Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for preserved specific associative episodic memory in older adults
No full textAging is often linked to a decline in associative memory. Prior research has shown that older adults have difficulty retrieving specific associative memory but can retrieve gist associative memory when deliberately differentiating test pairs with different levels of specificity during associative recognition. In this study, we utilized the context reinstatement paradigm to examine whether older adults could retrieve specific memory in situations where associations do not necessarily need to be voluntarily retrieved. Thirty-five older adults were directed to intentionally link objects with unique background scenes during encoding. Subsequently, test objects were presented against either the reinstated or similar background scenes during a recognition memory task, where participants were required to identify whether the objects were old or new regardless of their background contexts. Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded to uncover the electrophysiological correlates of specific associative episodic memory. Behavioral results revealed higher memory sensitivity for object recognition when the background scenes were reinstated than when those were similar in older adults. ERP results indicated that older adults exhibited a more prominent fronto-centrally distributed positivity during object recognition in the reinstated than in similar contexts. Our results suggest that older adults may preserve their ability to retrieve specific memory for associations through an involuntary, spontaneous recollection process, which holds important theoretical implications for age-related associative memory deficits
Gender differences in clinical characteristics and influencing factors of suicide attempts in first-episode and drug-na?ve major depressive disorder patients with comorbid metabolic syndrome
No full textBackgroundsPatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a high rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which could worsen disease progression. One of the most serious progressions in MDD is suicide attempts (SAs). Previous studies have found gender differences in MetS and SAs among MDD patients respectively. Therefore, we aimed to explore gender differences of SAs in first-episode and drug-na & iuml;ve (FEDN) MDD patients with comorbid MetS.Methods1718 outpatients with FEDN MDD were recruited. Depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale, respectively. Blood sugar, blood fat, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured to evaluate MetS.Results34.4% patients with FEDN MDD were diagnosed as MetS and those subjects with or without MetS differed in the distribution of SAs and gender. In MetS subgroup, 29.5% and 29.7% of male and female subjects had SAs respectively, without significant differences. However, compared with non-suicide attempters, suicide attempters had higher level of blood pressure in female subjects, while there are no differences in any clinical variables in male subjects. Additionally, the influencing factors for SAs differed by gender. The HAMA scores and BMI were variables associated with SAs in male patients while HAMA scores, marital status and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were associated with SAs in female patients. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, demonstrating the combination all influencing factors by gender, showed good performance and model accuracy.ConclusionsIn FEDN MDD patients with comorbid MetS, there were no gender differences in SAs. However, clinical characteristics and influencing factors of SAs differed in different gender groups
Sexual dimorphism in the relationship between BMI and recent suicidal attempts in first-episode drug-na?ve patients with major depressive disorder
No full textMeta-Analysis of Collaborative Inhibition Moderation by Gender, Membership, Culture, and Memory Monitoring
No full textCollaborative inhibition is a counterintuitive phenomenon. While the specific mechanisms through which social factors influence collaborative inhibition remain unclear, this study aims to shed light on the impact of gender, relationships, and culture in order to better understand the factors shaping collaborative inhibition. A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze subgroups of social factors, including collaborative pairing, gender, membership, and culture, as well as cognitive factors like memory monitoring. Collaborative inhibition was found to be a robust effect (p < 0.01), with moderating effects of pairing on gender (p < 0.01), membership (p < 0.01), culture (p < 0.01), and memory monitoring (p < 0.01). The findings indicate that collaborative inhibition is a consistent phenomenon influenced by both social and cognitive factors. Moreover, the study discovered that memory monitoring can successfully moderate collaborative inhibition, although the underlying mechanism requires further investigation
Childhood trauma, resilience, psychopathology and social functioning in schizophrenia: A network analysis
