Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, CASNot a member yet
28529 research outputs found
Sort by
BETTER SLEEP FOR A SAFER DAY: THE IMPACT OF INSOMNIA ON CORTISOL AWAKENING RESPONSE AND DAILY SAFETY BEHAVIOR
No full textIn high-risk industries, employees' ability to work safely each day is crucial for occupational health and organizational safety. As such, it is essential for employees to be physiologically prepared at the start of the workday to adapt to safety demands of risky working environments. Sleep is a vital process for physical recovery. Good sleep can lead to a more typical cortisol awakening response (CAR) in the morning, reflecting physiological preparedness for the upcoming workday. By raising alertness and enhancing executive function, a robust CAR enables the employee to regulate themselves better, such as inhibiting unsafe impulses and being vigilant to monitor potential safety risks, resulting in more safety behaviors. Therefore, we applied a diary method to investigate the impact of prior-night insomnia on CAR and next-day safety behaviors. 104 frontline employees provided morning saliva samples and completed daily surveys across five workdays. Results showed that insomnia significantly weakened CAR the following morning, which, in turn, reduced safety compliance and participation behaviors, with CAR mediating the relationship between insomnia and safety behavior. These findings highlight hormonal factors as key antecedents of safety behaviors and provide empirical evidence to guide organizations in developing pre-shift fitness practices to enhance employee safety and health.</p
Pain integration of multimodal noxious stimulation based on the perceptual instruction
No full textIndividuals encounter various somatosensory inputs in their daily lives, often in multiple forms at once. When exposed to noxious stimuli, the intensity of these inputs can lead to a complex experience of pain. However, the mechanisms by which these harmful stimuli combine into a unified pain experience remain unclear. Understanding this process is essential for comprehending pain perception in challenging situations. Here, we investigated pain integration through four experiments involving multimodal noxious stimuli-heat, pressure, and electrical inputs-applied to the feet, instructed by perceptual cues. We found that pain integration-rather than somatosensory inputs-significantly enhanced overall pain perception. Notably, this effect was not simply due to the additive nature of the stimuli. Our imaging results indicated that pain integration involved the precuneus cortex, with connectivity between the precuneus and both the angular gyrus and lateral occipital cortex playing a vital role in the integration process. Furthermore, we observed strong similarities between the brain activity in the precuneus and participants' pain perception, highlighting the unique function of this area during pain integration. These findings provide crucial evidence of how the brain integrates responses to multimodal noxious stimuli, underscoring an important clinical consideration for pain management strategies.</p
Cognitive and neural underpinnings of friend-prioritization in a perceptual matching task
No full textPrevious findings of better behavioral responses to self- over other-related stimuli suggest prioritized cognitive processes of self-related information. However, it is unclear whether the processing of information related to important others (e.g.friends) may be prioritized over that related to the self in certain subpopulations and, if yes, whether friend-prioritization and self-prioritization engage distinct cognitive and neural mechanisms. We collected behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data from a large sample (N = 1006) during learning associations between shapes and person labels (self or a friend). Analyses of response times and sensitivities revealed two subpopulations who performed better to friend-shape or self-shape associations, respectively (N = 216 for each group). Drift diffusion model (DDM) analyses unraveled faster information acquisition for friend-shape (vs. self-shape) associations in the friend-prioritization group but an opposite pattern in the self-prioritization group. Trial-by-trial regression analyses of EEG data showed that the greater amplitudes of a frontal/central activity at 180-240 ms poststimulus were correlated with faster information acquisition from friend-shape associations in the friend-prioritization group but from self-shape associations in the self-prioritization group. However, the frontal/central neural oscillations at 8-18 Hz during perceptual learning were specifically associated with speed of information acquisition from friend-shape associations in the friend-prioritization-group. Our findings provide evidence for friend-prioritization in perceptual learning in a subpopulation of adults and clarify the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms
Did the bumper sticker piss you off? The mediating roles of blame judgement and negative emotion between slogans and aggressive driving behaviour
