Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Relationship between Maternal Mindfulness and Young Children’s Social Withdrawal Behavior
No full text社交退缩是幼儿较常见内化问题行为，常引发一系列心理社会适应不良，在陌生环境中表现出害怕、谨慎，遇到陌生人表现出害羞等特点。社交退缩多发生在年龄较小的幼儿群体中，并造成严重的危害性，例如童年早期社交退缩与较低自尊、社会认知功能障碍、社交能力弱、亲社会行为减少有关，往往引发幼儿焦虑情绪，较少使用积极应对的策略。到童年晚期预示成年后社交生活不活跃以及成年生活事件延迟。本研究旨在通过知识图谱可视化研究，探究幼儿社交退缩行为影响因素；并进一步建立幼儿社交退缩形成内部机制，通过个案研究验证并补充可能引起社交退缩其他变量，为寻求保护性因素降低发生率提供依据。
本研究基于文献研究和文献可视化分析，深入了解幼儿社交退缩领域的研究进展并探测不同研究前沿转化和趋势，为实证研究提供证据支持。利用 CiteSpace, Bibliometrix, Tableau 知识图谱分析软件，选取中国知网(CNKI)数据库和 Web of Science(WoS)数据库为数据来源，以“Keyword” “Institution” “Author” “Country”为 网络节点，分别形成高频关键词图谱、高产作者图谱及国家分布等图谱，对国内外幼儿社交退缩领域相关研究论文研究现状、研究热点及研究前沿分析，探究幼儿社交退缩行为影响因素。研究结果表明，幼儿社交退缩领域 WoS 数据库文献研究起步早且发展迅速，而 CNKI 数据库文献研究发展较落后；总体该领域作者合作较少，仅核心作者合作紧密；目前研究热点为社交退缩幼儿的社会适应及不 同教养方式；从研究趋势看母亲正念养育、干预措施等是该领域持续关注内容。未来一段时间幼儿社交退缩影响因素、养育环境等将是国内幼儿社交退缩研究热点。
本研究还探讨了母亲正念与幼儿社交退缩行为的关系，及正念养育、亲子关系和幼儿趋避气质其间可能中介和调节作用。选取北京、山东、江苏三地幼儿园儿童母亲共 605 人，采用正念注意觉知量表（MAAS）、儿童社会偏好量表（CSPS）、正念养育量表（IM-P）、亲子关系（CPRS）量表、儿童气质问卷（PTQ）分别对母亲正念、社交退缩、正念养育、亲子关系、幼儿趋避气质测量；采用个案研究法、访谈法探讨幼儿社交退缩产生的其他原因。研究结果表明，幼儿 CSPS 得分与 MAAS、IM-P、CPRS 和 PTQ 得分均负相关（r =-0.65～-0.16,均 P＜0.01）；正念养育和亲子关系得分在母亲正念与幼儿社交退缩得分之间起链式中介作用，亲子关系得分在母亲正念与幼儿社交退缩行为得分之间起中介作用，中介效应分别 为-0.05、-0.04，各占总效应的 20%、16%。调节效应检验结果表明，母亲正念通过正念养育、亲子关系进而影响幼儿社交退缩链式中介通径中，幼儿趋避气质通过调节前半段影响整个通径。此外，采用个案研究对社交退缩行为严重的幼儿母亲进行访谈，以便深入分析幼儿社交退缩行为背后更深层原因。
结论：母亲正念可以直接作用于幼儿的社交退缩行为，即母亲正念水平越高，幼儿社交退缩行为越低，正念养育和亲子关系在母亲正念与幼儿社交退缩行为之间起链式中介作用，亲子关系在两者之间起部分中介作用；正念养育的形成是基于母亲正念特质与幼儿的趋避气质共同影响，且幼儿趋近气质能加强母亲正念与正念养育关系，女孩的趋避气质更能调节母亲正念与正念养育的关系，男孩的趋避气质在两者之间不起调节作用；通过个案访谈，幼儿社交退缩行为形成原因还包括幼儿先天生理基础、母亲正念水平、母亲气质类型、父亲参与程度、夫妻关系、老人隔代养育等因素
Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for preserved specific associative episodic memory in older adults
No full textAging is often linked to a decline in associative memory. Prior research has shown that older adults have difficulty retrieving specific associative memory but can retrieve gist associative memory when deliberately differentiating test pairs with different levels of specificity during associative recognition. In this study, we utilized the context reinstatement paradigm to examine whether older adults could retrieve specific memory in situations where associations do not necessarily need to be voluntarily retrieved. Thirty-five older adults were directed to intentionally link objects with unique background scenes during encoding. Subsequently, test objects were presented against either the reinstated or similar background scenes during a recognition memory task, where participants were required to identify whether the objects were old or new regardless of their background contexts. Event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded to uncover the electrophysiological correlates of specific associative episodic memory. Behavioral results revealed higher memory sensitivity for object recognition when the background scenes were reinstated than when those were similar in older adults. ERP results indicated that older adults exhibited a more prominent fronto-centrally distributed positivity during object recognition in the reinstated than in similar contexts. Our results suggest that older adults may preserve their ability to retrieve specific memory for associations through an involuntary, spontaneous recollection process, which holds important theoretical implications for age-related associative memory deficits.</p
Brain-to-brain synchrony increased during interpersonal touch in romantic lovers: an EEG-based hyperscanning study
No full textBackgroundInterpersonal touch is an essential element of human social life. It's unclear whether the neural patterns of interpersonal touch are specific to intimate relationships or generally apply to other social relationships. Romantic lovers are typically intimate and have a high level of interpersonal touch. Currently, researchers focused on the neurobiological basis and neural processes of romantic love.Methods110 participants finished two resting-state blocks, no-handholding and handholding conditions, with Electroencephalogram (EEG). We aimed to explore the differences in the brain-brain synchrony pattern of interpersonal touch between romantic lovers and strangers by calculating dynamic interpersonal functional connectivity (dIFC) via EEG-based hyperscanning.ResultsOur results supported that the neural processing of interpersonal touch is a dynamic process. At first half, both groups tended to adapt, and then interpersonal touch increased the dIFC between romantic lovers and decreased the dIFC between strangers. Finally, we employed Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify EEG signals into two different relationships. SVM recognized two relationships with an accuracy of 71% and 0.77 AUC of ROC at the first half, a 73% accuracy and 0.8 AUC of ROC at the second half.ConclusionsOur study indicates that interpersonal touch may have different meanings between romantic lovers and strangers. Specifically, interpersonal touch enhances the dIFC between romantic lovers while reducing the dIFC between strangers. The research has important implications for planning touch-based interventions in social and medical care.</p