No full textThe affective pathway to psychosis implicates affective symptoms and neuroticism as mediating steps between childhood trauma and symptoms of schizophrenia. Prior research seldom examined the interplay between childhood trauma, resilience, personality, social functioning and symptoms in schizophrenia patients. This study recruited 290 schizophrenia patients, and constructed a regularized partial correlation network of childhood trauma, resilience, big-five personality traits, symptoms and social functioning. We further applied flow diagram and shortest path analysis to clarify how different childhood trauma types would contribute to and reach different symptoms. In the network, emotional and physical abuse showed the highest expected influence, and resilience showed the highest strength. In flow diagrams, all nodes together contributed two-thirds of variance of social functioning (which had highest predictability). Among childhood trauma types, emotional abuse contributed most to positive symptoms; physical neglect contributed most to negative, depressive and disorganized symptoms. Childhood abuse reached positive symptoms via neuroticism and depressive symptoms, yet it reached negative symptoms via physical neglect and social functioning. Childhood neglect reached positive symptoms via resilience, conscientiousness, neuroticism and depressive symptoms, yet it reached negative symptoms via social functioning. Our findings support that different childhood trauma types contribute to different symptoms, and interacts with resilience, personality and social functioning
Ketamine alleviates PTSD-like effect and improves hippocampal synaptic plasticity via regulation of GSK-3(3/GR (3 /GR signaling of rats
No full textBackground: Each year, 3-4% of the global population experiences post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a chronic mental disorder with significant social and economic repercussions. Although it has been shown that ketamine can effectively alleviate PTSD symptoms in individuals, the specific mechanism of action underlying its anti-PTSD effects remains unclear. In this study, we investigated how a single, low dose of ketamine affected the glycogen synthase kinase 3(3 (GSK-3(3)/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway in a single prolonged stress (SPS)-induced PTSD rat model. Methods: After establishing the model, stress-related behavioral alterations in the rats were assessed following intraperitoneal injections of ketamine (10 mg/kg) and GSK-3(3 antagonist SB216763 (5 mg/kg). In the hippo- campus, alterations in the expression of specific proteins implicated in PTSD development, such as GR, brain- derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), GSK-3(3, and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3(3 (p-GSK-3(3), were assessed. We also measured changes in the mRNA expression levels of GR, BDNF, GSK-3(3, FK501 binding protein 51 (FKBP5), and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), as well as synaptic ultrastructure, in the hippocampus, and measured changes in corticosterone levels in the blood. Results: SPS induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in rats and induced morphological changes in synapse, which were accompanied by higher GSK-3(3 protein expression and conversely, decreased expression of GR, BDNF, p-GSK-3(3, FKBP5 and CRH. Intraperitoneal administration of ketamine (10 mg/kg) after SPS prevented SPS-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Most importantly, ketamine attenuated SPS-induced dysfunctions in GSK-3(3/GR signaling and synaptic deficits. Furthermore, treatment with a GSK-3(3 inhibitor played the same effect as ketamine on behavioral changes of SPS model rats. Conclusion: Single doses of ketamine effectively ameliorate SPS-induced anxiety-like symptoms, potentially by improving synaptic plastic in the hippocampus by regulating GSK-3(3/GR signaling
Do Cyberbullying Victims Feel more Entitled to Bully Others Online? The Moderating Role of Gender
No full textPrevious studies have found that adolescent cyberbullying victimization is associated with cyberbullying perpetration and have explored the potential mediating mechanisms between the two. Although some valuable research has been accumulated, further exploration is needed on the underlying mechanisms of why cyber victims are transformed into cyberbullying perpetrators. Based on the General Aggression Model of Cyberbullying and the Social Role Theory, this study examined the mediating role of psychological entitlement and the moderating role of gender on the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and cyberbullying perpetration. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 836 adolescents, utilizing the cyberbullying victimization scale, cyberbullying perpetration scale, and psychological entitlement questionnaire. The results found that (a) cyberbullying victimization, psychological entitlement, and cyberbullying perpetration were significantly and positively correlated with each other; (b) after controlling for gender and age, cyberbullying victimization significantly and positively predicted cyberbullying perpetration and psychological entitlement mediated the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and cyberbullying perpetration; (c) Gender moderates the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and cyberbullying perpetration. Specifically, compared with the girls, cyberbullying victimization had a greater effect on cyberbullying perpetration among boys. The results of this study suggest that cyberbullying victims consider that they have more entitlement to bully others online. These findings support the General Aggression Model of Cyberbullying and provide new insights for the prevention and intervention of cyberbullying perpetration
