Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Timing matters in stress appraisal: The relationship between retrospective appraisal and stress responses
No full textBackground: Although psychosocial stressors are known to impact task performance and trigger neuroendocrine responses, the dynamic nature of the stress appraisal process is often neglected in research. Goal: This study aims to explore whether self-reported appraisals at various time points can accurately represent an individual's behavioral and physiological stress responses. Methods: A total of 137 participants were recruited to induce individual stress states using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Self-reported appraisals were measured both before (anticipatory appraisal) and after the stressor (retrospective appraisal) to capture the dynamic process. Concurrently, participants' cortisol responses and task performances were documented. Results: Findings indicate that anticipatory appraisal does not significantly reflect task performance. In contrast, retrospective appraisal is strongly associated with the performance of corresponding tasks. Regarding cortisol levels, significantly negative results of multiple regression analysis revealed that the retrospective appraisal of the speech task is the sole variable to represent the cortisol response under stress. Discussion: The results highlight that retrospective appraisals could represent individuals' behavioral and physiological responses to stressors more accurately than anticipatory appraisals. These findings provide empirical evidence for choosing the appropriate timing to acquire accurate self-reported appraisals and also help to build a mapping relationship between self-reported, behavioral, and physiological data.</p
The Effect of Intervention on Episodic Future Thinking: A Meta-analysis
No full textBackgroundEpisodic future thinking (EFT) has important functions in people's daily life and was found to be impaired in patients with psychiatric diseases. Studies have been carried out to improve EFT, while results were mixed. The present study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to examine the overall effect of intervention on EFT, and potential moderators.MethodsA literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases to identify relevant studies that were published up to June 18, 2024. Controlled intervention studies, pre-post studies, and case series studies were included. We focused on studies recruiting participants aged 16 or higher.ResultsA total of 30 studies involving 1881 participants were included. Results showed that most of the included studies used cognitive intervention. Intervention improved overall EFT, with a medium to large effect size [SMD = 0.61, 95% CI (0.49, 0.72), I2 = 57.16%]. The effect was still significant at follow-up, with a near medium effect size [SMD = 0.46, 95% CI (0.19, 0.72), I2 = 58.16%]. Moderator and meta-regression analyses showed that length of training (p = 0.775), type of participants (p = 0.798), and mean age of participants (p = 0.826) were not associated with the intervention effect.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis indicates that cognitive intervention had a positive effect on EFT, and the improvements could be maintained at follow-up. But no significant moderators were found. Further studies are needed to identify more effective and individualized interventions to improve EFT.</p
Multi-level processing of emotions in life motion signals revealed through pupil responses
No full textPerceiving emotions from the movements of other biological entities is critical for human survival and interpersonal interactions. Here, we report that emotional information conveyed by point-light biological motion (BM) triggered automatic physiological responses as reflected in pupil size. Specifically, happy BM evoked larger pupil size than neutral and sad BM, while sad BM induced a smaller pupil response than neutral BM. Moreover, this happy over sad pupil dilation effect is negatively correlated with individual autistic traits. Notably, emotional BM with only local motion features retained could also exert modulations on pupils. Compared with intact BM, both happy and sad local BM evoked stronger pupil responses than neutral local BM starting from an earlier time point, with no difference between the happy and sad conditions. These results revealed a fine-grained pupil-related emotional modulation induced by intact BM and a coarse but rapid modulation by local BM, demonstrating multi-level processing of emotions in life motion signals. Taken together, our findings shed new light on BM emotion processing, and highlight the potential of utilizing the emotion-modulated pupil response to facilitate the diagnosis of social cognitive disorders.</p
Educational Quality of the University of the Third Age and Subjective Well-being: Based on a Perspective of Self-determination
No full textObjectiveDeveloping education for older adults is considered a major initiative to actively cope with issues of aging issue and improve the quality of later life. The quality of education in later life can affect subjective well-being (SWB) of participants. The current study attempts to examine the association between the quality of education for middle-aged and older adults and SWB and relevant mechanisms in China.MethodsUsing a nationally representative sample of the University of the Third Age (U3A), this study explored the association between the perceived educational quality of the U3A and SWB, represented by life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms, and examined the mediating roles of satisfaction with basic psychological needs, including autonomy, competence, and relatedness, based on the self-determination perspective. Finally, 21,482 members aged 50 years and older from 30 U3As in 25 provincial-level regions completed validly the survey.ResultsThe perceived quality of education in the U3A predicted members' SWB; satisfaction with autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs mediated the above associations, simultaneously; compared to competence and relatedness, autonomy showed a stronger mediating effect.DiscussionThese findings provide a novel perspective for exploring the mechanisms through which lifelong education affects mental health and provide insights for policymakers and governments to actively cope with issues of aging.</p
Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in First-Episode and Drug-Naive Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
No full textObjective Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric symptom worldwide, and the coexistence of MDD with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common in clinical practice. However, gender differences in comorbid MetS in first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) MDD patients have not been reported. Here, we explored potential gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of comorbid MetS in FEDN MDD patients.
