Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Morphological and phonetic dependence and age differences in vocabulary recognition under different reading styles
阅读是涉及认知与理解的复杂心智活动,涵盖注视材料、字词加工及意义提取、整合与理解句意等过程,有默读和朗读两种基本模式。词汇识别是人们通过视听系统,接受字形、语音信息,通达相应语义。形音依赖指视觉词汇识别中,读者更依赖于正字法信息还是语音信息,依赖机制存在个体差异。老年人由于年龄增长带来生理限制和认知衰退,其阅读技能和阅读模式与其他年龄阶段人群有很大差异;阅读效率呈下降趋势,词汇加工过程也受影响。近年来,研究者通过眼动技术和功能磁共振成像技术发现儿童和成年人阅读词汇识别时形音依赖存在差异,儿童有语音补偿,成年人更依赖于正字法信息。但缺乏关于老年人阅读时词汇识别更依赖何种信息以及不同阅读方式产生的影响研究。因此,选取四种类型词(原词、正字法相似词、音似词、无关词)嵌入句子开展三项研究。
研究一考察正字法相似词、音似词是否影响老年人句子可接受性、理解度,采用单因素(形音类型:原词、正字法相似词、音似词、无关词)被试内实验设计,初步探讨老年人阅读时的形音依赖。从可接受性、理解度看,正字法相似句的可接受性、理解度评分显著高于音似句和无关句。结果表明老年人阅读时对正字法相似句可接受性和理解度均高于音似句,表明老年人阅读句子时更倾向于依赖正字法信息通达语义。
研究二采用 2(形音类型:原词、正字法相似、音似、无关)×2(阅读方式: 默读、朗读)的两因素被试内实验设计,探究不同阅读方式对老年人词汇识别形音依赖的影响。实验结果表明,老年人默读和朗读过程中对目标词反应时均原词快于正字法相似词、音似词;正字法相似词快于音似词;无关词反应时最慢。
研究三采用 4(形音类型:原词、正字法相似、音似、无关)×2(阅读方式: 默读、朗读)×2(年龄:年轻、老年)三因素混合实验设计,结合眼动技术,比较老年人与年轻人不同阅读方式过程中的形音依赖。实验结果表明不同阅读条件下,形音类型(如原词、正字法相似词、音似词和无关词)对注视时间有显著影 响。目标词兴趣区结果表明,首次注视指标上,年轻人朗读条件下注视正字法相似词时间快于无关词。凝视时间指标中,老年人朗读条件下注视正字法相似词时间快于无关词;而年轻人在默读方式下均对正字法相似词、音似词注视时间少于无关词。总注视时间指标中,老年人朗读模式下正字法相似词、音似词用时均快于无关词。注视次数指标中,只有老年人朗读时音似词快于无关词。其次是前目标词兴趣区结果。在首次注视时间指标上,老年人与年轻人在两种模式下均表现出正字法相似词、音似词少于无关词。凝视时间指标上,年轻人在朗读时音似词少于无关词。而总注视时间指标上,年轻人朗读时音似词注视时间少于无关词。最后是后目标词区域兴趣区结果,首次注视时间,老年人只有朗读时正字法相似词少于无关词。基于以上结果,老年人默读模式下都会依赖正字法信息、语音信息,朗读时早期偏向依赖正字法信息、晚期偏向依赖语音信息,两种信息依赖程 度均衡。年轻人两种模式下都表现出会依赖正字法信息、语音信息,朗读时依赖语音信息偏向程度高于正字法信息。因此,老年人与年轻人使用不同阅读方式时,既存在认知加工模式系统性差异,也表现出双通道信息依赖的共性。
综上,老年人与年轻人两种阅读方式下对正字法、语音信息的依赖偏向有所异同。老年人阅读和朗读均表现出依赖正字法和语音信息,但其依赖不同通路的时间进程和成因与年轻人有显著差异,伴认知功能随年龄增加而减退影响词汇加工,如视觉加工和工作记忆能力降低等。年轻人朗读时依赖语音信息程度更高。整体结果支持正字法深度假说和双通道理论,表明词典通路和非词典通路均能有效激活词汇语义。本研究揭示老年人在语言加工过程中对正字法信息和语音信息的依赖模式,为深入理解语言加工中的年龄差异提供了有力证据。</p
Social superiority effects in semantic processing
在感知觉领域,以往研究发现了针对社会类刺激(如面孔)的优势效应,这种优势可以分为两方面,一方面是社会刺激在吸引认知资源方面的优势,即人们会自发对社会刺激投入更多的注意(也称社会注意),另一方面社会刺激在加工效率方面的优势(比如更快的反应时和识别准确率)。研究发现,感知觉层面的社会性优势具有神经生物学和进化基础,因而它被认为是在进化中受社交行为收益驱动所形成的。据此推测,语义层面也应该存在类似的社会性优势,但目前支持这种推测的实验证据还非常有限。
本研究从概念表征、词汇语义加工、和语篇加工三个层面对语义加工中社会性优势可能的行为表现提出预期并加以检验。
研究 1 聚焦于概念表征中的社会性优势效应,预期表达高社会性概念的词具有更高的词汇语义表征质量(高被试间一致性)。两个子研究分别基于拖拽范式和自由联想范式,探索了语义表征一致性的社会性优势效应。结果发现词汇的社会性越高则其在个体间的语义表征越一致,支持了概念表征中的社会性优势效应的存在。
研究 2 聚焦于词汇语义加工中的社会性优势效应,预期表达高社会性概念的 词具有更高的词汇识别效率(反映为更短的反应时和更高的正确率)。研究基于3 组开放获取的中文词汇决定和词汇命名数据展开,采用分层回归,控制了多个语言学变量以及非社会语义维度的影响。结果一致发现高社会性词的识别效率更高,支持了词汇语义加工中的社会性优势效应的存在。
研究 3 聚焦于语篇语义加工中的社会性优势效应,预期在自然语篇加工的不同阶段中社会语义都将诱发更多的认知资源投入。研究 3a、3b、3c 分别考察了语篇编码、语篇思考、语篇复述中的社会性优势效应。结果发现,高社会性的词导致了更高的认知投入水平、更强的持续性思考、更高的回忆率。研究 3d 则从语篇主题层面考察社会性优势效应,考察语篇主题对语篇整体认知投入、语篇思考和回忆成绩的影响。结果发现高社会性语篇在认知投入和回忆成绩上都具有优势,且发现语篇社会性对语篇回忆的影响是通过语篇认知投入中介的。
我们的研究发现提示了社会语义作为一类特殊且重要的语义信息会对人类的语义加工和相关行为产生不容忽视的影响,这为语言和社会认知领域的交叉研究提供了重要的启示。</p
Data-driven classification of narrative speech characteristics in stroke aphasia distinguishes neurological and strategic contributions
