Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Technoference Interacts with Parenting Practices to Predict Children's Attentional Control Indexed by Intraindividual Reaction Time Variability
Get PDFParenting practices and technoference are associated with the development of children's attentional control. Intraindividual reaction time variability (IIRTV) is an index of executive brain function and attentional control. Nonetheless, no study has examined the direct and interactive relationship between parenting practices, technoference, and IIRTV. This study examined this phenomenon in a representative sample of the parents of 191 typically developing Chinese children (aged 8-10 years). Parents completed the technoference questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Alabama parenting questionnaire. Children's attentional control was assessed by IIRTV in the Go/No-go and the heart and flower tasks. Resultantly, technoference and corporal punishment positively correlated with IIRTV. Technoference interacted with parenting behaviors to predict IIRTV. This study indicates that technoference has a direct negative association with the development of children's attentional control. It may also moderate the relation between parenting practices and children's attentional control. Technoference exhibited a direct negative association with the development of children's attentional control.Corporal punishment was positively related to intraindividual reaction time variability.Technoference moderated the relation between parenting practices and children's attentional control.</p
Graded and sharp transitions in semantic function in left temporal lobe
No full textRecent work has focussed on how patterns of functional change within the temporal lobe relate to whole-brain dimensions of intrinsic connectivity variation (Margulies et al., 2016). We examined two such 'connectivity gradients' reflecting the separation of (i) unimodal versus heteromodal and (ii) visual versus auditory-motor cortex, examining visually presented verbal associative and feature judgments, plus picture-based context and emotion generation. Functional responses along the first dimension sometimes showed graded change between modality-tuned and heteromodal cortex (in the verbal matching task), and other times showed sharp functional transitions, with deactivation at the extremes and activation in the middle of this gradient (internal generation). The second gradient revealed more visual than auditory-motor activation, regardless of content (associative, feature, context, emotion) or task process (matching/generation). We also uncovered subtle differences across each gradient for content type, which predominantly manifested as differences in relative magnitude of activation or deactivation.</p
Sex difference in association between suicide attempts and lipid profile in first-episode and drug naive patients with major depressive disorder
No full textBackground: The relationship between suicide attempts and lipid profiles in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in the relationship between suicide attempts and plasma lipid profiles in a large sample of first -episode and drug naive (FEDN) MDD patients. Methods: We recruited 1718 FEDN MDD patients and gathered demographic, clinical, and blood lipid data. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were used to assess the symptoms of patients. Results: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of suicide attempts between male and female MDD patients. The suicide attempt group had higher levels of depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, total cholesterol (TC), and low -density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but lower levels of high -density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than the non -suicide attempt group. Binary logistic regression showed that TC levels were significantly correlated with suicidal attempts in both male and female patients. Correlation analysis revealed that the levels of TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were significantly associated with the number of suicide attempts in both male and female patients. Further multiple linear regression revealed that TC levels were significantly associated with the number of suicide attempts in male patients only. Conclusions: Lipid biomarkers, particularly high TC levels, are associated with suicide attempts in both male and female MDD patients. However, there is gender difference in association between lipid biomarkers, especially TC levels, and the number of suicide attempts in MDD patients.</p
Impact of Commute Time,Commute Modes,and Commute Activities on Commuting Enjoyment
No full text通勤享受是衡量通勤积极效用的要素，是对现有通勤出行研究的重要补充。以通勤时耗、通勤方式及通勤活动3项重要指标作为研究对象设计通勤出行调查问卷，基于北京、上海、广州、深圳4个城市709份有效问卷数据研究对通勤享受的影响。使用SPSS 26.0软件和R语言4.1.3版对通勤享受量表进行信效度分析，并采用二次项回归和协方差分析进行不同群体通勤享受的差异检验。结果表明：通勤享受量表具有良好的信效度，通勤时耗与通勤享受存在非线性相关关系，通勤时耗约为29.5 min时通勤享受水平最高；不同通勤方式间通勤享受水平差异并不显著，步行和自行车出行并没有显示具有更高的通勤享受水平；相比于只进行通勤出行本身，在通勤过程中进行休闲娱乐活动能够显著提升通勤享受水平。最后，建议通过推进职住平衡、提高交通服务效率、改善通勤出行环境等措施改善通勤交通出行条件，以提高通勤享受水平、促进城市交通良性发展。</p
Effort expenditure modulates feedback evaluations involving self-other agreement: evidence from brain potentials and neural oscillations
