Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Relationship between Negative Grandparent-Mother Co-parenting and Children’s Externalizing Problem Behavior: Mediating Role of Maternal Burnout and Moderating Role of Maternal Psychological Flexibility
Get PDF目的：探讨祖辈-父辈消极共同养育与儿童外化问题行为的关系以及母亲养育倦怠和养育心理灵活性在二者关系中的作用机制。方法：采用祖辈-父辈共同养育关系量表、简式养育倦怠量表、父母养育心理灵活性问卷、儿童长处和困难问卷对601名小学生母亲进行测量。结果：(1)祖辈-父辈消极共同养育与儿童外化问题行为显著正相关；(2)母亲养育倦怠在祖辈-父辈消极共同养育与儿童外化问题行为之间起完全中介作用；(3)母亲的养育心理灵活性对祖辈-父辈消极共同养育与儿童外化问题行为中介路径的前半段的调节效应显著，即母亲养育心理灵活性较低时，祖辈-父辈消极共同养育显著正向影响母亲养育倦怠，而随着母亲养育心理灵活性提高，影响作用不再显著。当母亲养育心理灵活性高到一定水平时，祖辈-父辈消极共同养育反而对母亲养育倦怠呈现显著的负向作用。结论：母亲的养育倦怠及养育心理灵活性在祖辈-父辈消极共同养育对儿童外化问题行为的影响中起到有调节的中介作用。</p
Unraveling the associations between voice pitch and major depressive disorder: a multisite genetic study
No full textMajor depressive disorder (MDD) often goes undiagnosed due to the absence of clear biomarkers. We sought to identify voice biomarkers for MDD and separate biomarkers indicative of MDD predisposition from biomarkers reflecting current depressive symptoms. Using a two-stage meta-analytic design to remove confounds, we tested the association between features representing vocal pitch and MDD in a multisite case-control cohort study of Chinese women with recurrent depression. Sixteen features were replicated in an independent cohort, with absolute association coefficients (beta values) from the combined analysis ranging from 0.24 to 1.07, indicating moderate to large effects. The statistical significance of these associations remained robust, with P values ranging from 7.2 x 10-6 to 6.8 x 10-58. Eleven features were significantly associated with current depressive symptoms. Using genotype data, we found that this association was driven in part by a genetic correlation with MDD. Significant voice features, reflecting a slower pitch change and a lower pitch, achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.90 (sensitivity of 0.85 and specificity of 0.81) in MDD classification. Our results return vocal features to a more central position in clinical and research work on MDD
The Impact of Employee Authenticity on Work Performance: A Meta-analysis and Context-based Simulation Study
No full text公众和学术界越来越关注个体的真实性，尤其是在工作场所。人们一直对于员工做真实的自我抱有积极的预期，期待员工真实性（定义为在职场中，员工可以不受阻碍地表现其自我最真切、最核心的部分）对工作绩效的促进作用得到证实。然而，基于多项研究相互矛盾的结论，员工真实性对绩效的积极相关受到质疑。此外，基于已有的横断面研究，无法证实员工真实性影响工作绩效的因果机制。对于上述不足，本论文开展两个研究来确定员工真实性对工作绩效的积极影响及其因果机制。
研究一整合了已有的实证研究，通过元分析系统地分析了员工真实性与工作绩效之间的关系，并考察了其边界条件。结果发现，员工真实性对工作绩效的正向预测作用显著，也就是说工作中的真实性可以促进绩效。这种促进受到绩效测量方式的调节，具体来说，员工真实性能够促进工作绩效，无论绩效的测量方式是领导评价量表、自我评价量表还是行为实验指标，但这种促进作用在自我评价绩效时体现得最为明显，在行为任务指代绩效时次之，在领导评价绩效时稍显逊色。研究一还发现了一些不显著的结果，表现为：测量真实性时是否纳入接受外部影响维度以及地域文化差异（个人主义与集体主义），不会显著影响员工真实 性对工作绩效的促进作用。研究二通过情境模拟行为实验，利用高低真实性两类事件情境，挖掘了员工真实性促进工作绩效的因果证据。实验结果发现，对员工真实性的操纵显著，相比于低真实性情境而言，员工在高真实性情境中更加能够做真实的自己。在此基础上，发现员工在真实性高的时候，工作绩效要比在真实性低的时候更好，也就是在因果上证明了员工的真实性可以促进工作绩效，而高真实性的女员工会比高真实性的男员工有更好的工作表现。进一步分析发现，在低真实性情境中，员工真实性的增高会引起自我损耗，并通过自我损耗提升工作绩效，而自我损耗的中介效应则受到员工性别的调节，即只在男性员工中发现了 这一中介机制。
本研究深入探讨了员工真实性对工作绩效的积极影响及其机制，具有重要的理论意义。首先，通过元分析技术，整合了员工真实性的多项研究，得出了员工真实性对工作绩效具有显著促进作用的总体结论，增强了该结论的可信度和稳定性，为员工真实性的积极效应提供了更全面、准确的研究支持。其次，通过情境模拟实验，进一步验证了员工真实性对工作绩效的促进作用，并揭示了其中的因果机制，这一发现填补了相关研究领域的空白，为理论构建提供了新的实证依据。此外，实验还揭示了自我损耗的中介作用和性别的调节作用，这些新发现有助于推动积极组织行为学理论的发展，为未来的研究提供了新的视角和思考路径。最后，研究结果带来了一些实践管理的启示，体现在员工做真实的自我、组织营造良好的氛围、多元科学地评价绩效以及关注性别差异
Intelligent device input assistive technology for self-directed learning of people with motor impairments
No full text随着互联网的普及与智能辅助技术的广泛应用，教育已突破地域与时空的限制，这为满足残障学生因个体差异对教育方式的多样化需求，实施个性化的教育支持策略，提供了更多可能性。教育信息化推动残障人士对智能终端设备的有效利用，进而提升其享受普惠教育资源的机遇，增强其自主学习能力。当前，诸如智能手机，电脑等主流智能终端通过安装相应的应用程序， 不仅为健全人的生活提供了便利，其普及性和便捷性也为障碍者提供很好的学习支持和沟通辅助。然而，主流智能终端仍然采用键盘输入和触摸屏输入等适用于双手操作的交互技术，用户需要使用手部在界面上进行精细化动作。这对手部不便的上半身运动障碍者而言，存在无障碍使用挑战。故而，在教育信息化的时代背景下，本文致力于为运动残障者的教育与发展提供更具实用性的辅助技术支持，激发障碍学生的内在潜能，从而有效促进其自主学习的效果与自我认同的提升。
