Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The Relationship between Parental Phubbing and Problem Behaviors in Preschool Children
No full textObjectives: With the widespread adoption of smartphones, parental phubbing behaviors have become increasingly prevalent, potentially affecting preschool children's development. Current research primarily focuses on adolescent populations, while the mechanisms through which parental phubbing and authoritarian parenting style influence preschool children's behavioral problems within the Chinese cultural context remain to be explored. Our investigation seeks to examine the factors contributing to behavioral difficulties among children of preschool age and provide theoretical guidance for prevention. Methods: In our research, we utilized a convenience sampling approach to collect data from parents whose children (n = 612) were between 3 and 7 years of age. The questionnaire distribution was facilitated via the Wenjuanxing online survey platform. Research instruments included the Parental Phubbing Scale, Parent-Child Relationship Scale, Authoritarian Parenting Style Scale, and Conners Child Behavior Rating Scale. For analytical procedures, we employed SPSS 24.0 to generate descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Chain mediation effects were examined via Process macro, while significance assessment of the mediating effects relied on the Bootstrap method for constructing 95% confidence intervals. Results: A statistically significant positive association was observed between parental phubbing and behavioral problems exhibited by children (r = 0.251, p < 0.001). Parental phubbing exhibited a significant direct effect on children's behavioral problems (beta = 0.088, p < 0.001). Analysis of sequential mediation demonstrated that authoritarian parenting style together with parent-child conflict functioned as significant intermediary variables in the relationship between parental phubbing and children's problem behaviors (beta = 0.163, p < 0.001), with these indirect pathways constituting 64.94% of the total effect. Conclusion: Parental phubbing significantly contributes to behavioral problems in preschool children. Parents should monitor their media use, improve their parenting approach, and enhance parent-child relationships to reduce behavioral problems in preschool children.</p
Upstream or downstream reciprocity: which matters more for sharing expectations and behavior in 4- to 5-year-old children?
Get PDFRecent research suggests that the sharing behavior of young children is influenced by indirect reciprocity. This study investigated how upstream reciprocity (the sharer's prior experience of being shared) and downstream reciprocity (the recipient's previous sharing behavior) influence sharing expectations and behavior in 4- to 5-year-olds. In Experiment 1, children acted as 'observers', predicting the number of stickers 'sharers' would allocate to 'recipients' with previous generous or stingy behavior. The sharers had previously experienced being shared with generously or stingily. In Experiment 2, children acted as 'sharers', directly experiencing being shared with generously or stingily before allocating stickers to 'recipients' with previous generous or stingy behavior. The results indicated that young children's sharing expectations and behavior are influenced by both upstream and downstream reciprocity, with the latter potentially being of greater significance for sharing behavior.</p
Re: Efficacy and Safety of<i> Oxalobacter</i><i> formigenes</i> in Patients With Primary Hyperoxaluria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
No full textInterpersonal environmental communication (IEC) has not been systematically examined in terms of its effects on different types of pro-environmental behaviors, its applicability to groups with varying levels of ecological worldview, and its long-term impact. To address these theoretical gaps, we conducted three studies based on impression management theory. Study 1, using cross-sectional survey data (n = 1,889), revealed that IEC has a stronger effect on adolescents' public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors and is more influential for those with a lower ecological worldview. Study 2, using longitudinal data (n = 764), demonstrated that IEC has a long-term and more pronounced impact on specific public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., donation), and on adolescents with a lower ecological worldview in certain pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., volunteer services). Study 3, using a longitudinal survey of adults (n = 601), further validated that IEC has a long-term and stronger effect on public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors and on adults with a lower ecological worldview. These studies provide strong evidence of the robust, long-term, and cross-age effect of interpersonal environmental communication on pro-environmental behaviors. Based on these findings, policymakers in education, media, and community could foster public activities that are collective and visible, enhancing opportunities for social engagement around pro-environmental actions