Methods A cross-sectional study of 1718 FEDN MDD patients was conducted. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive subscale were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms, respectively.
Results The prevalence of MetS was 1.645-fold higher in female MDD patients (38.50%) than in male patients (26.53%). Patients with MetS had higher HAMD score, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive subscale score than patients without MetS (p values < .001). Furthermore, suicide attempts (male: odds ratio [OR] = 1.706, p = .034; female: OR = 1.639, p = .004) and HAMD score (male: OR = 1.251, p < .001; female: OR = 1.148, p < .001) were independently associated with MetS in male and female patients, whereas age of onset was independently associated with MetS only in female patients (OR = 1.744, p = .047).
Conclusions Our findings suggest significant gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of comorbid MetS in FEDN MDD patients. Clinical variables (suicide attempts and HAMD scores) may be independently associated with MetS in MDD patients
How place attachment affects pro-environmental behaviors: The role of empathy with nature and nature relatedness
Get PDFResidents' participation in pro-environment behaviors (PEBs), as an indispensable part of solving urban environmental problems, is important for cities to promote sustainable development. Place attachment (PA) could play a pivotal role in encouraging residents' PEBs, yet the conclusions are inconsistent. The present study explores the research gaps on how place attachment affects residents' decision-making of engaging in PEBs. This study employs a combined approach of survey and experimental studies, and integrates empathy with nature and nature relatedness to gain a deeper comprehension of the underlying mechanisms. In Study 1, using large-scale data collected in Beijing (n = 1,128), we found that place attachment was positively correlated with PEBs through the role of empathy with nature and nature relatedness. To further examine the causal link, we manipulated place attachment using a scenario simulation approach in Study 2 (n = 230). Our results demonstrate the robust causal link between place attachment and PEBs. In addition, we further validated the sequential mediating role of both empathy with nature and nature relatedness in this relationship. This study opens new avenues for local government to improve environmental management. The findings are further explored in terms of both theoretical and practical implications.</p