本文综合运用定性与定量研究方法，聚焦于用户参与视角，研究适合上半身运动障碍者使用智能设备的输入辅助技术。考虑到上半身运动障碍者的手部交互能力多样性，本文根据其对文本输入能力由易到难的程度递进，聚焦以下三个子研究，深入探索替代交互方案。
研究一提出在现有的标准 QWERTY 键盘上增加键盘操作区域屏幕映射功能，通过减少输入中的注意力资源分配进而提高单手操作情景下文本输入效率。本研究通过眼动追踪分析发现，新的交互方式比原方式少了占用 15%
左右的注意资源的路径用时，且文本输入用时随练习次数增加显著缩短。因 此，当新的交互习惯建立后，两种输入方式下文本输入效率相同时，新的键盘 交互方式文本输入效率可以节省15% 。研究二关注辅助沟通系统 （Augmentative and Alternative Communication，AAC）用户对近期研究者提出的高技术 AAC 多模态文本生成系统的交互体验，情感反应和认知过程，探 究通过优化文本输入交互方式改善运动障碍者沟通能力，增进其社会交往机 率。研究结果显示该系统具有良好的稳定性，大大节省了用户使用键盘输入的按键次数并提高了用户对文本生成系统的满意度和接受度，为改进和优化沟通系统更贴近用户交互习惯提供建议。研究三以运动障碍类型之一的肌张力障碍者为中心，采用最大化猜想方法探索该群体利用基于身体姿势与智能手机自然交互技术的交互偏好。结果显示，肌张力障碍者因其面部肌张力异常，交互姿势的选择有自己的特定偏好，并得出了一套交互头势集。本研究的发现为智能终端自然交互技术的通用设计提供了有益的指导。
本研究有助于上半身运动障碍者与主流智能设备之间实现更加人性化的交互，提升交互体验，提高智能终端的使用率。这不仅能促进包括残障者在内的多样化群体平等使用智能技术，也有助于优化教学方式，提升障碍者自主学习能力和学习成效，促进其身心发展
More children, more blessings? The effect of children on depression symptom in old age
No full text中国已进入深度人口老龄化阶段，人口老龄化带给国家与社会巨大挑战。随着老龄化加剧，老年人身心健康问题及随之而来养老问题已受到社会各界关注。由于深受儒家思想影响，多子多福是中国根深蒂固理念，人们普遍认为孩子数量越多越积极影响老年父母健康。随着经济社会发展和生育观念改变，特别是近几年生育政策放开，子女数量是否保护老年人心理健康，受到社会广泛关注。本研究利用中国健康与退休纵向研究(CHARLS)数据，利用中国人生育偏好选择工具变量并建立工具变量回归模型，深入剖析子女数量对老年人抑郁症状的影响，并进一步利用子女情感支持建立中介效应模型，深入探讨子女数量与老年人抑郁症状关系作用机制。
研究 1：利用 CHARLS 2018 年数据，分别利用两个工具变量（研究 1a 用前两胎有无男孩；研究 1b 用前两胎性别异同）作为子女数量的工具变量，用两阶段回归法，探讨子女数量对老年人抑郁症状的影响，并按受访者年龄、性别、婚 姻状况、受教育程度、城乡等做了分类分析，并用 2011 年数据作稳定性检验。
研究 2：在研究 1 的结果基础上做了进一步分析，将子女情感支持视为子女支持质量，并将其单独区分出来，采用 SPSS 相关分析法，建立中介效应模型，进一步探讨子女情感支持在子女数量与老年抑郁之间的中介作用。
研究结果表明：(1)中国人普遍存在男孩和儿女双全生育偏好；(2)男孩生育偏好强于儿女双全生育偏好，儿女双全生育偏好随年代呈上升趋势；(3)基准Probit 回归表明，子女数量显著降低老年抑郁症状，但采用工具变量回归后显示子女数量没显著影响老年人抑郁症状；(4)子女情感支持中介效应研究表明，子女情感支持在子女数量对老年抑郁症状影响中中介效应显著，子女情感支持完全 中介子女数量与老年抑郁症状。
本研究利用 CHARLS 2018 年数据，分别运用两个工具变量回归分析，并按 照受访者年龄、性别、婚姻状况、城乡、受教育程度等因素分类分析，得一致结果，采用 2011 年数据检验稳定性，结果与 2018 年数据结果一致。本研究强调子女支持质量而非子女数量改善老年人抑郁症状，这些结论将对老年人抑郁状况管理及我国社会养老提供理论借鉴
ENIGMA-Chronic Pain: a worldwide initiative to identify brain correlates of chronic pain
No full textOxytocin modulation of explicit pandemic stigma in men with varying social anxiety levels
No full textObjective: Stigma can create divisions within societies, hindering social cohesion and cooperation. Notably, it has significant public health implications, especially during infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19. However, little is known about the neural and molecular basis of disease-related stigma and their association with individual differences. Methods: To address this gap, we performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design study with 70 males, to investigate the effect of intranasal oxytocin (OT) administration on the explicit and implicit processing of disease-related stigma (i.e., COVID-19 stigma). After self-administrated 24 IU of OT or placebo, participants completed a stigma evaluation task and an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to assess the explicit and implicit processes of stigma evaluation, respectively. Results: The results showed that oxytocin amplified the differences between participants with high and low social anxiety in explicit COVID-19 stigma, with a higher inclination to attribute the stigmatized status of the stigmatized targets (i.e., COVID-19 related group) to personal causes in high social anxiety individuals, but reduced blame towards the stigmatized targets in low social anxiety individuals under oxytocin compared to placebo treatment. Furthermore, oxytocin strengthened the connections between responsibility attribution and the other processes (i.e., emotional, approach motivation, social deviance). While no modulation of oxytocin on implicit stigma emerged, oxytocin did modulate the associations between specific dimensions of explicit stigma (i.e., social deviance and approach motivation) and implicit stigma. