Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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多学科视角下的城市环境心理健康影响研究进展——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析
No full text心理健康问题已成为全球总体疾病负担的主要原因之一且占比越来越大。城市环境与居民心理健康的复杂关系近年来受到广泛关注。综合城市科学、地理学、神经科学等多学科视角，以中国知网（CNKI）与Wo S(Web of Science)核心合集中近30年相关文献为基础数据，运用Cite Space软件对学科分布、研究热点等分析发现，国内外对城市环境心理健康影响的关注度持续上升，并在研究视角、技术方法等方面呈现多学科交叉趋势。此外，还对社区、绿色空间、建筑、城市环境总体特征等因素的心理健康影响，老年人、青少年等特殊群体，以及促进心理健康的城市设计策略和多学科交叉研究范式的兴起等国内外研究热点进行了综述，并构建多学科视角下的城市环境心理健康影响研究框架，以期为我国健康城市理论与实践提供参考，推动公共心理健康促进和国民幸福感提升。</p
Grid codes underlie multiple cognitive maps in the human brain
No full textGrid cells fire at multiple positions that organize the vertices of equilateral triangles tiling a 2D space and are well studied in rodents. The last decade witnessed rapid progress in two other research lines on grid codes-empirical studies on distributed human grid-like representations in physical and multiple non-physical spaces, and cognitive computational models addressing the function of grid cells based on principles of efficient and predictive coding. Here, we review the progress in these fields and integrate these lines into a systematic organization. We also discuss the coordinate mechanisms of grid codes in the human entorhinal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex and their role in neurological and psychiatric diseases.</p
Cross-Channel Adaptation Reveals Shared Emotion Representation From Face and Biological Motion
No full textEmotions in interpersonal interactions can be communicated simultaneously via various social signals such as face and biological motion (BM). Here, we demonstrate that even though BM and face are very different in visual properties, emotions conveyed by these two types of social signals involve dedicated and common processing mechanisms (N = 168, college students, 2020-2024). By utilizing the visual adaptation paradigm, we found that prolonged exposure to the happy BM biased the emotion perception of the subsequently presented morphed BM toward sad, and vice versus. The observed aftereffect disappeared when the BM adaptors were shown inverted, indicating that it arose from emotional information processing rather than being a result of adaptation to constitutive low-level features. Besides, such an aftereffect was also found for facial expressions and similarly vanished when the face adaptors were inverted. Critically, preexposure to emotional faces also exerted an adaptation aftereffect on the emotion perception of BMs. Furthermore, this cross-channel effect could not only happen from faces to BMs but also from BMs to faces, suggesting that emotion perception from face and BM are potentially driven by common underlying neural substrates. Overall, these findings highlighted a close coupling of BM and face emotion perception and suggested the existence of a dedicated emotional representation that can be shared across these two different types of social signals
The Effects of Mindfulness on Shame: Exploring Mediation by Cognitive Flexibility and Self-Compassion in a Chinese Adult Population
No full textTo examine the effects of mindfulness on shame and the mechanisms mediated by cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in a Chinese adult population in daily life, we conducted two studies. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study using the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Self-Conscious Affect-3, which were administered to 481 adults in Beijing and Chengdu. For Study 2, an 8-month follow-up study was conducted on 128 of the adults. The results of Study 1 showed that (1) the awareness of action and nonjudgment dimensions, and the total score of mindfulness were significantly correlated with shame; (2) cognitive flexibility and self-compassion could fully mediate the prediction of mindfulness on shame. The Study 2 showed that (1) mindfulness and shame were significantly negatively correlated in both phases of measurement; (2) controlling for T1 shame, T1 mindfulness was able to negatively predict T2 shame; controlling for T1 mindfulness, T1 shame was not able to predict T2 mindfulness. There is a longitudinal association between mindfulness and shame, and only mindfulness scores are predictive of the shame and not vice-versa; both cognitive flexibility and self-compassion can provide explanations for the prediction of shame by mindfulness. Enhancing levels of mindfulness can help alleviate individuals' shame levels
More cognitive gains from social activity in the oldest-old: evidence from a 10-year longitudinal study