ABHD6 drives endocytosis of AMPA receptors to regulate synaptic plasticity and learning flexibility
No full textTrafficking of alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs), mediated by AMPAR interacting proteins, enabled neurons to maintain tuning capabilities at rest or active state. alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6), an endocannabinoid hydrolase, was an AMPAR auxiliary subunit found to negatively regulate the surface delivery of AMPARs. While ABHD6 was found to prevent AMPAR tetramerization in endoplasmic reticulum, ABHD6 was also reported to localize at postsynaptic site. Yet, the role of ABHD6 interacting with AMPAR at postsynaptic site, and the physiological significance of ABHD6 regulating AMPAR trafficking remains elusive. Here, we generated the ABHD6 knockout (ABHD6KO) mice and found that deletion of ABHD6 selectively enhanced AMPAR-mediated basal synaptic responses and the surface expression of postsynaptic AMPARs. Furthermore, we found that loss of ABHD6 impaired hippocampal long-term depression (LTD) and synaptic downscaling in hippocampal synapses. AMPAR internalization assays revealed that ABHD6 was essential for neuronal activity-dependent endocytosis of surface AMPARs, which is independent of ABHD6's hydrolase activity. The defects of AMPAR endocytosis and LTD are expressed as deficits in learning flexibility in ABHD6KO mice. Collectively, we demonstrated that ABHD6 is an endocytic accessory protein promoting AMPAR endocytosis, thereby contributes to the formation of LTD, synaptic downscaling and reversal learning.</p
Artificial Intelligence and Radiologist Burnout
No full textIMPORTANCE Understanding the association of artificial intelligence (AI) with physician burnout is crucial for fostering a collaborative interactive environment between physicians and AI. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between AI use in radiology and radiologist burnout. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study conducted a questionnaire survey between May and October 2023, using the national quality control system of radiology in China. Participants included radiologists from 1143 hospitals. Radiologists reporting regular or consistent AI use were categorized as the AI group. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2023 to May 2024. EXPOSURE AI use in radiology practice. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Burnout was defined by emotional exhaustion (EE) or depersonalization according to the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Workload was assessed based on working hours, number of image interpretations, hospital level, device type, and role in the workflow. AI acceptance was determined via latent class analysis considering AI-related knowledge, attitude, confidence, and intention. Propensity score-based mixed-effect generalized linear logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between AI use and burnout and its components. Interactions of AI use, workload, and AI acceptance were assessed on additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS Among 6726 radiologists included in this study, 2376 (35.3%) were female and 4350 (64.7%) were male; the median (IQR) age was 41 (34-48) years; 3017 were in the AI group (1134 [37.6%] female; median [IQR] age, 40 [33-47] years) and 3709 in the non-AI group (1242 [33.5%] female; median [IQR] age, 42 [34-49] years). The weighted prevalence of burnout was significantly higher in the AI group compared with the non-AI group (40.9% vs 38.6%; P < .001). After adjusting for covariates, AI use was significantly associated with increased odds of burnout (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10-1.30), primarily driven by its association with EE (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.34). A dose-response association was observed between the frequency of AI use and burnout (P for trend < .001). The associations were more pronounced among radiologists with high workload and lower AI acceptance. A significant negative interaction was noted between high AI acceptance and AI use. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study of radiologist burnout, frequent AI use was associated with an increased risk of radiologist burnout, particularly among those with high workload or lower AI acceptance. Further longitudinal studies are needed to provide more evidence
