediate L2 learners as their Chinese reading experience increased. Moreover, individual differences in neural print tuning moderately correlated with word-reading fluency, Chinese vocabulary knowledge and morphological awareness
Exploring the impact of smartphone addiction on mental health among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of resilience and parental attachment
No full textSmartphone addiction is an increasingly severe issue in modern society, particularly impacting the mental health of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the relationship between smartphone addiction and mental health issues among college students, and the mediating and moderating roles of psychological resilience and parental attachment. We employed a cross-sectional study design with 100,097 college Chinese students to examine the relationships between smartphone addiction, mental health (anxiety and depression), and the mediating role of psychological resilience. Parental attachment was assessed as a moderator within these relationships. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and mediation/moderation models, controlling for relevant covariates. Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both anxiety and depression. Psychological resilience mediated these relationships, suggesting that higher resilience levels can mitigate the negative psychological impacts of smartphone addiction. Additionally, parental attachment moderated the effects of smartphone addiction on psychological outcomes; stronger attachment was associated with less pronounced effects of addiction on anxiety and depression. Specifically, for students with low parental attachment, the predictive effect of smartphone addiction on anxiety and depression was more pronounced, whereas higher attachment levels were protective
The Effects of Simultaneous Aerobic Exercise and Video Game Training on Executive Functions and Brain Connectivity in Older Adults
No full textObjective: The study was designed to examine the effects of simultaneous combination of aerobic exercise and video game training on executive functions (EFs) and brain functional connectivity in older adults. Design: A four-armed, quasi-experimental study. Setting and participants: Community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older. Methods: A total of 97 older adults were divided into one of four groups: aerobic exercise (AE), video game (VG), combined intervention (CI), and passive control (PC). Participants in intervention groups received 32 sessions of training over a 4-month period at a frequency of twice a week. EFs was evaluated using a composite score derived from a battery of neuropsychological tests. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was employed to evaluate overall cognitive function, while the 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT) was utilized to gauge physical function. Additionally, the functional connectivity (FC) of the frontal-parietal networks (FPN) was examined as a neural indicator of cognitive processing and connectivity changes. Results: In terms of EFs, both VG and CI groups demonstrated improvement following the intervention. This improvement was particularly pronounced in the CI group, with a large effect size (Hedge's g = 0.83), while the VG group showed a medium effect size (Hedge's g = 0.56). A significant increase in MoCA scores was also observed in both the VG and CI groups, whereas a significant increase in 6MWT scores was observed in the AE and CI groups. Although there were no group-level changes observed in FC of the FPN, we found that changes in FC was behaviorally relevant as increased FC was associated with greater improvement in EFs. Conclusion: The study offers preliminary evidence that both video game training and combined intervention could enhance EFs in older adults. Simultaneous combined intervention may hold greater potential for facilitating EFs gains. The initial evidence for correlated changes in brain connectivity and EFs provides new insights into understanding the neural basis underlying the training gains. (Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:1244-1258) - 1258
The role of semantic information in Chinese word segmentation
No full textWord segmentation is crucial for reading in Chinese, where the absence of explicit word boundaries poses a distinct challenge. Previous studies in Chinese have examined how lexical and sub-lexical variables affect word segmentation. The present study investigated whether higher-level semantic information affects word segmentation using a primed word segmentation task with Overlapping Ambiguous Strings (OAS). An OAS is a three-character string in Chinese (e.g. ABC [in Latin letters]) where the middle character can constitute a word with both the left (word AB) and right (word BC) characters. The OAS was preceded by a semantic or repetition prime (presented for 42, 83, or 200 ms, across participants), priming either AB or BC. The semantic priming effect occurred at the 200-ms Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA), whereas the repetition priming effect occurred at both 83 and 200-ms SOAs. These findings demonstrate that semantic information can affect word segmentation in Chinese within 200 ms
Just transition as practitioners' acceptance of technical solutions to decarbonize: Insights from the glass manufacturing industry
No full textThe concept of a just transition in energy-intensive industries is gaining growing attention in both academic and practical realms. Stakeholders' perspectives, particularly those of frontline workers in relevant fields, are crucial for understanding the nuances of a just transition. However, research in this domain, especially concerning the glass manufacturing industry, remains yet sparse. The current study fills this gap by developing an integrated framework that assesses the attitude of practitioners towards a low-carbon transition, as evidenced by their stance on implementing sustainable energy technologies (SET) in glass production. It also explores disparities among different groups to detect potential injustice issues, and examines the factors that drive their support for SET. Utilizing survey data from 270 frontline practitioners within glass manufacturing corporations in China, we have obtained a preliminary understanding of their opinions toward SET, and uncovered variances indicative of justice-related concerns. We delved deeper into the determinants of SET support using a three-dimensional model and hierarchical regression analysis. Our findings indicate that social-psychological attributes, perceived intrinsic qualities of SET, and perceived extrinsic contextual elements are all significant motivators for the acceptance of SET. In light of these insights, we propose recommendations for policymaking and environmental communication that incorporate considerations of justice
Transcriptomic decoding of regional cortical vulnerability to major depressive disorder
No full textPrevious studies in small samples have identified inconsistent cortical abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite genetic influences on MDD and the brain, it is unclear how genetic risk for MDD is translated into spatially patterned cortical vulnerability. Here, we initially examined voxel-wise differences in cortical function and structure using the largest multi-modal MRI data from 1660 MDD patients and 1341 controls. Combined with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we then adopted transcription-neuroimaging spatial correlation and the newly developed ensemble-based gene category enrichment analysis to identify gene categories with expression related to cortical changes in MDD. Results showed that patients had relatively circumscribed impairments in local functional properties and broadly distributed disruptions in global functional connectivity, consistently characterized by hyper-function in associative areas and hypo-function in primary regions. Moreover, the local functional alterations were correlated with genes enriched for biological functions related to MDD in general (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitogen-activated protein kinase, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation); and the global functional connectivity changes were associated with not only MDD-general, but also brain-relevant genes (e.g., neuron, synapse, axon, glial cell, and neurotransmitters). Our findings may provide important insights into the transcriptomic signatures of regional cortical vulnerability to MDD.
