Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Characterizing the Profile of Anhedonia in Individuals With Schizotypal Traits, Subthreshold Depression and Autistic Traits
No full textAnhedonia is believed to be transdiagnostic symptom exist in various disorders including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. However, very few studies attempted to profile subclinical samples with schizophrenia, depressive, and autistic symptoms using measures of anhedonia scales. This study adopted a cluster analytical approach to examine the anhedonia profile in 46 individuals with schizotypal trait (ST), 43 subthreshold depression (SD), 27 autistic trait (AT), and 41 healthy controls. They completed a set of checklists capturing different dimensions of anhedonia including the anticipatory and consummatory interpersonal pleasure scale, the temporal experience of pleasure scale, the motivation and pleasure scale and the belief about pleasure scale. Cluster analysis was conducted on these measures among the merged sample of ST, SD, and AT. To validate the clusters, we administered measures on nonsocial reward processing, self-reported empathy, and social functioning. A three-cluster solution was found to be the best fit. Cluster 1 (n = 48) showed high pleasure experience, motivation, and belief about pleasure and spread evenly across three groups. Cluster 2 (n = 31) was characterized by low levels of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure specifically for the social domain, largely comprised of individuals with ST. Cluster 3 (n = 37) showed low levels of consummatory pleasure, motivation, and belief about pleasure, largely comprised of individuals with SD. The resultant clusters differed in social process and functioning. The current findings suggested distinct anhedonia subtypes within different subclinical populations. These findings may have implications for early detection and prevention for anhedonia
Relational Victimization, Coping Styles and Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Bidirectional Associations in Adolescence
Get PDFAlthough evidence from previous studies suggests that adolescents with negative coping styles who experienced victimization are more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms, these associations have not yet been disentangled to separate between-person differences from within-person effects. To investigate the within-person bidirectional relationships among relational victimization, coping styles and depressive symptoms, this study conducted a four-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis. The final sample consisted of 1506 adolescents, 72.6% of whom were male, with a mean age of 10.90 years (SD = 1.12) at the first time point. The findings revealed a prospective within-person association between relational victimization and depressive symptoms, and a reciprocal within-person relationship between depressive symptoms and avoidance coping. The approach coping style negatively predicted depressive symptoms over time, whereas depressive symptoms did not affect the approach coping style. These findings show how depressive symptoms, relational victimization, and coping styles are related at the individual level, extending previous research through the demonstration of stable within-person associations over time.</p
Inhibition of the basolateral amygdala to prelimbic cortex pathway enhances risk-taking during risky decision-making shock task in rats
No full textMany animal studies have explored decision-making under risk and punishment, particularly regarding potential rewards, but less focus has been placed on contexts involving net losses. Understanding decision-making under net loss conditions can shed light on the neural mechanisms involved. The basolateral amygdala to prelimbic cortex (BLA-*PL) pathway is crucial for risky decision-making. In this study, we investigated how rats make decisions under no-reward but shock conditions, specifically examining the role of the BLA-*PL pathway. In the risky decision-making shock task (RDST), rats chose between a "small/certain" lever, which consistently delivered one pellet, and a "large/risky" lever, offering variable rewards with a 50 % probability of reward and a 50 % probability of 1-s foot-shock. The results showed that the shock condition decreased the preference for the large/ risky lever, despite increasing rewards. Importantly, inhibiting the BLA-*PL pathway significantly increased the selection of the "large/risky" lever compared to the control. Although rats in the clozapine N-oxide (CNO) group did not exhibit significant differences in response latency between levers, they exhibited heightened sensitivity to rewards and losses, suggesting that the BLA-*PL pathway affects the encoding of the relationship between aversive stimuli and reward-seeking. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the neural mechanisms of risk-taking, particularly regarding how inhibition in the BLA-*PL pathway can influence reward processing and decision-making under no-reward but shock conditions, with implications for understanding risk-related psychiatric disorders.</p
Masked facial expression recognition based on temporal overlap module and action unit graph convolutional network
No full textFacial expressions may not truly reflect genuine emotions of people. People often use masked facial expressions (MFEs) to hide their genuine emotions. The recognition of MFEs can help reveal these emotions, which has very important practical value in the field of mental health, security and education. However, MFE is very complex and lacks of research, and the existing facial expression recognition algorithms cannot well recognize the MFEs and the hidden genuine emotions at the same time. To obtain better representations of MFE, we first use the transformer model as the basic framework and design the temporal overlap module to enhance temporal receptive field of the tokens, so as to strengthen the capture of muscle movement patterns in MFE sequences. Secondly, we design a graph convolutional network (GCN) with action unit (AU) intensity as node features and the 3D learnable adjacency matrix based on AU activation state to reduce the irrelevant identity information introduced by image input. Finally, we propose a novel end-to-end dual-stream network combining the image stream (transformer) with the AU stream (GCN) for automatic recognition of MFEs. Compared with other methods, our approach has achieved state-of-the-art results on the core tasks of Masked Facial Expression Database (MFED)
Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics to Profile Pathways and Prognosis of Chronic Pain
No full textWhile increasing peripheral mechanisms related to chronic pain, the plasma proteomics profile associated with it and its prognosis remains elusive. This study utilizes 2923 plasma proteins and chronic pain of 51 644 participants from UK Biobank and finds 474 proteins linked to chronic pain in six sites: head, neck or shoulder, back, stomach or abdominal, hip, and knee, with 11 proteins sharing across pain sites. The identified proteins are largely enriched in immune and metabolic pathways and highly expressed in tissues like lungs and small intestines. Phenome-wide analysis highlights the significance of pain-related proteome on diverse facets of human health, and in-depth Mendelian randomization validates 10 proteins (CD302, RARRES2, TNFRSF1B, BTN2A1, TNFRSF9, COL18A1, TNF, CD74, TNFRSF4, and BTN2A1) as markers of chronic pain. Furthermore, protein sets capable of classifying pain patients and healthy participants, particularly performing best in hip pain (area under curve, AUC = 0.725), are identified. Interestingly, the prediction of pain spreading over ten years achieves an AUC of 0.715, with leptin identified as a crucial predictor. This study delineates proteins associated with various pain conditions and identifies proteins capable of classifying pain and predicting pain spreading, offering benefits for both research and clinical practice.</p
Bone-brain crosstalk in osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and interventions
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent articular disorder characterized by joint degeneration and persistent pain; it imposes a significant burden on both individuals and society. While OA has traditionally been viewed as a localized peripheral disorder, recent preclinical and clinical studies have revealed the crucial interconnections between the bone and the brain, highlighting the systemic nature of OA. The neuronal pathway, molecular signaling, circadian rhythms, and genetic underpinnings within the bone-brain axis play vital roles in the complex interplay that contributes to OA initiation and progression. This review explores emerging evidence of the crosstalk between the bone and brain in OA progression, and discusses the potential contributions of the bone-brain axis to the development of effective interventions for managing OA
Facial video based stress detection for enhancing ecological validity
No full textIn contemporary society, high-level stress poses significant detrimental effects on mental and physical wellbeing, impacting performance in various aspects of life including work, studies, and social interactions. Previous research efforts have primarily relied on the induction of stress through diverse mental tasks under artificial experimental conditions, which may lack ecological validity. This study aimed to address this limitation by collecting facial data without additional contextual interventions during self-introductions from participants. A regression model was developed to evaluate an individual's stress level based solely on their facial expressions captured via video. Utilizing a dataset of 240 participants, the model incorporated both facial videos and perceived stress levels for analysis. Our findings revealed that specific facial areas and features were strongly correlated with perceptions of stress, offering insights into how facial cues can mirror subjective experiences of stress. The regression model achieved impressive performance metrics, attaining a Pearson correlation efficient of 0.539 and internal consistency reliability of 0.70. These results suggest that the model possesses high applicability for early detection and management of stress, particularly by demonstrating an elevated level of ecological validity compared to previous methodologies. The positive outcomes of this study highlight considerable potential for utilizing facial analysis as a tool in identifying stress at an early stage, enabling proactive interventions for stress alleviation. Future research is encouraged to refine the concept further and enhance its accuracy, thereby maximizing its utility in real-world scenarios
The Relationship Between Freshmen's Body Image Self-Discrepancy and Social Media Use Motivation: The Perspective of Online Social Compensation
No full text为揭示数字化时代大学新生的心理适应机制，探讨体像自我差异与社交媒体使用动机的关系，以及社交焦虑在二者之间的作用，采用身体意像评估量表、社交焦虑量表以及社交媒体使用动机量表对1350名大一新生开展调查。结果显示：体像自我差异与社交焦虑显著正向联系，社交焦虑与社交媒体使用动机显著正向联系；社交焦虑在体像自我差异与社交媒体使用动机之间中介效应显著；相比男生，社交焦虑的中介效应在女生群体中显著。研究整合了自我差异理论和网络社会补偿理论，为高校构建促进新生人际适应的线上支持系统提供理论和实践参考。</p
The Underlying Mechanism of Believing and Sharing of Misinformation: Based on the Tinbergen’s Framework
No full text现如今，虚假信息已然成为一种严重的社会问题，给大众生活带来了巨大的负面影响。基于廷伯根理论框架，可从静态和动态两个视角系统梳理人们相信和分享虚假信息的近端和远端机制。目前研究对人类相信与分享虚假信息的心理机制已有广泛探讨，但研究往往集中于近端机制，对远端机制的探究相对有限。未来研究应厘清近端机制中情绪的影响，深入探讨人类相信与分享虚假信息的远端机制，加强针对虚假信息的本土化研究。</p
Analysis of Distribution Characteristics of TCM Syndromes and Syndrome Elements of Depression in Recent 15 Years' Literature
No full text笔者对CNKI近15年抑郁症中医研究文献进行梳理和总结，挖掘抑郁症中医证候及证候要素分布规律。研究结果显示：抑郁症的常见中医证候依次是“肝郁脾虚证”、“肝气郁结证”、“心脾两虚证”、“气郁化火证”、“肝郁痰阻证”、“肾虚肝郁证”，主要病位依次为“肝”、“脾”、“心”、“肾”，常见的病性依次为“气虚”、“气滞”、“火热”、“痰湿”、“阳虚”。结论：“肝郁脾虚证”是抑郁症最常见的中医证型；“肝”、“脾”是抑郁症脏腑病机中最重要的2个脏；“气虚”和“气滞”是两个最主要的病理要素
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