Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Evaluating User Experience for Intelligent Connected Vehicles: A Qualitative Study
No full textIntelligent and Connected Vehicles (ICV) are rapidly advancing and have become the strategic focus of global automotive enterprises. Gaining an in-depth understanding of the psychological experiences of ICV users is crucial to ensure widespread user acceptance and recognition of product development and iterations. However, most user experience studies still primarily focus on the features of traditional vehicles. This study attempts to initially develop a comprehensive evaluative framework to evaluate the user experience of ICVs. By utilizing literature analysis, user interviews, and expert evaluations, we extracted 28 key sub-dimensions of the psychological experiences of ICV users. The findings from this research will provide a framework to evaluate the user experience of ICVs. Future studies may develop the ICV user psychological experience questionnaires based on this study and conduct further validation studies. This, in turn, will assist automotive enterprises in optimizing industrial design for enhanced user experiences.</p
Spectro-temporal acoustical markers differentiate speech from song across cultures
No full textHumans produce two forms of cognitively complex vocalizations: speech and song. It is debated whether these differ based primarily on culturally specific, learned features, or if acoustical features can reliably distinguish them. We study the spectro-temporal modulation patterns of vocalizations produced by 369 people living in 21 urban, rural, and small-scale societies across six continents. Specific ranges of spectral and temporal modulations, overlapping within categories and across societies, significantly differentiate speech from song. Machine-learning classification shows that this effect is cross-culturally robust, vocalizations being reliably classified solely from their spectro-temporal features across all 21 societies. Listeners unfamiliar with the cultures classify these vocalizations using similar spectro-temporal cues as the machine learning algorithm. Finally, spectro-temporal features are better able to discriminate song from speech than a broad range of other acoustical variables, suggesting that spectro-temporal modulation-a key feature of auditory neuronal tuning-accounts for a fundamental difference between these categories.</p
HCI Research and Innovation in China: A 10-Year Perspective
No full textIn the past years, human computer interaction (HCI) research and innovation have developed substantially, leading to a number of fruitful research topics. In this paper, we surveyed the HCI research and innovation in China from a 10-year perspective. We analyzed the popular research methodology and topics among Chinese researchers, including human modeling, user interface techniques, context awareness, user acceptance and performance, user experience design, human-AI interaction, HCI applications and social influences. We also conducted a bibliography analysis on the published papers in top-tier conferences and journals, which revealed a significant rising trend, and a generally broad distribution of research types. Moreover, we described typical applications and the industry influence of the research outcomes. We concluded with implications and reflections for HCI researchers across the world and shared the future research trends envisioned by Chinese researchers.</p