Cyber-Ostracism, Depression, and Adolescents' Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
No full textThis study explores the complex dynamics between cyber-ostracism, depression, and cyberbullying among 870 Chinese adolescents (50.9% boys, Mage = 13.03, SD = 0.76). Using a cross-lagged panel analysis, the results found: (1) bidirectional associations between cyber-ostracism and depression, with cyber-ostracism at Time 1(T1) significantly and positively predicted depression at Time 2(T2), and depression at T1 significantly and positively predicted cyber-ostracism at T2; (2) depression at T1 significantly and positively predicted cyberbullying perpetration at T2; (3) cyberbullying perpetration at T1 significantly and positively predicted cyber-ostracism at T2; (4) depression mediated the relationship between cyber-ostracism and cyberbullying perpetration, and (5) gender differences were observed only in the path from depression at T1 to cyber-ostracism at T2, with a significant association for girls but not for boys. This study highlights the complex interplay between cyber-ostracism, depression, and adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration, shedding light on the importance of addressing these issues in a gender-sensitive manner
Beyond Cumulative Scores: Distinct Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Differential Impact on Emotion, Borderline Personality Traits, and Executive Function
No full textAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with long-lasting and multifaceted consequences for mental health. Despite established dose-response effects of ACEs on mental health, the specificity of ACE pattern effects remains understudied, especially on executive function. This study aims to explore how specific patterns of ACEs, beyond just cumulative scores, differentially impact emotional symptoms, personality and cognitive function. This study recruited 2515 college students from several universities in northern China. Demographic characteristics, depression, anxiety, borderline personality traits, and executive function (Wisconsin Card Sort Test) were assessed. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of ACEs. Data were analysed using chi 2-test, ANCOVA, and multivariate linear regression methods. Pattern-oriented and cumulative-oriented approaches were compared to predict the effects of ACEs. Three distinct patterns of ACEs were identified: low adversity (LA), multiple adversity (MA), and family environment adversity (FA). FA with the highest number of ACEs was uniquely linked to executive function impairments, while both MA and cumulative ACEs significantly predicted higher anxiety, depression, and borderline personality traits. The pattern-oriented method was more sensitive to capturing the diverse outcomes of executive function impairment than cumulative scores. Our findings highlight the importance of moving beyond cumulative scores and considering specific ACEs patterns to understand their differential impact on mental health. Identifying FA as a distinct pattern with specific consequences for executive function offers valuable insights into developing targeted prevention strategies tailored to specific risk profiles
The Negative Impacts of Life Stress on Empathy for Emotions, for Music, but Not for Pain
No full textObjectivesEmpathy is sharing and understanding others' feelings and emotions. The stress of life seems to push people away not only from mental wellness but also from empathy for others. This notion, however, lacks empirical verification. This study aims to investigate the impact of life stress on three dimensions of empathy (viz., for physical pain, emotions, and music).MethodVia an online survey, 619 Chinese participants were recruited from among clinical workers and the general population to complete a set of questionnaires, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI), the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Empathy for Pain Scale (EPS), the Music Empathizing (ME) inventory, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ).ResultsResults revealed that the perceived life stress negatively predicted participants' empathy for emotions, as well as for music, but not for physical pain. Furthermore, mediation analyses illuminated that participants' psychological wellness (e.g., burnout and mindfulness) mediated the predictive pathway from life stress to empathy.ConclusionsOverall, the current study revealed the subtle distinctions among the three empathy dimensions under the impacts of life stress. Moreover, the current results hinted at the potential of stress reduction (e.g., mindfulness training) in empathy promotion