The mediating role of rumination between childhood trauma experiences and cognitive impairment of patients with schizophrenia
No full text目的 探讨精神分裂症患者童年创伤经历与认知功能损害及反刍思维的中介作用。方法 选取2020年1月～2022年10月，精神专科医院收治的132例精神分裂症患者。采用童年创伤问卷（Childhood Trauma Questionnaire,CTQ），反刍反应量表（Ruminative Response Scale,RRS），阳性与阴性症状量表（Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale,PANSS），可重复的成套神经心理状态测量（Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuro psychological Status,RBANS）量表评估患者的童年创伤，反刍思维，阳性阴性症状和认知功能。结果 有童年创伤经历组精神分裂症患者的反刍症状，强迫思考，反省深思高于无童年创伤经历组（均P<0.001）；有童年创伤经历组PANSS总分和因子分高于无童年创伤经历组（均P<0.01）。有童年创伤经历组的RBANS总分及因子分即刻记忆，空间结构，语言，注意力，延迟记忆得分高于无童年创伤经历组（均P<0.01）。线性回归分析显示反刍思维在童年创伤经历与认知功能之间起中介作用（P<0.001）。结论 有童年创伤经历的精神分裂症患者的认知功能低于无童年创伤经历组，反刍思维在童年创伤经历与认知功能之间起中介作用。</p
Assessment and Improvement of Adolescent Mental Health Literacy
No full text促进学生心身健康、全面发展，是党中央关心，人民群众关切，社会关注的重大课题。“普及心理健康知识、提升心理健康素养是提高全民心理健康水平最根本、最经济、最有效的措施之一”。青少年期不仅是心理健康问题的高风险期，也是提升心理健康素养关键期，探讨青少年心理健康素养的评估与提升具有重要 的实践意义。
本研究分为三个部分。预研究为质性研究，目的是探索青少年心理健康素养的内涵。通过对青少年以及心理健康工作者共19人进行半结构式访谈，在访谈资 料达到饱和后，以扎根理论为方法论对访谈资料进行分析，获得开放性编码126个，概念范畴47个，核心范畴9个，探析了我国青少年心理健素养的内涵及外延。结果发现，青少年心理健康素养是一个多维的概念，包括知识、技能和态度三个方面。青少年的心理健康素养知识水平体现在了解身心健康的概念、辨别有助于和不利于身心健康的因素，以及了解与心理疾病、心理健康相关的知识。具备良好技能的青少年能够识别常见的心理疾病，并采取正确的行动维持和促进心理健康。持有积极态度的青少年重视心理健康，并持有积极的心理疾病预防和治疗态度，不对心理疾病和患者持有污名化态度。
研究一在预研究的基础上，编制适用于评估我国青少年心理健康素养的问卷，通过对采集的 1091 份青少年有效问卷进行分析，编制的《青少年心理健康素养 问卷》信度与效度指标良好。问卷分为三个部分，一是知识判断题 30 题，主要考察青少年心理健康素养的知识水平，具体涉及身心健康、心理健康与心理疾病概念、心理疾病成因与危险因素、心理疾病治疗、危机干预与自杀预防、儿童心理健康、积极心理健康知识点。二是技能态度自评量表，23 题。通过里克特量表考察青少年维持和促进自身心理健康的能力以及对待心理健康的态度，具体分为五个维度：情绪觉察、情绪调节、污名化、求助意愿和态度和心理健康意识，自评量表内部一致性系数为 0.87，各维度的内部一致性系数介于 0.81~0.88 之间。 三是案例题 2 组，考察了青少年对抑郁症和社会焦虑障碍两类心理疾病的识别能力。
研究二在前两部分研究的基础上，设计了线下讨论和线上授课相结合的心理健康素养提升课程，在学校中随机选取初二年级的2个班级分别作为干预组与对照组，使用研究一中编制的问卷进行前后测，并进行了30天后的追踪评估。结果发现，该课程对青少年的心理健康知识水平具有较大的提升，多项指标在干预组与对照组之间差异显著；且时间组别主效应显著，证明干预课程对青少年心理健 康素养的提升并不是暂时的，具有一定持续性。
研究结论：青少年心理健康素养包含知识、技能和态度三个维度。《青少年心理健康素养问卷》能够有效评估青少年心理健康素养。以线下讨论和线上授课 相结合的心理健康素养提升课程能够有效提升青少年的心理健康素养水平
The Comparison and Mechanism of Promoting Methods of Prospective Memory in Children
No full text前瞻记忆指个体记得在特定时间完成意图行动的能力。最近的研究表明，儿童前瞻记忆的常见提升方法包括未来情景想象、提醒与提升线索显著性等，然而每种方法的效应并不一致。目前，缺乏研究在儿童群体中探讨不同提升方法的效应大小、提升机制和影响因素，比较不同提升方法的效应与机制有助于理解提升方法间机制的差异，也将为儿童选择合适的促进方法提供理论支持。本论文将通过三个研究尝试回答这些问题。
研究一对儿童青少年前瞻记忆提升方法的研究进行了元分析，筛选出了未来情景想象（6 篇）、线索显著性（7 篇）与提醒（8 篇）共 21 篇文章。结果发现三种提升方法对儿童青少年前瞻记忆表现的促进效应大小相似。其中，未来情景想象的方法有中到大的效应，组内异质性较小；线索显著性的效应较大，但组内异质性较大；提醒有中到大的效应，组内异质性较大。随着年龄的增长，提醒的促进效应随之增加。此外，线索聚焦性是线索显著性效应的调节变量之一，即聚焦条件下线索显著性的效应高于非聚焦条件。
