Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The network characteristics in schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms: a multimodal fusion study
No full textPrevious studies on putative neural mechanisms of negative symptoms in schizophrenia mainly used single modal imaging data, and seldom utilized schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms (PNS).This study adopted the multimodal fusion method and recruited a homogeneous sample with PNS. We aimed to identify negative symptoms-related structural and functional neural correlates of schizophrenia. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) were performed in 31 schizophrenia patients with PNS and 33 demographically matched healthy controls.Compared to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients with PNS exhibited significantly altered functional activations in the default mode network (DMN) and had structural gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Correlational analyses showed that negative symptoms severity was significantly correlated with the cerebello-thalamo-cortical structural network, but not with the DMN network in schizophrenia patients with PNS.Our findings highlight the important role of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical structural network underpinning the neuropathology of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Future research should recruit a large sample and schizophrenia patients without PNS, and apply adjustments for multiple comparison, to verify our preliminary findings
PENG ZU Study on Healthy Aging in China (PENG ZU Cohort): Design and Goals
No full textLife expectancy is increasing, leading to the continuous aging of the population in China. Enhancing the health status of the older population is crucial to achieving healthy aging. The primary objective of the PENG ZU Study on Healthy Aging in China (PENG ZU Cohort) is to understand the natural progression of health status among the aging Chinese population. Specifically, the PENG ZU cohort aims to identify and validate multidimensional aging markers, uncover the underlying mechanisms of systemic aging and functional decline, and develop novel strategies and measures to delay functional decline and adverse health outcomes, while maintaining overall good health. The PENG ZU cohort consists of 26,000 individuals aged 25 to 89 years from seven major geographical regions in China. Diversified data and biospecimens are collected according to standardized procedures at baseline and follow-up visits. Baseline recruitment for the PENG ZU cohort was completed in October 2021. The extensive analysis of multidimensional health-related data and bioresources collected from the cohort is anticipated to develop methods for evaluating functional status and elucidating multilevel, cross-scale interactions and regulatory mechanisms of healthy aging. The findings from this study will enhance the understanding of health changes due to aging, facilitate efficient and effective interventions to maintain functional ability, and reduce the incidence and severity of age-related diseases, thereby further promoting healthy aging
Similarities and differences in dynamic properties of brain networks between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder
No full textBackground: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and tobacco use disorder (TUD) are two major addiction disorders that result in substantial financial loss. Identifying the similarities and differences between these two disorders is important to understand substance addiction and behavioral addiction. The current study was designed to compare these two disorders utilizing dynamic analysis. Method: Resting-state data were collected from 35 individuals with IGD, 35 individuals with TUD and 35 healthy controls (HCs). Dynamic coactivation pattern analysis was employed to decipher their dynamic patterns. Results: IGD participants showed decreased coactivation patterns within the default mode network (DMN) and between the DMN and the salience network (SN). The SN showed reduced coactivation patterns with the executive control network (ECN) and DMN, and the ECN showed decreased coactivation patterns with the DMN. In the TUD group, the DMN exhibited decreased coactivation patterns with the SN, the SN exhibited reduced coactivation patterns with the DMN and ECN, and the ECN showed decreased coactivation patterns with the DMN and within the ECN. Furthermore, the triple network model was fitted to the dynamic properties of the two addiction disorders. Decoding analysis results indicated that addiction-related memory and memory retrieval displayed similar dysfunctions in both addictions. Conclusion: The dynamic characteristics of IGD and TUD suggest that there are similarities in the dynamic features between the SN and DMN and differences in the dynamic features between the DMN and ECN. Our results revealed that the two addiction disorders have dissociable brain mechanisms, indicating that future studies should consider these two addiction disorders as having two separate mechanisms to achieve precise treatment for their individualized targets
Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization identified potential drug targets for migraine