No full textBackground: Previous research has indicated that engagement in social activities has proven advantageous for diminishing the likelihood of cognitive decline. However, no study has examined whether such cognitive benefits were to a similar extent for the young-old, the old-old, and the oldest-old groups. The purpose of this research was to determine whether aging would have an impact on the changes in cognitive function that would occur in older adults with varying degrees of social involvement. Methods: The sample for this study comprised 4,481 older adults who participated in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) during the waves spanning from 2008 to 2018. At baseline, participants were classified into the young-old (60-69years; M-age=66.66; SD=1.87), the old-old (70-79years; M-age=74.21; SD=2.82), and the oldest-old (80years or older; M-age=86.46; SD=5.71) groups. Results: The level of cognitive function decreased as participants aged. Importantly, compared to those lacking social activities, individuals who were got involved in social engagement at baseline had slower rates of cognitive decline over time. Furthermore, compared with the young-old group and the old-old group, the impact of social activity engagement on slowing cognitive decline was more salient for the oldest-old group. Conclusion: Active engagement in social activities can slow age-related cognitive decline, particularly for the oldest-old group. To preserve cognitive function with aging, attention and resources should be allocated to encourage social activity engagement.</p
Cyber-Ostracism, Depression, and Adolescents' Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
No full textThis study explores the complex dynamics between cyber-ostracism, depression, and cyberbullying among 870 Chinese adolescents (50.9% boys, Mage = 13.03, SD = 0.76). Using a cross-lagged panel analysis, the results found: (1) bidirectional associations between cyber-ostracism and depression, with cyber-ostracism at Time 1(T1) significantly and positively predicted depression at Time 2(T2), and depression at T1 significantly and positively predicted cyber-ostracism at T2; (2) depression at T1 significantly and positively predicted cyberbullying perpetration at T2; (3) cyberbullying perpetration at T1 significantly and positively predicted cyber-ostracism at T2; (4) depression mediated the relationship between cyber-ostracism and cyberbullying perpetration, and (5) gender differences were observed only in the path from depression at T1 to cyber-ostracism at T2, with a significant association for girls but not for boys. This study highlights the complex interplay between cyber-ostracism, depression, and adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration, shedding light on the importance of addressing these issues in a gender-sensitive manner.</p
The Associations between Mindfulness Processes and Emotional Distress Symptoms: A Network Analysis
No full textObjectivesMindfulness is a process of attentional engagement and serves as a protective factor for emotional distress. Although an increasing number of studies examined the impact of mindfulness on emotional distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms), few have explored the micro-level relationships between mindfulness and emotional distress from the perspective of psychopathology networks. This study examined specific mindfulness processes and emotional distress symptoms at item level.MethodA total of 724 young adults (Mage = 19.27 years, SD = 1.06) participated in this study. They completed a set of standardized instruments that assessed mindfulness processes and emotional distress symptoms. Network analysis was used to explore the distinct associations between mindfulness processes and emotional distress symptoms.ResultsIn the mindfulness cluster, attention-related processes (versus acceptance processes) were associated with emotional distress symptoms. "Distraction" was linked to lack of initiative and social anxiety. "Past preoccupation" was associated with depressive symptoms, while "Future preoccupation" was associated with anxiety symptoms. In the emotional distress cluster, the environmental adaptive symptoms "Lack of initiative" and "Social anxiety" had lower negative Bridge Expected Influence (BEI) values compared to other symptoms, indicating that they inhibit the connection between the emotional distress symptom network and the mindfulness process network.ConclusionsThis study provides general description of the micro-level relationship between mindfulness and emotional distress by analyzing specific mindfulness processes and emotional distress symptoms.PreregistrationThis study is not preregistered.</p
The Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type-A Injection on Facial Expression Processing
No full textA 型肉毒毒素（简称肉毒素）可引起可逆的局部肌肉麻痹，注射于特定面部肌肉可影响个体的情绪体验，还会干扰个体对情绪性材料（阈上呈现的面部表情、语言文字和视频）中情绪信息的加工，这些现象可能与肉毒素注射对杏仁核、奖赏系统的功能，以及部分与运动和认知加工相关的皮层功能的影响有关。但是，目前尚不清楚肉毒素注射是否会影响个体对阈下面部表情的加工。
本研究通过采用表情刺激阈下呈现的实验范式，考察肉毒素注射对阈下面部表情加工的影响，并在前人研究基础上，考察肉毒素注射对主观情绪体验和阈上表情识别的影响。 本研究采用纵向对照组实验设计，37 名 25 至 48 岁健康被试在 4 个月内按实验组肉毒素注射的不同阶段进行 3 次同样的一组阈下表情识别实验任务。为了同时追踪被试的情绪状态，采用情绪自评量表测量被试在不同阶段的主观情绪体验。同时，为了与阈下面部表情加工进行对比，被试也分别完成 3 次阈上表情识别任务。其中实验组被试 19 名，在前测后接受肉毒素注射，药物起效后（药物注射后大约 7 至 14 天）进行中测，肌肉恢复后（药物注射后大约 3 至 4 个月）进行后测；对照组被试 18 名，不进行注射，三次测试的时间间隔与实验组的平均时间间隔一致。
前中后测的阈下面部表情加工任务采用连续闪烁抑制和视觉掩蔽的阈下情绪启动实验范式，要求被试对阈下呈现的表情图片后出现的中性目标表情进行情绪效价强度的主观评分（情感错误归因程序范式），或者对随后出现的积极或消极表情目标图片进行正负性的快速分类判断（评价启动任务范式），考察肉毒素 注射对阈下面部表情的情绪启动效应的影响。采用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表对被试在前中后测时的抑郁和焦虑情绪进行测量，考察肉毒素注射对健康个体主观情绪体验的影响。在前中后测也采用局部面部表情和完整面部表情的阈上识别任务，考察肉毒素注射对阈上面部表情加工的影响，与阈下表情加工任务的结果模式进行对比。 前中后测的结果如下。首先，在视觉掩蔽范式中，肉毒素注射干扰了情感错误归因程序中的阈下情绪启动效应，而对评价启动任务结果无显著影响。其次，在连续闪烁抑制范式中，未发现显著的阈下情绪启动效应，也未发现肉毒素注射对该效应的显著影响。最后，主观情绪体验的评分表明，实验组与对照组之间，以及各组前中后测之间的抑郁和焦虑情绪状态都无显著差异；阈上表情加工任务发现，肉毒素注射干扰了实验组被试对阈上完整表情的识别，尤其是对愤怒表情的识别，对其他条件下的阈上表情识别无显著影响。
上述发现表明，首先，肉毒素注射可以影响阈下水平的面部反馈效应，即肉毒素注射引起的肌肉麻痹导致原本由启动表情激活的面部反馈信息受阻，干扰被试对目标中性表情的情感错误归因。其次，肉毒素注射对情感错误归因程序与评 价启动任务的影响不同，佐证了两者的潜在机制差异：情感错误归因程序的阈下启动效应基于个体的生理活动，肉毒素注射影响较大；而评价启动任务与对情绪性刺激的评价性反应有关，启动刺激引起的阈下面部反馈效应被习得反应和已有知识经验掩盖。最后，肉毒素注射眉间通过干扰被试对阈上消极表情的细分，使得愤怒表情与其他表情混淆，影响个体对阈上完整表情的识别。总体而言，阈上 表情加工任务作为对前人研究的验证和补充，为阈下研究结果的归因提供了锚点；通过阈下任务进一步排除了概念水平加工的作用，发现无意识水平下的肌肉活动变化可直接影响个体的表情加工；但这一肌肉活动变化对健康个体情绪体验并没有显著影响。
本研究在前人研究基础上初步探索了阈下意识水平下肉毒素注射对面部表情加工的影响，尽可能减少了概念水平加工和已有知识经验的影响，进一步证实了肉毒素注射引起的肌肉麻痹和情绪加工变化的因果关系，对于面部反馈效应的探究和肉毒素的实际使用有着重要的理论意义和应用价值。</p
Good luck or bad luck? The influence of social comparison on risk-taking decision and the underlying neural mechanism
No full textThe present study aimed to investigate the impact of social comparison on risk-taking behaviors and the neural underpinnings within a competitive context. Participants who thought they were playing against a stranger in a gambling task were actually playing against a programmed computer. Eighty-eight college students were assigned to one of three comparison conditions (downward, upward, and parallel) by varying the probability of gain. Behavioral results showed that disadvantage led to increased risk-taking. Event-related potential data analyses showed, in the parallel comparison condition, a significantly larger Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) was induced by the self's safe decision than the risky decision and by loss rather than gain. However, in the upward and downward comparison conditions, larger FRN emerged solely in response to the loss of risky rather than safe decisions. On the P3 component, participants in the upward comparison condition showed no significant difference in response to their gain or loss, while the other two conditions did. The highest P3 amplitude, delta/theta power, and aperiodic activity were found in the closely matched condition. Finally, in the downward comparison condition, a stronger delta/theta power was correlated with a less risky decision. Overall, the findings indicate that parity heightens emotional arousal and engages more cognitive resources
Multi-level processing of emotions in life motion signals revealed through pupil responses
No full textPerceiving emotions from the movements of other biological entities is critical for human survival and interpersonal interactions. Here, we report that emotional information conveyed by point-light biological motion (BM) triggered automatic physiological responses as reflected in pupil size. Specifically, happy BM evoked larger pupil size than neutral and sad BM, while sad BM induced a smaller pupil response than neutral BM. Moreover, this happy over sad pupil dilation effect is negatively correlated with individual autistic traits. Notably, emotional BM with only local motion features retained could also exert modulations on pupils. Compared with intact BM, both happy and sad local BM evoked stronger pupil responses than neutral local BM starting from an earlier time point, with no difference between the happy and sad conditions. These results revealed a fine-grained pupil-related emotional modulation induced by intact BM and a coarse but rapid modulation by local BM, demonstrating multi-level processing of emotions in life motion signals. Taken together, our findings shed new light on BM emotion processing, and highlight the potential of utilizing the emotion-modulated pupil response to facilitate the diagnosis of social cognitive disorders
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