Our combined large-scale neuroimaging and brain transcriptome study demonstrates genetic substrates underlying cortical functional abnormalities in depression, suggesting transcriptomic decoding of regional cortical vulnerability to depression
A comparison of statistical learning of naturalistic textures between DCNNs and the human visual hierarchy
No full textThe visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. Existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural selectivity to naturalistic textures above the primary visual processing stage. This study delves into the mechanisms of perceptual learning in CNNs, focusing on how they assimilate the high-order statistics of natural textures. Our results show that a CNN model achieves a similar performance improvement as humans, as manifested in the learning pattern across different types of high-order image statistics. While L2 was the first stage exhibiting texture selectivity, we found that stages beyond L2 were critically involved in learning. The significant contribution of L4 to learning was manifested both in the modulations of texture-selective responses and in the consequences of training with frozen connection weights. Our findings highlight learning-dependent plasticity in the mid-to-high-level areas of the visual hierarchy. This research introduces an AI-inspired approach for studying learning-induced cortical plasticity, utilizing DCNNs as an experimental framework to formulate testable predictions for empirical brain studies
Working memory training improves depression in working adults: the potential role of executive function and emotional regulation
No full text据世界卫生组织 WHO 的估计，全球约有 5%的成年人患有抑郁症问题。近些年，随着我国的经济转型，就业压力升高，职场竞争激烈，在职人群的心理健康程度越发堪忧，因此调查当前在职人群的情绪状况，开发可得性高效果良好的改善情绪的技术手段具有重要的现实意义。
既往研究发现，当个体面对压力时，个体的执行功能和情绪调节能力与抑郁的发生有着重要的关系。因此我们想进一步验证执行功能和情绪调节能力是否在应激源和抑郁中发挥中介作用，进而通过干预这个中介变量，改善个体的抑郁情绪。基于此，本论文包括二项研究：
在研究一中，我们针对 18-50 岁成年在职人群，考察执行功能和情绪调节能力在日常生活压力与抑郁中发挥的作用。在全国范围收集了 808 份问卷，结果显示，个体的抑郁程度与其经历的生活事件数量，以及执行功能程度呈显著的正向相关，与情绪调节能力呈显著的负相关。中介分析发现，执行功能在生活事件和抑郁发生之间起到了显著的中介作用。而在执行功能作用抑郁的过程中，认知重评策略具有显著的正向调节效应。
基于研究一的结果，研究二以中介变量执行功能为干预靶点，采用自行开发的手机端的双维工作记忆训练，以期通过提升执行功能进而改善抑郁情绪。并且 对比传统的工作记忆训练和加入情绪材料的情绪工作记忆训练，考察情绪调节和执行功能在两种训练中可能发挥的作用。我们招募了 61 名轻度及以上抑郁的职场人士，随机分为三组：工作记忆训练组、情绪工作记忆训练组和空白对照组，进行为期一个月的在线训练。结果发现，两组训练组相对空白对照组，训练后抑郁症状都有明显改善。在情绪工作记忆训练组中，训练组的贝克抑郁量表(Beck depression inventory, BDI)得分从 20.36 降至 15.77。而在中性工作记忆训练组，BDI 得分则从 18.42 降至 14.74。同时，在两个训练组中，认知重评能力也都都有显著提升。在情绪工作记忆训练组中，情绪调节问卷(Emotion regulation questionnaire, ERQ)得分从 25.95 提升至 34.91。而在中性工作记忆训练组，ERQ得分则从 27.37 提升至 32.32。情绪工作记忆训练组中，执行功能的提升与抑郁情绪的改善、情绪调节能力提升显著相关。中性工作记忆训练组中，执行功能的提升与情绪调节能力的提升没有显著关系。而两个训练组中，情绪调节能力的提升和抑郁的改善关系也均不显著。因此，我们推论工作记忆训练（无论是否加入情绪材料）改善情绪的潜在机制通过提升执行功能实现的，而非通过提升情绪调节能力。再者，情绪工作记忆训练虽然可以进一步提升情绪调节能力，但改善抑郁情绪的效果与传统工作记忆相似。
通过研究,我们得出结论：第一，抑郁状况的严重程度与个体经历的生活事件多少，以及执行功能程度呈现出显著相关性，其中执行功能在生活事件和抑郁之间起到了中介作用。而在执行功能作用抑郁的过程中，认知重评策略起到了显著的调节作用；第二，情绪工作记忆训练和中性工作记忆训练均可以有效降低抑郁情绪，情绪工作记忆训练还可以提升个体的情绪调节能力。第三，工作记忆训练改善抑郁情绪的潜在机制主要是通过提升执行功能的方式来实现。</p
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