Narrative speech deficits are common in post-stroke aphasia, resulting in negative influences on social participation and quality of life. Speech rate, complexity, and informativeness deficits all contribute to narrative speech. Research studies typically (implicitly) assume that these aspects of narrative speech production are a result of cognitive/ neurological impairment, but they may also result from strategic choices made as individuals with aphasia attempt to produce narrative speech. Here, we used data-driven methods to classify aphasic narrative speech patterns and evaluated their predictability from lesion patterns. 76 stroke aphasia patients completed 11 narrative speech production tasks. Quantitative Production Analysis (QPA) and Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis were used to measure their structural and functional properties. Based on prior work, we selected QPA measures of speech rate (words per minute) and complexity (mean sentence length, inflection index, and auxiliary index) and four CIU measures of informativeness (#CIU, CIU/min, %CIU, #nonCIU). These measures produced two orthogonal dimensions with four orthogonal participant clusters. Comprehensive comparison between clusters revealed that speech rate and complexity were strongly associated with general aphasia severity and total lesion volume, and were predicted by frontoparietal grey matter and dorsal pathway white matter damage. In contrast, informativeness was independent of other behavioral and neurological deficits, and was not predictable from lesion patterns, suggesting that it reflects communication strategy rather than specific neurological impairment. These results provide an important step toward distinguishing neurological and strategic aspects of narrative speech deficits in post-stroke aphasia, with potential implications for treatment approaches that target communication strategies. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
A cross-sectional study on the relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and somatic symptoms in young bipolar disorder patients
Background Bipolar disorder (BD) with somatic symptoms is a prevalent and refractory clinical syndrome in young patients. Interoception is an important mechanism for coordinating internal physiological and mood states to maintain individual homeostasis, and its mediating physiological systems and brain network dynamics undergo significant development from adolescence to young adulthood. It remains unclear whether interoception is altered and how it relates to somatic and mood symptoms in youths with BD. Methods This study recruited 71 youths (aged 14-25) with BD during maintenance status and 111 age-matched controls. Demographic characteristics, interoceptive sensitivity, somatic symptoms, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed. Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis H test, partial correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to explore the alteration of interoception in BD patients and its association with somatic and mood symptoms. Results BD patients showed lower interoception sensitivity and higher somatic and mood symptoms than controls (p < 0.001). Those with somatic symptoms had the highest depression and anxiety (p < 0.001) but the lowest scores in not-distracting, not-worrying, self-regulation, and trust (p < 0.05). Interoceptive indicators correlated with mood and somatic symptoms (p < 0.05). Not-distracting was the sole predictor of somatic and mood issues, maintaining significance after controlling for mood symptoms (p < 0.05), highlighting attentional focus as a key factor in BD youths. Conclusion BD youths exhibit deficits in interoception sensitivity, somatic symptoms, and mood issues. The not-distracting aspect of interoception significantly correlates with mood and somatic symptoms in youths with BD, providing insights and targeted strategies for managing psychosomatic symptoms in this demographic. Limitations This study has several limitations. First, the control group's inclusion and exclusion criteria lacking clinical validation. Second, assessment for mood and somatic symptoms relied on screening tools rather than validated questionnaires, and structured clinical evaluations for BD were not conducted. Third, medication effects were not considered. Fourth, some psychiatric conditions (e.g., borderline personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc.) comorbid were not considered. Finally, causal relationships cannot be inferred, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies
Integrating generative AI with neurophysiological methods in psychiatric practice
This paper explores the potential integration of generative AI (e.g., large language models) with neuroscientific and physiological approaches in psychiatric practice. Renowned for its advanced natural language processing capabilities, generative AI has shown promise in psychological counseling, emotional support, and clinical interventions. However, its application alongside neuroscience and physiology in psychiatry remains underexplored. We propose that generative AI can facilitate translations and adaptive explanations, streamline experimental preparation, enhance multi-modal data analysis, and improve clinical applications through realtime communication, content generation, and data synthesis. Furthermore, we examine how generative AI, as a specialized application of deep learning, can identify new biomarkers and construct neurophysiological models of psychiatric