Pupil Dynamics and Causality Perception: Insights From Pupillometry
No full textCausality perception is fundamental to interpreting interactions between objects in the physical world. However, little is known about whether physiological responses, particularly pupil size, can implicitly track causality perception. This study employed pupillometry across three experiments to investigate the relationship between pupil dynamics and causality perception. The results revealed that spatiotemporally contiguous launching events (i.e., direct launching), perceived as a causal collision between two objects, induced greater pupil dilation after the collision than simple single-object motion (i.e., passing and pass-by events) or motion with a temporally inverted cause-effect order (i.e., temporal-inverted events), both of which lacked a causal structure. However, launching with a spatial gap (i.e., gap launching) also elicited pupil dilation comparable to direct launching, although gap launching was rated lower in perceived causality. Temporal-inverted events provoked early pupil dilation, corresponding to the sudden and spontaneous motion of the first object. Furthermore, for invariant visual stimuli that could be perceived as either causal launching or noncausal passing (i.e., ambiguous events), pupil size changes did not differentiate between subjective causal and noncausal judgments. These findings indicate that although pupil dilation was evident during causality perception, it was not uniquely or directly tied to causality perception but was influenced by multiple factors, particularly responses to spontaneous motion. This study deepens the understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying causality perception while also emphasizing the limitation of using pupillometry to examine it
Pupil Dynamics and Causality Perception: Insights From Pupillometry
No full textCausality perception is fundamental to interpreting interactions between objects in the physical world. However, little is known about whether physiological responses, particularly pupil size, can implicitly track causality perception. This study employed pupillometry across three experiments to investigate the relationship between pupil dynamics and causality perception. The results revealed that spatiotemporally contiguous launching events (i.e., direct launching), perceived as a causal collision between two objects, induced greater pupil dilation after the collision than simple single-object motion (i.e., passing and pass-by events) or motion with a temporally inverted cause-effect order (i.e., temporal-inverted events), both of which lacked a causal structure. However, launching with a spatial gap (i.e., gap launching) also elicited pupil dilation comparable to direct launching, although gap launching was rated lower in perceived causality. Temporal-inverted events provoked early pupil dilation, corresponding to the sudden and spontaneous motion of the first object. Furthermore, for invariant visual stimuli that could be perceived as either causal launching or noncausal passing (i.e., ambiguous events), pupil size changes did not differentiate between subjective causal and noncausal judgments. These findings indicate that although pupil dilation was evident during causality perception, it was not uniquely or directly tied to causality perception but was influenced by multiple factors, particularly responses to spontaneous motion. This study deepens the understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying causality perception while also emphasizing the limitation of using pupillometry to examine it.</p
Marital Satisfaction Association Algorithm Based on Natural Language Processing and Deep Neural Network
Get PDFMarital satisfaction is an important topic in psychology and sociology research, affecting individual mental health, family stability and social harmony. Traditional marital satisfaction research mainly relies on questionnaires and statistical modeling, but these methods are difficult to capture multi-dimensional, unstructured emotional interaction patterns. This study proposes a marital satisfaction prediction algorithm based on deep neural network (DNN), combined with natural language processing (NLP), sentiment analysis (Sentiment Analysis) and social network behavior modeling (Social Network Behavior Modeling), to build a multimodal data fusion framework to improve prediction accuracy. The study uses an interpretable artificial intelligence method to analyze the key factors affecting marital satisfaction and its dynamic changes, so as to provide intelligent decision-making support for marital relationship intervention and psychological counseling. Experimental results show that this method can achieve better prediction performance on multiple marital satisfaction datasets, and effectively reveals the influence mechanism of individual characteristics, emotional patterns and social environment variables on marital relationships.</p
Adaptation of Perceived Animacy from Biological Motion: Evidence for a ‘Life Motion Detector’