A transdiagnostic approach of negative symptoms in psychiatric disorders: replication of a two-factor structure in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder
No full textRecent empirical findings suggest that negative symptoms are not limited to schizophrenia (SCZ) but also present in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients. Although SCZ patients generally showed a latent structure comprising the motivation and pleasure (MAP) and expression (EXP) factors, it remains unclear whether the same latent structure exists in MDD and BD patients. We administered the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) to 179 MDD patients and 152 BD patients. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the one-factor model, the two-factor model of the MAP and the EXP domain, the five-factor model of anhedonia, avolition, asociality, alogia, and blunted affect, and the hierarchical model comprising the first-order five-factor, and the second-order two-factor (MAP and EXP factors). We further examined the correlations between demographics and the negative symptom dimensions found in the best factor model. The CFA showed that, when the CAINS and the BNSS were combined together, the two-factor model of MAP and EXP provided the best model fit than other competing models, in the MDD alone sample, BD alone sample, and the combined clinical sample. The two-factor model of the MAP and EXP appears to be a stable, transdiagnostic latent structure of negative symptoms across BD and MDD. Clarifying negative symptoms in MDD and BD can facilitate future research on the underlying neural mechanisms of the MAP and EXP dimensions
Association between auditory P300 event-related potential and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in first-episode antipsychotic-na?ve patients with schizophrenia
No full textObjective: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are critical concern in schizophrenia (SZ). Concurrent changes in event-related potential (ERP), particularly the P300 (P3) components, have been observed in SZ patients, but the association between these changes and STBs remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationships between P3 components and STBs in first-episode antipsychotic-na & iuml;ve SZ (FEAN-SZ) patients. Methods: The study included 321 FEAN-SZ patients and 146 healthy controls (HC). Sociodemographic data, clinical assessments, and ERP P3 components (N1, P3a, and P3b) were collected. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), while depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Results: Compared to HC, FEAN-SZ patients exhibited lower N1 and P3 amplitudes and longer latencies (all p(s) < 0.001). Patients with STBs exhibited higher scores on negative, general psychopathology, PANSS total and HAMD, decreased N1 and P3a amplitudes, as well as prolonged P3a and P3b latencies compared to those without STBs (all p(s) < 0.001). The P3a latency predicted the general psychopathology scores ((3 = 0.103, p < 0.001), and the N1 amplitude predicted the HAMD scores ((3 = -1.057, p = 0.001), both exclusively within the STBs group. Logistic regression analysis identified that N1 amplitude (Beta = -0.132, p = 0.018, OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.01-1.04) and HAMD scores (Beta = 0.068, p = 0.001, OR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.03-1.11) as independent predictors of STBs in FEAN-SZ patients. Combining these variables yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUCROC) curve of 0.840 for distinguishing between patients with and without STBs. Conclusions: FEAN-SZ patients with STBs have lower P3 amplitude and longer latency. The N1 amplitude and depressive levels are associated with STBs in FEAN-SZ patients. The N1 amplitude may serve as an early biological marker for STBs in SZ patients
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