Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The temporal effect of uncertain context on the perceptual processing of painful and non-painful stimulation
No full textUncertainty has been demonstrated to influence the perception of noxious stimuli, but little is known about the effects of prolonged uncertain contexts on the perception of painful and non-painful stimuli. To address this knowledge gap, the present study utilized a cue-based NPU-threat task, where uncertain and certain trials were separated into distinct blocks. The objective was to investigate the impact of uncertain contexts on the temporal dynamics of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during the processing of painful and non-painful stimuli. The results revealed that the influence of uncertain contexts on neural responses extends beyond painful trials and is also evident in non-painful trials. In uncertain contexts, it has been observed that painful stimuli elicit larger P2 amplitudes and late beta band (13-30 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) around 500-700 ms. However, in certain contexts, painful stimuli evoke stronger late gamma band (50-70 Hz) event-related synchronization (ERS) around 600-700 ms. For non-painful trials, in uncertain contexts, significantly higher amplitudes of the late positive potential (LPP) component and delta-theta band (2-7 Hz) ERS were observed compared to certain non-painful stimuli. These findings demonstrate that uncertain contexts exert a significant impact on the processing of both painful and non-painful stimuli, and this influence is mediated by distinct neural mechanisms
Characteristics and research progress of codependency
No full text共依附最早被用来描述嗜酒者及其家属之间形成的一种相互依赖、难以分离的失调关系,使得酗酒行为极难被治愈。目前共依附已逐渐被众多国家关注,研究人员也在其他成瘾人群、心理问题人群中发现了共依附现象。改善共依附状况,不仅有利于解决各类成瘾问题,也是理解家庭问题、个体问题的角度和手段。本文将综述国内外报道的共依附特征、研究方法、测量工具、研究现状、干预方案等进展,为临床实践提供更丰富的理论基础。</p
Range adaptive value representations in schizophrenia and major depression
No full textAnhedonia and amotivation are core symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Reward processing involves constructing and contrasting the representations for expected value (EV) and outcome value (OV) of a given stimulus, a phenomenon termed range adaptation. Impaired range adaptation can lead to anhedonia and amotivation. This study aimed to examine range adaptation in SCZ patients and MDD patients. Fifty SCZ, 46 MDD patients and 56 controls completed the Effort-based Pleasure Experience Task to measure EV and OV adaptation. SCZ and MDD patients showed altered range adaptation, albeit in different patterns. SCZ patients exhibited over-adaptation to OV and reduced adaptation to EV. By contrast, MDD patients exhibited diminished OV adaptation but intact EV adaptation. Both OV and EV adaptation were correlated with anhedonia and amotivation in SCZ and MDD. Taken together, our findings suggest that range adaptation is altered in both SCZ and MDD patients. Associations of OV and EV adaptation with anhedonia and amotivation were consistently found in SCZ and MDD patients. Impaired range adaptation in SCZ and MDD patients may be putative neural mechanisms and potential intervention targets for anhedonia and amotivation.</p
Uncovering the heterogeneous effects of depression on suicide risk conditioned by linguistic features: A double machine learning approach
No full textDepression has been identified as a risk factor for suicide, yet limited evidence has elucidated the underlying pathways linking depression to subsequent suicide risk. Therefore, we aimed to examine the psychological mechanisms that connect depression to suicide risk via linguistic characteristics on Weibo. We sampled 487,251 posts from 3196 users who belong to the depression super-topic community (DSTC) on Sina Weibo as the depression group, and 357,939 posts from 5167 active users as the control group. We employed the double machine learning method (DML) to estimate the impact of depression on suicide risk, and interpreted the pathways from depression to suicide risk using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values and tree in-terpreters. The results indicated an 18% higher likelihood of suicide risk in the depression group compared to people without depression. The SHAP values further revealed that Exclusive (M = 0.029) was the most critical linguistic feature. Meanwhile, the three-depth tree interpreter illustrated that the high suicide risk subgroup of the depression group (N = 1196, CATE = 0.32 +/- 0.04, 95%CI [0.20, 0.43]) was predicted by higher usage of Exclusive (>0.59) and Health (>-0.10). DML revealed pathways linking depression to suicide risk. The visualized tree interpreter showed cognitive complexity and physical distress might be positively associated with suicide risk in depressed populations. These findings have invigorated further investigation to elucidate the relationship between depression and suicide risk. Understanding the underlying mechanisms serves as a basis for future research on suicide prevention and treatment for individuals with depression
Temporal integration by multi-level regularities fosters the emergence of dynamic conscious experience
No full textThe relationship between integration and awareness is central to contemporary theories and research on consciousness. Here, we investigated whether and how information integration over time, by incorporating the underlying regularities, contributes to our awareness of the dynamic world. Using binocular rivalry, we demonstrated that structured visual streams, constituted by shape, motion, or idiom sequences containing perceptual- or semantic-level regularities, predominated over their nonstructured but otherwise matched counterparts in the competition for visual awareness. Despite the apparent resemblance, a substantial dissociation of the observed rivalry advantages emerged between perceptual- and semantic-level regularities. These effects stem from nonconscious and conscious temporal integration processes, respectively, with the former but not the latter being vulnerable to perturbations in the spatiotemporal integration window. These findings corroborate the essential role of structure-guided information integration in visual awareness and highlight a multi-level mechanism where temporal integration by perceptually and semantically defined regularities fosters the emergence of continuous conscious experience.