No full textThe influence of effort expenditure on the subjective value in feedback involving material reward has been the focus of previous research. However, little is known about the impact of effort expenditure on subjective value evaluations when feedback involves reward that is produced in the context of social interaction (e.g. self-other agreement). Moreover, how effort expenditure influences confidence (second-order subjective value) in feedback evaluations remains unclear. Using electroencephalography, this study aimed to address these questions. Event-related potentials showed that, after exerting high effort, participants exhibited increased reward positivity difference in response to self-other (dis)agreement feedback. After exerting low effort, participants reported high confidence, and the self-other disagreement feedback evoked a larger P3a. Time-frequency analysis showed that the high-effort task evoked increased frontal midline theta power. In the low (vs. high)-effort task, the frontal midline delta power for self-other disagreement feedback was enhanced. These findings suggest that, at the early feedback evaluation stage, after exerting high effort, individuals exhibit an increased sensitivity of subjective value evaluation in response to self-other agreement feedback. At the later feedback evaluation stage, after completing the low-effort task, the self-other disagreement feedback violates the individuals'high confidence and leads to a metacognitive mismatch.</p
Brain Basis and Application of Students Combination of Work and Rest under Background of“Double Reductions”在线阅读 下载PDF OA链接
No full text“双减”政策为避免学生学习过劳护航，倡导学生劳逸结合，助力青少年快乐健康成长，而大脑默认模式网络（DMN）的发现为劳逸结合的学习提供了脑基础。DMN让大脑在集中注意力和发散思维之间自由切换，让大脑得到“经济”而“科学”的“休息”，高效学习离不开DMN参与。对DMN进行介绍，规避学习中不当的休息方式，避免无法正常进入DMN。并提出DMN在学生学习中运用的方式方法：科学安排课程、课间活动与合理设计教学内容；指导学生做“白日梦”与合理“发呆”；运用冥想和发散思维练习；使用小盹、小睡或锻炼等活动激活、切换、训练和引导大脑进入默认模式网络，促进学习。</p
A latent class analysis of dissociative PTSD subtype among Chinese adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown
No full textBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic and related policies have amplified the vulnerability of adolescents to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociation symptoms. This study sought to explore the profile patterns and psychopathological characteristics of co-occurring PTSD and dissociation symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Methods: A total of 57,984 junior and senior high school students in Deyang City, China were recruited between July 13 and July 19, 2020. PTSD and dissociation symptoms, risk factors, and functional impairment variables were assessed using the Global Psychotrauma Screen for Teenagers (GPS-T) instrument. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to examine the phenomenology and risk factors of co-occurring PTSD and dissociation symptoms. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to investigate differences in COVID-19 pandemic-related exposure and functional impairment across distinct symptom profiles. Results: A 4-class model was selected as the optimal solution, comprising subgroups of low symptom, predominant PTSD symptom, predominant dissociation symptom, and PTSD-dissociation symptom. Class membership could be significantly predicted by other stressful experiences, social support, childhood maltreatment and psychiatric histories. The PTSD-dissociation symptom class exhibited the most severe COVID-19 pandemicrelated exposure and functional impairment among all classes. Limitations: The cross-sectional design, Chinese cultural background, online survey method and oversimple measurements were the limitations. Conclusions: Our findings extend existing knowledge about the coexisting patterns of PTSD and dissociation symptoms in adolescents, which could assist in identifying high-risk youths. Furthermore, our findings offer recommendations for shaping public health policies and formulating effective clinical interventions for adolescents following the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.</p
Article The dual facilitatory and inhibitory effects of social pain on physical pain perception
No full textPain is a multi -dimensional phenomenon that encompasses both physical pain experienced physiologically and social pain experienced emotionally. The interactions between them are thought to lead to increased pain load. However, the effect of social pain on physical pain perception during interactions remains unclear. Four experiments were conducted merging physical and social pains to examine the behavioral pattern and neural mechanism of the effect of social pain on physical pain perception. Seemingly paradoxical effects of social pain were observed, which both facilitated and inhibited physical pain perception under different attention orientations. Brain imaging revealed that the posterior insula encoded the facilitatory effect, whereas the frontal pole engaged in the inhibitory effect. At a higher level, the thalamus further modulated both processes, playing a switch -like role under different concern statuses of social pain. These results provide direct evidence for the dual -pathway mechanism of the effect of social pain on physical pain.</p
Relationship between perceived social support and perception of social norm violation in college students
No full text目的 探究大学生的领悟社会支持与对他人违反社会规范行为感知之间的关系。方法 选取苏北地区175名高校大学生作为研究对象，采用领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）考察大学生的领悟社会支持水平，采用社会规范违反任务记录评级分数。采用弱社会规范违反行为与适当行为原始评分之差（简称WSN），强社会规范违反行为与适当行为原始评分之差（简称SSN）作为检测社会规范违反敏感性的指标，采用相关分析和回归分析检测大学生的领悟社会支持与对他人违反社会规范行为感知之间的关系。结果 大学生的领悟社会支持量表及其各维度评分与WSN、SSN均呈负相关（r=-0.713～-0.387;P<0.01）。领悟社会支持量表及其各维度评分对于WSN、SSN均有负向预测作用（P<0.001）。结论 领悟社会支持对大学生社会规范违反行为感知有重要的预测作用，个体领悟社会支持能力越强，其对违反社会规范行为的评级分数越低，表现为对违反社会规范行为的评价越严格，对违反社会规范行为的感知也越敏感。</p
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