No full textWith growth in the quantity of vehicles in China, diverse bumper sticker slogans have become a common sight on roads. Bumper sticker slogans are likely to affect the responses of surrounding drivers, but little is known about the underlying mechanism involved. The aims of this study were to explore the effects of bumper sticker slogans on blame judgement, negative emotion and aggressive driving behaviour and to test the mediating roles of blame judgement and negative emotion between bumper sticker slogans and aggressive driving behaviour. We adopted a single-factor design in which bumper sticker slogans were a within-subject factor with two levels: provocative and conciliatory slogans. The participants were asked to imagine five irritating driving scenarios while viewing different slogans and to respond to items measuring other variables. Finally, a total of 233 valid questionnaires were received. The results showed that compared with conciliatory slogans, provocative slogans received higher scores for blame judgement, negative emotion and aggressive driving behaviour. Moreover, both blame judgement and negative emotion played mediating roles between bumper sticker slogans and aggressive driving behaviour, and they had a joint mediating effect, indicating that bumper sticker slogans affected aggressive driving behaviour by increasing blame judgement and negative emotion. This study explores the mechanism by which bumper sticker slogans affect aggressive driving behaviour and provides insights for the future design of bumper sticker slogans and for drivers' selection of appropriate bumper sticker slogans
Epistemic trust in digital voice assistants in conflict situations among 4-to 6-year-olds
No full textConflicts between digital voice assistant (DVA) testimonies and children's preexisting beliefs have significant implications for children's epistemic trust in DVAs. This study investigated the trust in informants (humans vs. DVAs) among 90 Chinese children (45 girls; aged 4-6 years) in situations under different levels of conflict via the conflicting sources paradigm. Children's trust in the testimonies of DVAs was lower in high-conflict situations than in non-conflict and low-conflict situations. Compared with younger children, older children were more likely to adhere to their preexisting beliefs and refuse to revise their beliefs under conflict situations. These findings suggest that epistemic trust and belief revision in children are influenced by conflict situations
Epistemic trust in digital voice assistants in conflict situations among 4-to 6-year-olds
No full textConflicts between digital voice assistant (DVA) testimonies and children's preexisting beliefs have significant implications for children's epistemic trust in DVAs. This study investigated the trust in informants (humans vs. DVAs) among 90 Chinese children (45 girls; aged 4-6 years) in situations under different levels of conflict via the conflicting sources paradigm. Children's trust in the testimonies of DVAs was lower in high-conflict situations than in non-conflict and low-conflict situations. Compared with younger children, older children were more likely to adhere to their preexisting beliefs and refuse to revise their beliefs under conflict situations. These findings suggest that epistemic trust and belief revision in children are influenced by conflict situations.</p
GRAM: A Generative Foundation Reward Model for Reward Generalization
No full textIn aligning large language models (LLMs), reward models have played an important role, but are standardly trained as discriminative models and rely only on labeled human preference data. In this paper, we explore methods that train reward models using both unlabeled and labeled data. Building on the generative models in LLMs, we develop a generative reward model that is first trained via large-scale unsupervised learning and then fine-tuned via supervised learning. We also show that by using label smoothing, we are in fact optimizing a regularized pairwise ranking loss. This result, in turn, provides a new view of training reward models, which links generative models and discriminative models under the same class of training objectives. The outcome of these techniques is a foundation reward model, which can be applied to a wide range of tasks with little or no further fine-tuning effort. Extensive experiments show that this model generalizes well across several tasks, including response ranking, reinforcement learning from human feedback, and task adaptation with fine-tuning, achieving significant performance improvements over several strong baseline models.</p
Cerebellar-Basal Ganglia Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia: Insights into Motivational Deficits
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Motivational deficits are core negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ), which have been linked to disruptions in reward network. Recent evidence suggests the cerebellum's role in motivational and hedonic processing. This study examined its connectivity with the reward network in SCZ and hypothesized that decreased connectivity would be found in SCZ patients and correlated with severe negative symptoms.Study Design This study employed a cross-sample validation approach using 2 independent cohorts (Sample 1: NSCZ = 62, NHC = 61; Sample 2: NSCZ = 53, NHC = 55). Resting-state functional connectivity was assessed using network-based analysis to identify disrupted subnetworks, followed by seed-based connectivity analysis to localize specific connections. Effective connectivity