No full textBackground: Migraine is a highly prevalent and complex neurovascular disease. However, the currently available therapeutic drugs often fall to adequately meet clinical needs due to limited effectiveness and numerous undesirable side effects. This study aims to identify putative novel targets for migraine treatment through proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: We utilized MR to estimate the causal effects of plasma proteins on migraine and its two subtypes, migraine with aura (MA) and without aura (MO). This analysis integrated plasma protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) findings for these migraine phenotypes. Moreover, we conducted a phenome-wide MR assessment, enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction networks construction, and mediation MR analysis to further validate the pharmaceutical potential of the identified protein targets. Results: We identified 35 protein targets for migraine and its subtypes (p < 8.04 x 10(-6)), with prioritized targets showing minimal side effects. Phenome-wide MR identified novel protein targets-FCAR, UBE2L6, LATS1, PDCD1LG2, and MMP3-that have no major disease side effects and interacted with current acute migraine medication targets. Additionally, MMP3, PDCD1LG2, and HBQ1 interacted with current preventive migraine medication targets. The causal effects of plasma protein on migraine were partly mediated by plasma metabolites (proportion of mediation from 3.8% to 21.0%). Conclusions: A set of potential protein targets for migraine and its subtypes were identified. These proteins showed rare side effects and were responsible for biological mechanisms involved in migraine pathogenesis, indicating priority for the development of migraine treatments
Efficacy and safety of <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> BF839 for pediatric autism spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial
No full textBackground: The clinical utility of Bacteroides fragilis in treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. Therefore, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and safety of B. fragilis BF839 in the treatment of pediatric ASD. Methods: We examined 60 children aged 2-10 years diagnosed with ASD, and participants received either BF839 powder (10 g/bar with >= 106 CFU/bar of viable bacteria, two bars/day) or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary outcomes was Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) score. The secondary outcomes were Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Normal Development of Social Skills from Infants to Junior High School Children (S-M), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores, and fecal microbiome composition. Assessments were performed on day 0 and at weeks 8 and 16. Results: Compared with the placebo group, the BF839 group showed significant improvement in the ABC body and object use scores at week 16, which was more pronounced in children with ASD aged = 30, the BF839 group showed significant improvements at week 16 in the ABC total score, ABC body and object use score, CARS score, and GSRS score compared to the placebo group. Only two patients (6.67%) in the BF839 group experienced mild diarrhea. Compared with baseline and placebo group levels, the BF839 group showed a significant post-intervention increase in abundance of bifidobacteria and change in the metabolic function of neuroactive compounds encoded by intestinal microorganisms. Conclusion: BF839 significantly and safely improved abnormal behavior and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with ASD
Temporal neural dynamics of understanding communicative intentions from speech prosody
No full textUnderstanding the correct intention of a speaker is critical for social interaction. Speech prosody is an important source for understanding speakers' intentions during verbal communication. However, the neural dynamics by which the human brain translates the prosodic cues into a mental representation of communicative intentions in real time remains unclear. Here, we recorded EEG (electroencephalograph) while participants listened to dialogues. The prosodic features of the critical words at the end of sentences were manipulated to signal either suggestion, warning, or neutral intentions. The results showed that suggestion and warning intentions evoked enhanced late positive event-related potentials (ERPs) compared to the neutral condition. Linear mixed-effects model (LMEM) regression and representational similarity analysis (RSA) analyses revealed that these ERP effects were distinctively correlated with prosodic acoustic analysis, emotional valence evaluation, and intention interpretation in different time windows; The onset latency significantly increased as the processing level of abstractness and communicative intentionality increased. Neural representations of intention and emotional information emerged and parallelly persisted over a long time window, guiding the correct identification of communicative intention. These results provide new insights into understanding the structural components of intention processing and their temporal neural dynamics underlying communicative intention comprehension from speech prosody in online social interactions
A Classification Framework for Depressive Episode Using R-R Intervals From Smartwatch
No full textDepressive episode is key symptom collection of mood disorders. Early intervention can prevent it from happening or reduce its impact, and close monitoring can greatly improve medical management. However, most current monitoring methods are ex post facto, coarse in time granularity and resource consuming. In this article, we aimed to develop a cost-friendly and high usability depressive episode detection framework. In Phase I, we fitted instantaneous affective state models by using R-R intervals collected with photoplethysmogram sensors in smartwatches from laboratory experiments of 1107 participants. In Phase II we utilized the models from Phase I to record long-term affective experience of 2192 participants. Depressive episode models were fitted with affective experience time series. The best instantaneous affective states models achieved overall accuracies of 91% with 2 classes (neutral/ aroused) and 82% with 3 classes (joy/ neutral/ sadness), and the depressive episode models (less severe/ more severe) achieved an overall accuracy of 76% and a best accuracy of 88%. We investigated and discussed the performance differences of the models with multiple settings. We found person-based feature normalization is effective in improving model performance for subjective affect experience. We also found identification of diurnal mood variation may be critical in depressive episode detection