No full textHumans can readily perceive animacy from biological motion (BM) - the distinctive movement patterns of living entities. However, how the human brain extracts animacy information from BM remains largely unclear. The current study investigated this issue using visual adaptation, a non-invasive tool for revealing neural mechanisms underlying the selective processing of specific properties. Results showed that prolonged exposure to intact human walkers, compared to non-BM adaptors, biased the perception of subsequent walking stimuli towards less animate. This adaptation aftereffect persisted following adaptation to local foot motions carrying diagnostic kinematic cues, but was absent after exposure to static body forms, indicating the involvement of neuronal populations encoding animacy from BM based on motion signals. Moreover, adapting to pigeon movements also biased animacy perception for human motions, revealing a shared mechanism for encoding animacy from cross-species BM signals. These results support the existence of an inherent ‘life detection’ system in the human brain,attuned to local foot motions and kinematic features prevalent in vertebrate movements, which may lay a foundation for perceiving life from motion across terrestrial species.</p
Identifying Intervention Targets in the COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Psychopathological Network Among Adolescents: A Simulating Intervention Study
No full textObjective: Network approaches to the pandemic-related psychopathology could help identify the effective targets for interventions in adolescents. However, previous studies involved only limited forms of psychopathology related to stress and trauma and relied on the traditional centrality analysis. This study aimed to identify more effective intervention targets of pandemic-related psychopathological symptoms in a large-scale sample of adolescents using a newly developed network-based simulation intervention technique. Method: Data were yielded from an online survey in China conducted 3 months after the first wave of the pandemic, and participants endorsing at least one pandemic-related psychopathological symptom measured with the Global Psychotrauma Screen for Teenagers (n = 32,932) were included in the analyses. Network structure was estimated using the Ising model. Simulation interventions were implemented using the NodeIdentifyR algorithm. In the NodeIdentifyR algorithm, alleviating or aggravating interventions were implemented by decreasing or increasing the probability of a symptom being present. Results: Psychopathological symptoms were connected tightly, and depressed mood demonstrated the highest strength centrality. The NodeIdentifyR algorithm indicated that restlessness had the strongest projected effect on decreasing the sum score after alleviating interventions, and depressed mood had the strongest projected effect on increasing the sum score after aggravating interventions. Conclusions: Adolescents exposed to the pandemic would experience a range of interacted psychopathological symptoms and depressed mood, and restlessness might serve as a central node in activating and maintaining the symptoms, respectively. These findings contribute to the current understanding of psychopathology among adolescents following the pandemic and inform the development of mental health strategies for this particular population.</p
Masked facial expression recognition based on temporal overlap module and action unit graph convolutional network
No full textFacial expressions may not truly reflect genuine emotions of people. People often use masked facial expressions (MFEs) to hide their genuine emotions. The recognition of MFEs can help reveal these emotions, which has very important practical value in the field of mental health, security and education. However, MFE is very complex and lacks of research, and the existing facial expression recognition algorithms cannot well recognize the MFEs and the hidden genuine emotions at the same time. To obtain better representations of MFE, we first use the transformer model as the basic framework and design the temporal overlap module to enhance temporal receptive field of the tokens, so as to strengthen the capture of muscle movement patterns in MFE sequences. Secondly, we design a graph convolutional network (GCN) with action unit (AU) intensity as node features and the 3D learnable adjacency matrix based on AU activation state to reduce the irrelevant identity information introduced by image input. Finally, we propose a novel end-to-end dual-stream network combining the image stream (transformer) with the AU stream (GCN) for automatic recognition of MFEs. Compared with other methods, our approach has achieved state-of-the-art results on the core tasks of Masked Facial Expression Database (MFED).</p
Cognitive space mapping and its neural mechanisms
No full text认知地图不仅可以映射物理空间,还可以支持认知空间映射,形成包括感知空间、情景记忆空间、概念空间和社会空间等在内的跨不同信息领域的地图式表征。认知空间映射的神经机制包括海马体对潜在结构的抽象和概括、支持分布式位置地图的生成、将信息与背景结构捆绑,以及海马体与其它脑区的协同。未来研究应关注预测性的认知空间地图、海马体对不同精度和层级信息的表征、认知空间映射微观和介观层面的研究空缺以及物理空间和认知空间映射的共同机制和特异性机制等问题。</p
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