A replication of "unconscious bias in citizens' evaluations of public sector performance"
No full textIn recent years, the phenomenon of anti-public sector bias (APSB) has garnered significant attention among public administration scholars. It is of especial interest given its possible effects on how citizens evaluate public sector performance. Despite the prominence of APSB in academic discourse, conclusive evidence requires further empirical testing. Our study addresses this gap by conducting a replication of Marvel (2016) using a different study population (citizens from China, N = 1410). The results reaffirm the negative influence of APSB on citizens' assessments of public sector performance. Notably, our research indicates the potential for altering citizens' APSB in the context of a pro-public sector culture. This study contributes to public administration research and the discourse on APSB by confirming the effects presented by Marvel (2016) and suggesting strategies for mitigating the negative effects of APSB
Prevalence and pattern of multimorbidity in China: a cross-sectional study of 224,142 adults over 60 years old
No full textAim To examine the prevalence and potential risk factors of multimorbidity among older adult in China. In addition, we investigated the pattern of multimorbidity. Methods This study is based on data from the fourth Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China (SSAPUR) in 2015, a comprehensive survey of individuals aged 60 years or older in China. We calculated baseline data and prevalence rates for comorbidities, stratified by household registration, age, sex, education, exercise, and health insurance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify potential risk factors for comorbidities. Furthermore, we determined the prevalence rates for the three most frequent disease combinations. Results A total of 215,040 participants were included in our analysis. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 50.5% among the older adult in China. The prevalence rate was slightly higher in rural areas than in urban areas, with rates of 51.5 and 49.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence rate was higher in females than in males, with rates of 55.2 and 45.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals aged 70-79 years (OR:1.40, 95% CI: 1.38-1.43, p < 0.001) and over 80 years (OR:1.41, 95% CI: 1.38-1.45, p < 0.001) had a higher prevalence of multimorbidity than those aged 60-69 years. The most prevalent pair of comorbidities was hypertension and osteoarthropathy, with 19.6% of the participants having these two conditions, accounting for 5.4% of the total participants. Conclusion Our findings indicate a high prevalence of multimorbidity among the older adult in China. Increased expenditure on preventive health care, popularization of general medicine and popular medical education may be adopted by the Government to cope with the high prevalence of multimorbidity
(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine alleviates PTSD-like endophenotypes by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats
No full textBackground: Patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mainly exhibit enduring adverse emotions, heightening susceptibility to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Notably, metabolites of ketamine, particularly (2R,6R)-hydroxyketamine (HNK), have demonstrated favorable antidepressant properties. However, the precise mechanism through which HNK exerts its therapeutic effects on negative emotional symptoms in PTSD patients should be fully elucidated. Methods: In this investigation, a model involving a single prolonged stress and plantar shock (SPS&S) was utilized, followed by the administration of (2R, 6R)-HNK into the lateral ventricle subsequent to the recovery phase. The evaluation of PTSD-related behaviors was conducted through the open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EMPT), and forced swim test (FST). The expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphokinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in rat brain regions was analyzed using molecular biology experiments. Results: SPS&S rats displayed adverse emotional behaviors characterized by depression and anxiety. Treatment with (2R, 6R)-HNK enhanced exploratory behavior and reversed negative emotional behaviors. This intervention mitigated disruptions in the expression levels of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-associated proteins in the HIP and PFC, without influencing PI3K/AKT signaling in the AMY of SPS&S rats. Conclusion: Traumatic stress can trigger negative emotional reactions in rats, potentially involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the HIP, PFC, and AMY. The (2R, 6R)-HNK compounds have demonstrated the potential to mitigate adverse emotions in rats subjected to the SPS&S paradigm. This effect may be attributed to the modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the HIP, and PFC, with a particularly notable impact observed in the HIP region
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