symptoms. We also discuss the synergistic relationship between neuroscience and AI development, particularly in improving AI's emotional recognition and learning mechanisms. While acknowledging the potential benefits, we address the challenges and risks associated with generative AI in psychiatry, including data reliability, privacy concerns, and resource constraints. This perspective advocates for a balanced approach to leveraging AI's capabilities while safeguarding mental health.</p
Analyzing the Role of Stress in Affecting Sleep Quality and Mental Health in Public Institution Employees
Objective: To investigate the relationship between sleep quality and the life status of employees and the influencing factors in the work environment. The project runs from March 2022 to 2023. The study samples were selected from the health management center of a hospital in Shijiazhuang City, which is the management organization providing regular physical examination services for a unit in Shijiazhuang City. The stress level, sleep quality, and mental and physical health of the patients were investigated by using the Stress Self-assessment Scale (SSQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Scale (PSQI), and Symptom Self-rating Scale 90 (SCL-90). Then, the SPSS25.0 statistical analysis tool and corresponding auxiliary tools arc used to analyze the correlation between variables and their regulatory effect under pressure. Finally, a total of 1022 samples were obtained, of which 984 were valid, and the effective rate was 98.2%. Through the analysis of the samples, it was found that the sleep state was significantly positively correlated with mental and physical health (r = 0.620. p < 0.01). The sleep status was positively correlated with the stress level of the subjects (r = 0.677, p < 0.01). and the mental health status of the subjects was positively correlated with the stress level of the subjects (r = 0.779. p < 0.01). Sleep quality is affected by stress, and the explanation for the effect of stress reaches the level of 5.991. with 95% confidence in the range of 5.412 to 6.611. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between work stress and sleep quality and psychological problems of working environment employees, and work stress plays an intermediary role in sleep quality and psychological problems.</p
IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 2025