How information integration contributes to the generation of consciousness in a dynamic environment remains unclear. In binocular rivalry, structured visual streams with perceptual- and semantic-level regularities dominate visual awareness over their non-structured counterparts. Such advantages stem from non-conscious and conscious temporal integration, respectively, and exhibit different tolerance to spatiotemporal perturbations within the integration window, revealing a multi-level mechanism whereby structure-guided temporal integration fosters the emergence of continuous conscious experience. # imag
A cell therapy approach based on iPSC-derived midbrain organoids for the restoration of motor function in a Parkinson's disease mouse model
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra and loss of DA transmission in the striatum, thus making cell transplantation an effective treatment strategy. Here, we develop a cellular therapy based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain organoids. By transplanting midbrain organoid cells into the striatum region of a 6-OHDA-lesioned PD mouse model, we found that the transplanted cells survived and highly efficiently differentiated into DA neurons. Further, using a dopamine sensor, we observed that the differentiated human DA neurons could efficiently release dopamine and were integrated into the neural network of the PD mice. Moreover, starting from four weeks after transplantation, the motor function of the transplanted mice could be significantly improved. Therefore, cell therapy based on iPSC-derived midbrain organoids can be a potential strategy for the clinical treatment of PD.</p
The Relationship Between the Main Caregiver’s Chronic Ego Depletion and Behavior Problems in Preschool Children: The Mediating Role of Harsh Parenting and the Moderating Role of Gratitude
No full text目的：探讨主要照顾者慢性自我损耗对学龄前儿童问题行为的影响，并检验粗暴养育的中介作用和感恩的调节作用。方法：采用自我调节疲劳量表、粗暴养育量表、感恩量表和3～6岁儿童困难与长处问卷，对来自中国南方6所幼儿园的533名儿童的主要照顾者进行匿名调查。结果：（1）自我损耗与儿童问题行为显著正相关。（2）粗暴养育在自我损耗对儿童问题行为的影响中发挥部分中介作用。（3）感恩与自我损耗、粗暴养育及儿童问题行为显著负相关，低感恩照顾者的自我损耗和粗暴养育水平更高，其后代的问题行为更多。感恩调节自我损耗到粗暴养育之间的关系，高感恩特质下，照顾者自我损耗通过粗暴养育影响其后代的问题行为的效应相对更强。结论：主要照顾者的慢性自我损耗加剧其粗暴养育，进而增加儿童问题行为。感恩对自我损耗与粗暴养育之间的关系起调节作用。</p
Parenting：The Genetics*Environment-Endocrine-Brain Mechanism
No full text基于积极和消极养育研究，构建遗传*环境-内分泌-脑模型。父母基因可直接影响养育，也可通过调控激素敏感性间接影响养育，如催产素、睾酮、皮质醇。积极养育脑区涉及动机奖赏、唤醒警觉、内感、镜像、心理化、共情、执行和情绪调节八部分；消极养育体现于脑区激活异常、体积改变、功能连接失调和亲子脑区同步低，并有性别特异性。未来可考察中国父母养育遗传度，探讨多基因和环境交互影响，分析父母自发养育与脑区功能的相关性，基于全基因组关联分析和机器学习，了解影响养育的其他遗传变异以及各变量解释度。</p
Cortical activations in cognitive task performance at multiple frequency bands
No full textNeural oscillations are fundamental for brain function and govern various cognitive processes. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging advances offer the opportunity to study frequency-specific properties of blood-oxygen-level-dependent oscillations at multiple frequency bands. However, most have focused on spontaneous brain activity in the resting state, leaving a gap in direct evidence regarding the specific activations of cognitive tasks across different frequency bands. We aim to address this gap by exploring the role of blood-oxygen-level-dependent oscillations across multiple frequency bands in cognitive processes. We used task-functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 339 healthy young adults from the Human Connectome Project to map the activation patterns of performing seven cognitive tasks at multiple frequency bands (ie slow-1 to slow-6). Our findings revealed that different frequency bands are associated with distinct task-activation patterns. Specifically, slow-1/2/3 oscillations primarily contribute to local sensory information processing, while slow-4 is crucial for various fundamental cognitive functions. Slow-5 is involved in cognitive processes that require greater memory load, integrated cognitive processing, and attention maintenance. This underscores the importance of analyzing a broad frequency range to capture the full spectrum of cognitive function, highlighting the diverse roles of different frequency bands in brain activity, shedding light on the underlying mechanism of brain-behavior associations
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