was assessed using spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for inferring the directional influences of abnormal connectivity related to amotivation or anhedonia.Study Results Network-based analysis in Sample 1 identified a disrupted subnetwork between the cerebellum (lobules VI, VIIb, VIII) and basal ganglia (putamen, caudate, pallidum) in SCZ, with cerebellar-pallidal connectivity associated with amotivation. Seed-based analysis in Sample 2 revealed reduced putamen/caudate-lobule VI connectivity, correlating with amotivation and anhedonia symptoms in SCZ. Spectral DCM indicated reduced excitatory input from cerebellum to the basal ganglia in Sample 1, but such results could not be replicated in Sample 2.Conclusions Our findings highlighted the role of cerebellum-basal ganglia connectivity in the pathophysiology of SCZ, particularly in relation to amotivation and anhedonia. This pathway may be a putative target for neuromodulation to ameliorate negative symptoms of SCZ.</p
Higher levels of D2R and D3R in the frontal-striatal regions are associated with reduced perseverative reward seeking after opioid abstinence
No full textIntroduction The lower levels of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in the striatum and the heightened levels of dopamine D2 receptor (D3R) in the midbrain have been linked to impulsive behavior and risky decision-making associated with drug dependence. While D3R has been considered a potential target for treating drug dependence, the connection between D3R in the prefrontal-striatal regions and maladaptive drug-related behaviors remains poorly understood.Methods This study utilized two high-cost tasks to investigate perseverative reward seeking, specifically conflict-based approaching behavior and persistent responding behavior under a progesterone receptor (PR) procedure. Additionally, D2R and D3R levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and striatum were examined through Western blotting.Results After each task, male rats were divided into two subpopulations: high-approaching vs. low-approaching and high-responding vs. low-responding. Rats treated with morphine (MOR) exhibited a 3 fold increase in the likelihood of developing high-approaching or high-responding behaviors compared to drug-na & iuml;ve rats. D2R expression was higher in the ventral striatum of morphine-treated, low-approaching rats than high-approaching rats, negatively correlating with approaching behaviors within the morphine-exposed group. After six consecutive PR sessions, D3R levels in the dorsal striatum differed significantly between morphine-treated, low-responding rats and morphine-treated, high-responding rats, negatively correlating with responding behaviors within the morphine-exposed group. An intriguing finding was the non-linear relationships, resembling an inverted U shape, observed between the level of D3R in the mPFC and reward-seeking behaviors, as revealed by both tasks.Discussion The elevated or relatively higher levels of D2R and D3R in the frontal-striatal regions may serve as protective factors for individuals abstaining from opioids, enabling them to control their reward-seeking behavior better.</p
Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Relationships of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Childhood Bullying Victimization Experiences
No full textBackground: Individuals who have experienced bullying victimization often develop symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), depression, and anxiety, with these symptoms mutually influencing one another. This study aims to explore the reciprocal relationships between CPTSD, depression, and anxiety among adolescents and emerging adults who have experienced childhood bullying victimization, from both variable-level and symptom-level perspectives.Method: A total of 3945 adolescents and 2726 emerging adults with childhood bullying victimization experiences were measured 6-month interval in the study. All the participants completed the questionnaires assessing for bullying victimization, CPTSD, depression, and anxiety. The data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel analysis and cross-lagged network analysis.Results: The cross-lagged panel analysis reveals that CPTSD more strongly and consistently predicts depression and anxiety, whereas the reverse influence is weaker across both groups. At the symptom level, for adolescents, "death" (in depression) influences "feel worthless" (in CPTSD) and "feel like a failure" (in CPTSD). Additionally, "death" (in depression) is more likely to predict subsequent symptoms, while "feel like a failure" (in CPTSD) is more frequently activated by other symptoms. In the emerging adults, some strong cross-lagged effects were observed, such as "motor" (in depression) to "traumatic dreams" (in CPTSD) and "worthless" (in depression) to "feel like a failure" (in CPTSD). In addition, "exaggerated startle" (in CPTSD) tends to predict symptoms, while "feel like a failure" (in CPTSD) is more frequently activated.Conclusions: Findings suggested that interventions alleviating "death" (in depression) among adolescents and "exaggerated startle" (in CPTSD) among emerging adults may improve overall mental health.</p
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, CAS? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!