Leader Humor and Team Deviant Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model
No full textThis study aims to investigate the impact of affiliative leader humor on team deviant behavior based on the theory of affective events, incorporating insights from prior empirical research. Specifically, the study examines the mediating role of workgroup positive affective tone and the moderating effect of aggressive leader humor. Various analyses were conducted on valid questionnaire data from 671 employees of 101 teams, including tests for common method bias, confirmatory factor analysis, regression analysis, and moderated mediation analysis, to validate the research hypotheses. Affiliative leader humor is significantly and positively influenced on workgroup positive affective tone; Workgroup positive affective tone is significantly and negatively influenced on team deviant behavior; Workgroup positive affective tone mediates the negative impact of affiliative leader humor on team deviant behavior. Aggressive leader humor positively moderates the relationship between affiliative leader humor and workgroup positive affective tone, as well as positively moderates the mediating effect of workgroup positive affective tone. This implies that as aggressive leader humor increases, the relationship between affiliative leader humor and workgroup positive affective tone strengthened, and the mediating effect of workgroup positive affective tone strengthens. Affiliative leader humor negatively influences team deviant behavior by positively affecting workgroup positive affective tone. The strength of this mediating mechanism is strengthened as aggressive leader humor increases.</p
Road-crossing behavior and safety of pedestrians facing autonomous vehicles with an acceleration indicator eHMI in VR traffic flow
No full textTo support pedestrian road-crossing behavior in the presence of autonomous vehicles (AVs), we propose a novel external Human-Machine Interface (eHMI) that enhances the vehicle's inherent motion cues, which pedestrians already use in traditional traffic. Based on the Beta Movement, the eHMI design consists of light bands with multiple arrows moving forward or backward to indicate the vehicle's accelerating or decelerating motion state. We measured pedestrians' behavior and perceived safety when faced with AVs equipped with this acceleration indicator eHMI in a virtual reality (VR) street scene, where pedestrians had road-crossing tasks and vehicles did not always yield. We found that pedestrians exhibited crossing behavior according to the motion state of the oncoming vehicle. They almost always crossed if the vehicle yielded but considered the gap size to cross when it did not. With the acceleration indicator eHMI, they crossed more frequently if the vehicle yielded, yet less frequently if it did not. Although risky crossings could not be fully prevented, pedestrians crossed faster and maintained larger safety margins when the non-yielding vehicle used this eHMI. Additionally, pedestrians started to cross earlier when the eHMI indicated the vehicle's decelerating state. Regarding pedestrians' perceived safety, the eHMI did not increase perceived safety for decelerating vehicles but effectively decreased the perceived safety for accelerating vehicles. These results demonstrate the potential of enhancing vehicles' inherent motion cues with eHMIs, but also imply that making vehicles' motion state more apparent might not simply increase pedestrians' perceived safety. Overall, a trade-off seems to exist that it is pedestrians' sense of unsafety that leads to their safe road-crossing behavior. </p