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that intranasal oxytocin administration could temporally impact the explicit cognitive judgment in disease-related stigma but not the implicit aspect; furthermore, it modulated in distinct ways in individuals with different levels of social anxiety. These findings highlight the trait-dependent oxytocin modulation on disease-related stigma, implying that oxytocin is partly involved in the endocrine system of disease-related stigma. By unraveling the molecular basis of stigma and its association with individual traits, such as social anxiety, we can tailor interventions to meet specific needs of different individuals in the future.</p
Association between auditory P300 event-related potential and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in first-episode antipsychotic-na?ve patients with schizophrenia
No full textObjective: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are critical concern in schizophrenia (SZ). Concurrent changes in event-related potential (ERP), particularly the P300 (P3) components, have been observed in SZ patients, but the association between these changes and STBs remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationships between P3 components and STBs in first-episode antipsychotic-na & iuml;ve SZ (FEAN-SZ) patients. Methods: The study included 321 FEAN-SZ patients and 146 healthy controls (HC). Sociodemographic data, clinical assessments, and ERP P3 components (N1, P3a, and P3b) were collected. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), while depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Results: Compared to HC, FEAN-SZ patients exhibited lower N1 and P3 amplitudes and longer latencies (all p(s) < 0.001). Patients with STBs exhibited higher scores on negative, general psychopathology, PANSS total and HAMD, decreased N1 and P3a amplitudes, as well as prolonged P3a and P3b latencies compared to those without STBs (all p(s) < 0.001). The P3a latency predicted the general psychopathology scores ((3 = 0.103, p < 0.001), and the N1 amplitude predicted the HAMD scores ((3 = -1.057, p = 0.001), both exclusively within the STBs group. Logistic regression analysis identified that N1 amplitude (Beta = -0.132, p = 0.018, OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.01-1.04) and HAMD scores (Beta = 0.068, p = 0.001, OR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.03-1.11) as independent predictors of STBs in FEAN-SZ patients. Combining these variables yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUCROC) curve of 0.840 for distinguishing between patients with and without STBs. Conclusions: FEAN-SZ patients with STBs have lower P3 amplitude and longer latency. The N1 amplitude and depressive levels are associated with STBs in FEAN-SZ patients. The N1 amplitude may serve as an early biological marker for STBs in SZ patients.</p
Understanding the Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Perceived Stress: The Serial Multiple Mediating Roles of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Psychological Flexibility
