Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Elevated VCAM-1 levels in peripheral blood are associated with brain structural and functional alterations in major depressive disorder
No full textBackground: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a well-known biomarker of endothelial activation. This study aimed to determine whether changes in peripheral VCAM-1 levels occurred in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and explored immune-brain interactions based on neuroimaging. Methods: This study included 165 subjects (80 healthy controls [HCs] and 85 MDD patients). Of them, 133 underwent magnetic resonance imaging. VCAM-1 was measured using a commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit following the manufacturer's instructions. The gray matter volume (GMV) and surface- based functional connectivity (FC) were calculated based on Schaefer parcellation 400 parcels. Results: Compared with the HCs, MDD patients exhibited significantly higher level of VCAM-1. The correlation analysis showed that VCAM-1 had a significant negative correlation with GMV of the right medial frontal cortex (MFC) and postcentral (PostCG). The mediation analyses showed that VCAM-1 mediated the association between group and GMV of PostCG and the FC of left ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) with right inferior parietal lobe (IPL). Conclusions: This study showed that a high level of VCAM-1 was associated to the decreased GMV in the right MFC and PostCG, and mediated the FC of the left vPFC with right IPL. These findings suggested that VCAM-1 might contribute to the etiology of MDD by influencing brain structure and function. Limitations: The cross-sectional design makes it difficult to determine the causal relationship and dynamic effect among VCAM-1, brain structure/function features, and depressive symptoms.</p
Hypo- and hyper-activation in frontotemporal lobe during humor processing in patients with first episode schizophrenia
No full textBackground: Patients with schizophrenia present difficulties in humor recognition and appreciation, but the neural mechanism of these deficits remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate neural substrates underlying humor processing in patients with first episode schizophrenia (FES). Methods: This study recruited 40 patients with FES (illness duration <= 4 years) and 31 healthy controls matching for age, gender and education level. Participants completed a fMRI verbal humor processing paradigm comprising 96 stories, half for funny punch-line condition and the other half for unfunny condition. Participants were required to judge whether the story was funny or not. Signal detection theory (SDT) analysis was used to calculate d' and beta values which represented sensitivity and inner criteria for humor signals respectively. The funny-unfunny contrast was analyzed to identify the brain regions related with humor processing. d' and beta values were put into the imaging regression analysis. Results: Patients with FES showed significantly lower hit rate and sensitivity of humor signals (d'). At the neural level, patients with FES hypo-activated in ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) while hyper-activated in middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) compared to controls. In addition, activity in vmPFC and ACC was positively associated with d' and beta values, while activity in STG was positively associated with beta values in the clinical group. Conclusions: Patients with FES exhibited decreased sensitivity to humor signals. Hypo-activation in frontal re-gions and hyper-activation in temporal regions were associated with the humor processing deficits.</p
众脑之力:通过开放神经影像数据和大规模协作催化神经精神疾病的创新发现
No full textRecent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric disorders. By pooling images from various cohorts, statistical power has increased, enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations, and fostering new research methods. Global collaborations in imaging have furthered our knowledge of the neurobiological foundations of brain disorders and aided in imaging-based prediction for more targeted treatment. Large-scale magnetic resonance imaging initiatives are driving innovation in analytics and supporting generalizable psychiatric studies. We also emphasize the significant role of big data in understanding neural mechanisms and in the early identification and precise treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, challenges such as data harmonization across different sites, privacy protection, and effective data sharing must be addressed. With proper governance and open science practices, we conclude with a projection of how large-scale imaging resources and collaborations could revolutionize diagnosis, treatment selection, and outcome prediction, contributing to optimal brain health.</p
The positive ideal affect of Chinese people: Trends over the past decades
No full text理想情绪是人们理想中想体验的情绪,和文化密切相关。在当今社会快速变迁的背景下,已有大量研究探讨了人们日常体验的实际情绪的变迁,但是尚未有研究关注理想情绪的变迁。本研究第一次在中国对积极理想情绪的变迁进行研究。研究1让1966年之前出生的被试根据自己的判断,评估1980年代初、2000年代初和2020年前后中国人理想中想体验的积极情绪。结果发现,从1980年代初到2020年前后中国人对高唤醒积极情绪、低唤醒积极情绪、一般积极情绪的偏好都在上升。研究2让大学生被试根据自己的判断,评估祖辈、子辈和孙辈理想中想体验的积极情绪。结果表明,大学生知觉到的祖辈、子辈和孙辈这三代人对高唤醒积极情绪、低唤醒积极情绪、一般积极情绪的偏好也都在上升。研究3利用全国性大学生调查数据,通过横断对比分析发现,来自城市的大学生比来自农村的大学生更偏好高唤醒积极情绪、低唤醒积极情绪、一般积极情绪。总起来, 3个研究一致启示,近几十年来,中国人对高唤醒积极情绪、低唤醒积极情绪和一般积极情绪的偏好都在上升。这些发现不仅拓展了对社会变迁的心理影响的认识,更加深了对理想情绪本身特性的认识。</p
A genome-wide association study of insular activation by nociceptive stimuli in humans