Micro-expressions (MEs) are brief, subtle facial expressions that reveal concealed emotions, offering key behavioral cues for social interaction. Characterized by short duration, low intensity, and spontaneity, MEs have been mostly studied through subjective coding, lacking objective, quantitative indicators. This paper explores ME characteristics using facial electromyography (EMG), analyzing data from 147 macro-expressions (MaEs) and 233 MEs collected from 35 participants. First, regarding external characteristics, we demonstrate that MEs are short in duration and low in intensity. Precisely, we proposed an EMG-based indicator, the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC%), to measure ME intensity. Moreover, we provided precise interval estimations of ME intensity and duration, with MVC% ranging from 7% to 9.2% and the duration ranging from 307 ms to 327 ms. This research facilitates fine-grained ME quantification. Second, regarding the internal characteristics, we confirm that MEs are less controllable and consciously recognized compared to MaEs, as shown by participants' responses and self-reports. This study provides a theoretical basis for research on ME mechanisms and real-life applications. Third, building on our previous work, we present CASMEMG, the first public ME database including EMG signals, providing a robust foundation for studying micro-expression mechanisms and movement dynamics through physiological signals.</p
A Longitudinal Study on Early Screening of High-Risk Infants and Toddlers with Autism Based on Social Attention and Joint Attention: Evidence from Eye-Tracking Technology
孤独症谱系障碍 (Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD)是一种以社会交流和社会交往缺陷、重复刻板行为和限制性兴趣为核心特征的广泛性神经发育障碍。在儿童生命初期,视觉注意能力作为一种社会沟通手段,扮演着至关重要的角色。 大量研究发现孤独症儿童在婴幼儿期就已经出现对社会刺激的忽视或对社会线 索不敏感,并可能导致他们未来多种社会能力的发展迟缓或缺陷。联合注意是社会认知发展的关键能力,它是语言和社交技能发展的重要基础。社会注意是联合注意的必要前提,但联合注意中还包含了将他人意图和目标物进行整合等 过程。而孤独症儿童常表现出联合注意缺陷,如注视转换较少、注意脱离困难或潜伏期延长。研究婴儿视觉注意行为能够帮助寻找早于动作和语言行为的线索,成为推进早期筛查的关键。然而,关于孤独症儿童早期社会注意特征及联合注意能力的研究结果尚不一致,目前仍然缺乏强有力的早期筛查指标。由于孤独症具有高度遗传性,有家族病史的儿童患病率远高于普通人群,选择高风险婴幼儿作为研究对象能够增加在研究中识别到孤独症病例的可能性,同时也有助于揭示其潜在机制。本研究旨在运用眼动追踪技术,探究高风险孤独症婴幼儿对社会线索的注意模式及参与联合注意的能力。共 57 名婴幼儿成功参与北京的线下实验,其中孤独症高风险(HR)组22人,低风险(LR)组35人,研究从婴幼儿 6个月起持续追踪至 2岁,共进行 5次。除了比较同年龄高风险儿童的能力差异外,还可以探究儿童的发展变化差异。
研究一考察孤独症高风险婴幼儿对动态场景中社会线索的注意特点,包括两个实验。实验 1 使用视觉寻觅范式考察儿童在社会、动物、自然风景和人造物四种生活中常见景物中的注意选择,并将社会刺激细分成面孔、倒置面孔、卡通面孔、生物运动光点、手的动作和机械手动作六种。实验 2 使用注意偏好 范式考察儿童对社会和非社会刺激的偏好程度,包括人的舞蹈与动态几何图形、生物运动光点和随机运动光点以及人的规律动作与物品的规律动作三种类型。 研究二考察孤独症高风险婴幼儿的联合注意特点,包括两个实验。实验 3 考察儿童回应性联合注意( responding to joint attention,RJA)能力,并加入了头眼、手势和头眼与手势三种不同的发起条件。实验 4考察儿童发起性联合注意 (initiate joint attention,IJA)能力。
研究结果表明:在社会注意方面,(1)高风险孤独症儿童在 6 月、9 月龄时对卡通面孔和手的动作注意时长占比相较于低风险儿童更低,而1岁半后时, 他们出现对面孔、倒置面孔和 BM 光点等社会刺激的注意时长占比高于低风险 儿童。(2)在非社会刺激中,相较于同龄低风险儿童,2岁时的高风险儿童对人造物和动态几何图形注意时长占比显著增加。高风险儿童还在 6 月及 1 岁半以 后对动物的关注少于低风险儿童。
在联合注意方面,(3)高风险儿童在 RJA 整体正确率与低风险儿童没有太 大差异,但他们从 1 岁半到 2 岁却出现正确率的倒退趋势。此外,他们对 RJA 的发起线索中手势的不敏感。(4)高风险儿童 IJA 任务中从人物到目标的注视转换次数与低风险儿童相似,但高风险儿童的注视转换分散在人物、目标和非目标间,低风险儿童则较为集中在人物和目标之间。
本研究发现高风险孤独症婴幼儿可能早期对手部动作的注意时长比低风险儿童更少,并在 2 岁左右的 RJA 任务中表现出对手部线索的不敏感,这可能是正由于他们对手部动作的意图理解能力更弱。孤独症高风险婴幼儿在 1 岁半后可能存在一定的面孔脱离障碍,可能是由于他们的执行功能较为缺乏。除社会刺激外,孤独症高风险婴幼儿表现出较为明显的几何图形偏好与对动物刺激的忽视。这些发现不仅深化了我们对高风险孤独症儿童早期视觉注意特征的理解,还为尽早确立可用于临床筛查的有效指标奠定了坚实的基础。</p