No full textAlthough research suggests that trait mindfulness has been negatively associated with perceived stress, an integrative examination of the underlying mechanisms is lacking. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to establish an integrative model within Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). This model examined the relationship between trait mindfulness and perceived stress by assessing two important psychological resources: basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS) and psychological flexibility. A total of 679 young adults (Mage = 19.27 years, SD = 1.06) participated in this research. They completed a set of standardized instruments that assessed trait mindfulness, BPNS, psychological flexibility, and perceived stress. Serial multiple mediation analyses showed that trait mindfulness was associated with higher levels of BPNS and psychological flexibility, which in turn were associated with less perceived stress. Furthermore, the path coefficient of the serial multiple mediation was higher than other pathways. These findings demonstrate that BPNS and psychological flexibility are important mechanisms that underlie the relationship between trait mindfulness and perceived stress, particularly when they are synergistic.</p
Attentional network deficits in patients with migraine: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
No full textBackgroundPatients with migraine often experience not only headache pain but also cognitive dysfunction, particularly in attention, which is frequently overlooked in both diagnosis and treatment. The influence of these attentional deficits on the pain-related clinical characteristics of migraine remains poorly understood, and clarifying this relationship could improve care strategies.MethodsThis study included 52 patients with migraine and 34 healthy controls. We employed the Attentional Network Test for Interactions and Vigilance-Executive and Arousal Components paradigm, combined with electroencephalography, to assess attentional deficits in patients with migraine, with an emphasis on phasic alerting, orienting, executive control, executive vigilance, and arousal vigilance. An extreme gradient boosting binary classifier was trained on features showing group differences to distinguish patients with migraine from healthy controls. Moreover, an extreme gradient boosting regression model was developed to predict clinical characteristics of patients with migraine using their attentional deficit features.ResultsFor general performance, patients with migraine presented a larger inverse efficiency score, a higher prestimulus beta-band power spectral density and a lower gamma-band event-related synchronization at Cz electrode, and stronger high alpha-band activity at the primary visual cortex, compared to healthy controls. Although no behavior differences in three basic attentional networks were found, patients showed magnified N1 amplitude and prolonged latency of P2 for phasic alerting-trials as well as an increased orienting evoked-P1 amplitude. For vigilance function, improvements in the hit rate of executive vigilance-trials were exhibited in controls but not in patients. Besides, patients with migraine exhibited longer reaction time as well as larger variability in arousal vigilance-trials than controls. The binary classifier developed by such attentional deficit features achieved an F1 score of 0.762 and an accuracy of 0.779 in distinguishing patients with migraine from healthy controls. Crucially, the predicted value available from the regression model involving attentional deficit features significantly correlated with the real value for the frequency of headache.ConclusionsPatients with migraine demonstrated significant attentional deficits, which can be used to differentiate migraine patients from healthy populations and to predict clinical characteristics. These findings highlight the need to address cognitive dysfunction, particularly attentional deficits, in the clinical management of migraine.</p
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