No full text通过全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)探索中国汉族人群疼痛诱发脑岛神经响应个体差异背后的遗传影响因素.研究共纳入333名经质控合格且同时采集了基因和脑影像数据的中国汉族健康被试,基因型数据经质控插补后包含5270947个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)位点,脑影像数据为痛觉刺激任务态功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)数据.首先基于f MRI数据利用一般线性模型(general linear model, GLM)获得痛觉刺激条件下每位被试左侧和右侧脑岛区域各自的平均激活值以及双侧脑岛的平均激活值,并将其作为GWAS表型数据分别对5270947个SNP逐一计算脑岛激活与SNP之间的关联.结果显示,在P<5×10-6阈值下, 10个独立SNP位点与左侧脑岛的激活水平存在显著关联, 7个独立SNP位点与右侧脑岛的激活水平存在显著关联, 12个独立SNP位点与双侧脑岛的平均激活水平存在显著关联.所有显著位点可注释到9个基因上,其中BACE1基因已被报道与疼痛相关,其他基因与脑影像表型或常见神经精神疾病相关.这些发现为深入理解疼痛诱发脑岛神经响应个体差异背后的遗传机制提供了有力证据.</p
The Influence of Parental Criticism Related to Body Weight and Shape on Adolescent Eating Disorder Symptoms
No full text目的：考察父母体重、体形相关的批评言论对青少年进食障碍症状的影响。方法：采用问卷法调查了630名中学生（363名女生，267名男生）的来自父母体重、体形相关批评言论的情况及进食障碍症状水平，运用SPSS进行相关分析、差异检验和回归分析。结果：来自父母的体重、体形相关批评言论与男女生的进食障碍症状均有显著相关。在控制被试BMI的情况下，来自母亲的批评言论能显著预测男女生的进食障碍症状，而父亲的批评言论仅能显著预测男生进食障碍症状。结论：来自父母的体重、体形相关的批评言论与青少年进食障碍症状密切相关，其中来自母亲的影响尤为明显。</p
Impaired tactile processing in autism-associated Shank3 mutant dogs: neural mechanism and intervention
No full textDiscriminative feature learning based on multi-view attention network with diffusion joint loss for speech emotion recognition
No full textIn speech emotion recognition, existing models often struggle to accurately classify emotions with high similarity. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture that integrates a multi-view attention network (MVAN) and diffusion joint loss to alleviate confusion by placing a stronger focus on emotions that are challenging to classify accurately. First, we use logarithmic Mel-spectrograms (log-Mels), deltas, and delta- deltas of log-Mels as three-dimensional features to minimize external interference. Then, we design the MVAN to extract effective multi-time scale emotion features, where the channel and spatial attention are used to selectively localize the regions in the input features related to the target emotion. A Multi-time view bidirectional long and short-term memory network is used to extract the shallow edge features and deep semantic features, and multi-scale self-attention fuses these features through cross-scale attention fusion to obtain multi-time scale emotion features. Finally, a diffusion joint loss strategy is introduced to distinguish the emotional embeddings with high similarity by the generated complex emotion triplets in a diffusing fashion. We evaluated our proposed method on the Interactive Emotional Mood Binary Motion Capture (IEMOCAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences Automation Institute of Automation (CASIA), and Berlin German Emotion Speech Bank (EMODB) corpus. The results show significant improvements over existing methods, achieving 86.87% WA, 86.60% UA, and 86.82% WF1 on IEMOCAP; 70.74% WA, 70.74% UA, and 70.25% WF1 on CASIA; and 93.65% WA, 91.13% UA, and 92.26% WF1 on EMODB. These results confirm the superiority of our method. </p
Hybrid Alignment Training for Large Language Models
No full textAlignment training is crucial for enabling large language models (LLMs) to cater to human intentions and preferences. It is typically performed based on two stages with different objectives: instruction-following alignment and human-preference alignment. However, aligning LLMs with these objectives in sequence suffers from an inherent problem: the objectives may conflict, and the LLMs cannot guarantee to simultaneously align with the instructions and human preferences well. To response to these, in this work, we propose a Hybrid Alignment Training (HBAT) approach, based on alternating alignment and modified elastic weight consolidation methods. The basic idea is to alternate between different objectives during alignment training, so that better collaboration can be achieved between the two alignment tasks. We experiment with HBAT on summarization and dialogue tasks. Experimental results show that the proposed HBAT can significantly outperform all baselines. Notably, HBAT yields consistent performance gains over the traditional two-stage alignment training when using both proximal policy optimization and direct preference optimization.</p
Using Flight Quick Access Recorder (QAR) Data to Examine the Effect of Sun Glare on Landing Performance: An Initial Attempt
No full textFlight safety during the landing phase is crucial, and many environmental factors may undermine this process. Sun glare has been identified as an important environmental factor affecting operation performance, but the empirical evidence concerning its effects requires further exploration. This study investigates the effect of sun glare on flight landing performance based on real flight QAR data. Five landing performance indicators were extracted from the QAR data encompassing 1235 flights at an east-west runway airport during clear weather conditions. We examined whether landing performance can be undermined when sun glare is more likely to happen, specifically during westward landing in the late afternoon and eastward landing in the early morning. The general linear model analysis findings reveal a marginally significant interaction effect between runway direction and time period on touchdown distance. Notably, in the morning, eastward landings exhibited longer touchdown distances compared to westward landings, while during the late afternoon, the opposite trend was observed with westward touchdown distances being longer. This study offers a novel perspective on how environmental factors can influence flight performance. The findings hold promise in devising strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of sun glare on flight operation performance, thereby enhancing overall flight safety standards.</p
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