Influence of proactive personality on work well-being
No full text目的 基于社会生态系统理论，探讨员工主动性人格与工作幸福感的关系，以及心理资本的中介作用和教练型领导的调节作用。方法 2022年2—5月，采用方便取样法在国内8家企业选取调研样本，使用主动性人格量表、工作幸福感量表、心理资本量表和教练型领导量表对668名员工进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 26.0宏程序进行有调节的中介效应检验。结果调研对象主动性人格、工作幸福感和心理资本得分分别为（5.67±0.88）(5.39±1.00)和（4.56±0.63）分；教练型领导得分为（5.67±0.96）分。不同年龄员工的工作幸福感得分比较，差异有统计学意义（t=2.73,P<0.05）,40～<50岁员工幸福感最高；心理资本随年龄和学历的升高而升高（t=8.73、5.18，均P<0.01）；主动性人格与工作幸福感、心理资本之间呈正相关（r=0.62、0.63，均P<0.01），心理资本与工作幸福感呈正相关（r=0.64,P<0.01）。主动性人格显著正向预测工作幸福感（β=0.62,P<0.01）；心理资本在主动性人格与工作幸福感之间起部分中介作用，占总效应的44.34%；教练型领导正向调节主动性人格与工作幸福感的关系（β=0.06,P<0.05），以及心理资本中介效应前半段（β=0.05,P<0.05）。结论 主动性人格正向预测工作幸福感，心理资本在主动性人格与工作幸福感之间起中介作用。教练型领导在主动性人格、心理资本与工作幸福感的关系之间发挥调节作用。</p
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mindfulness Training on Athletes' Attention Network
No full text目的：已有研究发现单次短时tDCS可实现对于神经网络的调节作用。探索tDCS是否可以通过刺激脑区来促进运动员注意能力的提升，有助于在竞技运动领域开发较为方便快捷的运动表现提升方法。方法：采用tDCS技术，并结合正念训练，对60名运动员进行干预，并且记录干预前后被试在注意网络测验任务中的数据结果和HRV变化。结果：1)在注意网络测验任务中，tDCS和正念训练均可显著促进运动员注意执行网络效率和HRV的表现。2)从整合数据发现，仅正念训练对定向网络有显著促进作用，且tDCS和正念训练对警觉网络均无影响。结论：注意执行网络和HRV的一致性结果说明单次短时tDCS对运动员注意能力的提升“部分有效”;综合不同注意功能的脑网络，并对比正念训练，显示tDCS的作用局限性与刺激参数的选择有关。这为后续的研究提供了参考，想要发挥tDCS在运动竞技领域的短时高效作用，需要从脑神经网络整体性出发，同时基于竞技运动实际情境来设计精准的刺激干预方案。</p
Parental emotional warmth and subjective well-being in adolescent eyes: mediating effects of gratitude and emotion regulation
No full text目的 探索父母情感温暖、感恩和情绪调节对青少年主观幸福感的作用机制。方法 基于生物生态学理论，采用父母教养方式问卷、青少年感恩量表、情绪调节问卷和主观幸福感量表对876名青少年进行问卷调查，对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 父母情感温暖、感恩、情绪调节的认知重评维度、主观幸福感，两两之间呈显著正相关；情绪调节的表达抑制维度与母亲情感温暖呈显著负相关，与认知重评维度呈显著正相关。结构方程模型及Bootstrap中介效应检验结果显示：父亲情感温暖正向预测青少年的主观幸福感。感恩和情绪调节中的认知重评策略在父亲情感温暖与青少年主观幸福感间起部分中介作用，在母亲情感温暖与青少年主观幸福感间起完全中介作用。结论 父亲和母亲情感温暖对于青少年主观幸福感的作用机制并不完全相同。父亲情感温暖可直接影响青少年主观幸福感。父母情感温暖可分别通过感恩和情绪调节中认知重评维度的中介效应对青少年主观幸福感产生影响。</p
青少年抑郁障碍患者唾液皮质醇水平变化及相关特征研究
Get PDF目的 探讨青少年抑郁障碍患者皮质醇节律特点及与临床症状的关系。方法 选取2022年5—10月于首都医科大学附属北京安定医院儿科病房住院的115例青少年抑郁障碍患者作为抑郁组，另选取同期在学校招募的年龄、性别匹配的健康志愿者149例作为对照组，检测其晨醒后早7:30—8:00空腹、中午12:00—12:30以及晚睡前19:30—20:00的唾液皮质醇水平，并进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项（HAMD-24）评分。分析两组青少年唾液皮质醇水平的变化特征及抑郁组唾液皮质醇水平与HAMD-24评分的关系。结果 两组性别、年龄、家庭月收入比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。抑郁组的早、中、晚唾液皮质醇水平均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。两组组内早、中、晚不同时间点的唾液皮质醇水平比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001），且呈逐渐下降的趋势（P<0.001）。抑郁组早中、早晚的唾液皮质醇水平变化幅度均大于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。而两组中晚的唾液皮质醇水平变化幅度比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示，抑郁组患者早、中、晚的唾液皮质醇水平与HAMD-24评分均呈正相关（P<0.001）。结论 唾液皮质醇水平可反映青少年抑郁障碍患者的患病情况，可能是预测疾病病情的生物标志物。</p
Early screening of autism spectrum disorders: from cellular pathway to neural marker
No full text近二十年来,孤独症谱系障碍的患病比例持续呈现出递增的趋势.目前对孤独症的治疗没有特效药,但早期心理和行为干预可以改善患者的特定行为,减轻症状的严重程度.因此,早期筛查与鉴别对孤独症人群开展早期干预非常重要.本文从细胞通路和脑神经机制两方面介绍孤独症早期鉴别生物标记物的研究成果.目前已经发现多种潜在致病基因、异常蛋白水平、神经递质缺损或增多等细胞通路异常.通过脑成像和脑电波技术发现孤独症人群存在特殊的脑结构和异常的脑机制.尽管生物标记物的研究成果暂时还无法独立应用于孤独症的直接诊断,但其进一步加深研究者对孤独症生理病理机制的认识,对孤独症早期筛查和辅助治疗有着很大潜力.</p
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