The home literacy environment and children's emergent literacy development: a follow-up study
No full textChild development is a product of the combination of the experience provided by family/social context and their own. Both child and environmental factors are integral when understanding a child's outcomes. The current study mainly investigated the characteristics of the home literacy environment (HLE) and the relationship between the HLE and emergent literacy skills with young Chinese children's development. Sixty-seven Mandarin-speaking children were followed from the second year of kindergarten (K2; mean age = 55.87 months) to the third year of kindergarten (K3; mean age = 67.32 months). Chinese word reading, print awareness and vocabulary were measured and parents were required to report on family's socioeconomic status and children's HLE. The results showed that some aspects of the HLE were stable (e.g., the number of books at home and the frequency of shared book reading), while other aspects significantly differed across the two time points (e.g., the onset of character teaching and the richness of language or reading-related activities at home). Furthermore, parent reading instruction was positively related to Chinese word reading and shared book reading was significantly associated with print awareness. Notably, Chinese word reading at K2 was found to be uniquely predictive of parent reading instruction at K3. Overall, our study provides new empirical evidence for the benefits of nurturing a rich HLE in promoting emergent literacy skills in young Chinese children, as well as the role of children's early word reading skills in constructing their HLE
Impact of decision-making autonomy and social distance on young Chinese children's sharing behaviour
No full textThis research explores how decision-making autonomy and social distance impact young children's sharing behaviour. In Study 1, findings from 159 Chinese children (total N = 159, 72 boys, aged 3-6 years) revealed that children aged 5-6 exhibited significantly more sharing behaviours in the controlled condition, however 3-4 years-olds showed no variance between the two conditions, indicating that the impact of decision-making autonomy on sharing behaviour surfaces around the age of 5-6 years. Study 2 examined the effects of social distance and decision-making autonomy on sharing behaviours among Chinese children aged 5-6 years (total N = 57, 29 boys). Results showed that irrespective of the decision-making condition, children in this age group exhibited a greater tendency to share with close friends. Furthermore, the controlled condition intensified this effect. These findings suggest that the perceived sense of autonomy among Chinese children aged 5-6 when deciding to share may not be as stable as expected, with social distance playing a pivotal role in guiding their sharing decisions. This study enhances our comprehension of how decision-making autonomy and social factors shape young children's prosocial behaviour, underscoring the significant role of social context in influencing sharing behaviours during childhood development
The neural network of sensory attenuation: A neuroimaging meta-analysis
No full textSensory attenuation refers to the reduction in sensory intensity resulting from self-initiated actions compared to stimuli initiated externally. A classic example is scratching oneself without feeling itchy. This phenomenon extends across various sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, somatosensory, and nociceptive stimuli. The internal forward model proposes that during voluntary actions, an efferent copy of the action command is sent out to predict sensory feedback. This predicted sensory feedback is then compared with the actual sensory feedback, leading to the suppression or reduction of sensory stimuli originating from self-initiated actions. To further elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying sensory attenuation effect, we conducted an extensive meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Utilizing activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis, our results revealed significant activations in a prominent cluster encompassing the right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG), right middle temporal gyrus (rMTG), and right insula when comparing external-generated with self-generated conditions. Additionally, significant activation was observed in the right anterior cerebellum when comparing self-generated to external-generated conditions. Further analysis using meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) unveiled distinct brain networks co-activated with the rMTG and right cerebellum, respectively. Based on these findings, we propose that sensory attenuation arises from the suppression of reflexive inputs elicited by self-initiated actions through the internal forward modeling of a cerebellum-centered action prediction network, enabling the "sensory conflict detection" regions to effectively discriminate between inputs resulting from self-induced actions and those originating externally
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