The Impact of Physical Activity on Life Satisfaction: A Heterogeneous Exploration through the Lens of Psychological Capital
生活满意度是主观幸福感的核心构念,反映了个体对自身生活的综合评价与感受,其提升机制是积极心理学研究的重要命题。以往多个研究发现,有规律的身体活动能显著促进个体的生活满意度水平。然而,现有研究对其发生影响的心理机制尚不清楚,影响了相关理论的发展和实践领域的应用。基于资源保存理论与具身认知理论的双重视角,本研究提出身体活动可能通过“长期资源累积”和 “即时动态调节”两种路径影响生活满意度,为解释二者关联的复杂性提供了整合性框架。本研究引入心理资本这一变量,从积极心理学的视角,通过大样本横 断面设计和追踪研究,系统检验心理资本在身体活动水平与生活满意度之间的中介作用。
研究一采用横断面设计,对 10807 名成年人进行问卷调查。其中,身体活动 水平、心理资本以及生活满意度分别采用国际体力活动问卷短卷(Short Form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ-SF)、积极心理资本问卷 (Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire, PPQ)以及生活满意度量表 (Satisfaction With Life Scale, SWLS)进行评估。相关分析结果表明,身体活动 水平、心理资本和生活满意度两两间呈显著正相关。中介效应结果显示,心理资本在身体活动水平对生活满意度的影响中起到完全中介作用,其中介效应占比99.0%。身体活动中,步行时长的效应最突出,其总效应值(β = 0.080771)显著高于剧烈活动(β = 0.065897)和中等强度活动(β = 0.065103),提示低强度日常活动可能通过更优的路径促进心理资源积累。
研究二采用日记法对 87 名成年人开展为期 30 天的追踪研究。即时心理资本和生活满意度采用优化的单题项评估方式在每日固定时间进行电子化采集。身体活动水平参数依据手机所记录的客观步数信息进行采集。多水平中介模型结果发现,在个体内水平上,心理资本在身体活动水平和生活满意度之间起到部分中介作用,步数的直接效应占比达 95.9%,这一结果与横断面研究形成方法学对照,表明主观报告的身体活动更易捕捉特质性心理资本的累积效应,而客观行为数据更易通过即时通路直接提升生活满意度。
两项研究共同揭示,心理资本是身体活动水平影响生活满意度的重要中介因素,其作用强度受时间尺度与测量工具的双重影响。具体而言,主观报告的个体间数据显示,心理资本在身体活动水平和生活满意度的关系中起完全中介作用,符合资源保存理论的“资源投资-增益”路径。而在客观测量的个体内数据则显示,心理资本在身体活动水平与生活满意度之间起部分中介作用,支持具身认知理论的身体经验即时性假说。这一研究结果一方面加深了对生活满意度相关理论的理解,另一方面为同类研究提供了方法学上的启示,提示未来需通过主客观测量融合与多层次建模,区分行为效益的长期积累与短期调节机制,同时也为个体生活满意度的提升提供了有益的实践路径,建议针对心理资本不同维度设计差异化干预方案,并将步行等低强度活动纳入公共健康促进计划。</p
A Mixed Study of the Effects of Work Stress on Depression Among Grassroots Managers in Warehousing Enterprises
基层管理人员是企业运营架构的关键组成部分,在组织中承担着至关重要的职责。对于仓储企业而言,基层管理者不仅需确保物流的高效运转、提升库存的准确性及保障货物的安全性,还需有效协调员工的工作安排与任务分配。关注基层管理者的心理健康,既有助于其更好地应对工作压力,提升工作效率与绩效,也能增强其与一线员工的沟通能力,从而建立良好的员工关系,营造更加和谐的工作环境。本研究旨在探讨基层管理人员的工作压力与抑郁之间的关系,以期更有效地预防不良行为的发生,促进管理团队的健康发展,提升仓储企业的整体稳定性与发展潜力。
研究一:采用量化研究方法,通过问卷法共发放 838 份问卷,回收 517 份有效问卷,采用工作压力量表、员工沟通意愿量表、组织支持感量表和流调中心抑量表进行施测,通过 SPSS27.0 统计软件对数据进行统计分析,建立了以工作压力(分为挑战性压力源和阻碍性压力源)为自变量,沟通意愿和组织支持感为中介变量,抑郁为因变量的链式中介模型。结果显示,挑战性压力源和阻碍性压力源具有相似路径,即工作压力正向预测基层管理人员抑郁;沟通意愿在工作压力和抑郁中起显著的中介作用;组织支持感在工作压力和基层管理人员抑郁间起显著的中介作用;沟通意愿、组织支持感在工作压力和抑郁间存在链式中介作用。
研究二:采用质性研究方法,随机对 21 名节奏比较快的仓储企业基层管理人员进行半结构访谈,深入探索基层管理人员面对工作压力的情绪感受,了解压力下沟通意愿的潜在影响因素,进一步验证工作压力下影响沟通意愿的路径。根据扎根理论分析访谈文本,提取出家庭因素(家庭成长环境、家庭责任和家庭牵绊)、组织因素(组织安全、组织公平、上级支持、沟通机会和工作职责)、社会因素(社会需要)、人的因素(反刍思维、性格差异、认同水平、人际接纳和心理韧性)、行为表现(工作表现、沟通表现)和个人成长发展(自我效能、行为 转变)六个核心范畴。通过撰写故事来概括研究内容,最后提炼出“基层管理人员成长路径”模型。结果显示:个人、环境和行为三个因素的交互驱动,共同塑造了基层管理人员的成长路径。研究二的模型拓展了研究一的链式中介路径解释, 进一步发现资源的补充作用。
综上,本研究得出结论:
(1)仓储企业基层管理人员面临较高的工作压力,并且工作压力与抑郁存在正向关联,即工作压力的增加可能导致抑郁水平的加剧。
(2)工作压力与沟通意愿、组织支持感之间呈现负向关联。同时沟通意愿、 组织支持感还分别对抑郁产生了显著的负向影响。
(3)工作压力对抑郁的影响路径因压力源类型而异:挑战性压力源对抑郁呈现完全中介作用,阻碍性压力源则呈现部分中介作用。
(4)个人、环境与行为三者之间的交互作用共同推动基层管理人员的职业发展,认知因素发挥着至关重要的作用。</p