研究二选择了自上而下起作用的“未来情景想象”方法与自下而上起作用的 “线索显著性”方法，考察了这两种方法对学龄儿童事件前瞻记忆的促进效应和 作用机制，以及儿童执行功能水平对促进效应的影响。研究招募了 126 名 8-12
岁儿童，随机分为标准组（接受标准指导语）、线索显著组（前瞻记忆线索显著性增加）和未来情景想象组（对前瞻记忆任务的环境和完成过程进行想象）。结果发现，在电脑游戏和电脑试次任务中，线索显著性组的表现优于未来情景想象与标准组，而未来情景想象与标准组无差别。在情境任务中，两种提升方法均没有显著促进作用。显著性没有增加个体认知资源的损耗，并且个体的执行功能水平对线索显著性的促进作用无显著影响。综上，在学龄儿童事件前瞻记忆任务中，线索显著性在电脑试次任务与电脑游戏任务中表现出显著促进作用，而未来情景想象没有表现出促进作用。
研究三继续考察未来情景想象与线索显著性对学龄儿童时间前瞻记忆的促进作用，以及儿童执行功能水平对促进效应的影响。与研究二类似，126 名 8-12
岁学龄儿童被随机分到标准组、线索显著组和未来情景想象组。结果发现，线索显著性组的前瞻记忆表现显著优于未来情景想象与标准组，未来情景想象没有显著促进作用。线索显著性没有增加对个体认知资源的损耗，但时间监控次数显著减少，提示显著线索在时间前瞻记忆任务中发挥了认知减负的作用。在电脑游戏任务中，较高工作记忆水平的个体更能够利用显著线索提升前瞻记忆表现。综上，在学龄儿童时间前瞻记忆中，线索显著性表现出稳定的促进作用，而未来情景想象没有显著促进作用。
本文对儿童青少年前瞻记忆的多种提升方法进行了归纳总结，并通过实验研究探讨了两种促进方法对学龄儿童事件和时间前瞻记忆的提升效应与机制，主要有三点发现。首先，元分析研究发现，线索显著性、未来情景想象与提醒表现出相似的促进效应，线索聚焦性对线索显著性的促进效应有调节作用。其次，在学龄儿童的事件前瞻记忆中，线索显著性对前瞻记忆电脑任务的表现促进作用稳定，且作用机制相对自动化，但在情境任务中无促进效应。未来情景想象方法在电脑任务与情境任务中均无显著促进作用。第三，在学龄儿童的时间前瞻记忆中，线索显著性具有稳定的促进作用和自动化的促进机制。时间线索显著时，儿童能够主动调整认知资源的分配减少时间监控次数。未来情景想象方法在电脑任务与情境任务中依然没有促进作用，上述研究结果增进了对儿童前瞻记忆不同提升方法影响因素与作用机制的理解，为未来在不同场景中应用合适的提升方法提供了科 学依据
Leader trait affective presence and safety behaviors: The role of work engagement
No full textDue to the potential influence of motivation on employee safety behaviors and safety outcomes, exploring the antecedents that affect employees’ motivational states is critical in the workplace safety. Considering the significant role of leaders and their interpersonal emotion-related characteristics, our research introduces the construct of leader trait affective presence and investigates its effects on employee safety behaviors via work engagement. In a multisource study based on 467 dyads of leaders and their employees in a nuclear power plant, we tested and supported hypotheses that leader positive affective presence was positively related to employee work engagement, whereas leader negative affective presence was negatively related to employee work engagement. And work engagement was positively related to safety behaviors. Furthermore, leader affective presence has an indirect effect on employee safety outcomes via work engagement. These findings indicate the theoretical value of leader trait affective presence in shaping employee motivational state and further safety behaviors, as well as practical implications for safety organizations.</p
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