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Network Analysis of Comorbidity of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Middle-aged and Elderly Patients with Chronic Diseases
No full text慢性非传染性疾病（以下简称慢病）是危害人类健康首要因素。CiteSpace 分析近 35 年慢病大数据研究热点与趋势，显示慢病群体普遍抑郁共病焦虑，“身 体活动”高度关联“抑郁”“焦虑”“慢病”等关键词，表明该主题已成慢病心理干预研究核心议题之一。
我国慢病主体 46 岁以上人群共病抑郁和焦虑比率显著高于普通人群，极大升高病患死亡率、增加医疗成本、恶化临床预后。慢病抑郁与焦虑共病亟待解决。
心理病理学网络分析已成研究心理症状常规方法，中老年慢病患者抑郁与焦虑共病研究数量较少且结论不一，局限于通过无向偏相关网络高斯图模型（GGM） 探索网络中心性指标（强度、预期影响指数、桥接预期影响指数等），缺乏其他维度及层面方法应用，如贝叶斯有向网络建模、计算机模拟干预等。现有证据表明，尚无中老年慢病患者抑郁与焦虑共病网络调节机制研究。
两个子研究采用“中国居民心理与行为调查研究数据库”（PBICR）2021 年横断面数据，选出 1,069 例 46 岁以上中老年慢病患者及 1888 名健康参与者，排除认知功能障碍、视听缺陷、精神疾病、可能致精神症状神经系统疾病和恶性肿瘤病史。研究一针对年龄、性别、家庭人均月收入、最高文化程度等协变量采用倾向性得分匹配（Propensity Score Matching, PSM），得到慢病组与健康组样本各 983 人。采用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）和广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）测量参 与者抑郁及焦虑症状。应用网络分析方法，分别构建高斯图模型（GGM）、贝叶 斯有向无环图（DAG）及节点识别算法（NIRA）计算机模拟干预网络，探索中老年慢病患者抑郁与焦虑共病的网络结构特征及各网络中关键症状节点。研究二筛选 1069 名 46 岁以上慢病患者身体活动水平、性别、家庭人均月收入及是否独居作调节变量，采用有调节的网络分析（MNA），探索上述调节变量是否显著调节慢病患者抑郁与焦虑共病网络，并探索各调节效应是否影响研究一发现的关键症状节点。
研究一发现，与健康组相比，慢病改变了部分症状间关联模式，且两组网络关键节点上有差异。无向偏相关网络中，慢病组以“静坐不能”等焦虑症状为核心，健康组则以抑郁症状“烦躁不安或行动迟缓”预期影响最高。有向无环图显示，慢病组网络激发节点为“无价值感”，可能驱动“认知-躯体”路径，最终引 发“难以专注”、“食欲紊乱”等多个躯体症状；健康组激发点则为“不可控的担 忧”。NIRA 模拟干预进一步识别出，“疲劳”是跨组别关键治疗靶点；“自杀意 念”与“不可控担忧”分别为慢病组与健康组最关键预防节点。
研究二有调节的网络分析（MNA）表明，针对慢病人群，身体活动正向调节“难以专注”与“自杀意念”及“食欲紊乱”关联，高水平身体活动者其相关 性更强；性别显著调节“睡眠障碍”与“食欲紊乱”连接强度，且男性更强。
本研究系统识别中老年慢病患者抑郁与焦虑共病网络关键症状靶点及网络调节机制，提供了未来针对该人群以“无价值感”和“疲劳”作为干预靶点的理论依据，以及实施保护性身体活动等干预措施参考，并提示临床高度关注慢病患者“自杀意念”的预警作用。</p
How Does Perceived Organizational Support Influence Employee Turnover Intention? The Mediating Role of Career Growth Opportunities and the Moderating Role of Psychological Entitlement
No full text在当前快速变化的职场环境中，员工的离职倾向已成为组织和人力资源管理者高度关注的话题。高离职率不仅造成人力资源流失，还可能引发知识断层、成本上升和团队士气低落，严重影响企业稳定的发展。尽管已有研究从薪酬、压力和领导风格等多角度探讨离职成因，但多数研究仍限于静态分析，难以全面揭示其动态机制。尤其在当今注重心理契约与价值认同的背景下，传统模型解释力有限，亟需从心理与情境的交互作用入手，为人才保留策略提供理论依据与实践指导。
基于社会交换理论，本研究拟探讨组织支持感对离职倾向的影响，并重点分析职业成长机会的中介作用及心理权利的调节效应。社会交换理论强调员工与组织之间是一种互惠关系：当员工感知到组织支持时，会以更高忠诚和更低离职意愿作为回报。组织支持感作为员工对组织重视自身贡献和福祉的整体信念，是预测离职倾向的关键因素。本研究进一步提出，职业成长机会作为中介变量，体现组织支持通过提供发展路径、技能提升和晋升机会满足员工成长需求，从而减少离职动机。同时，心理权利作为一种个体特质，可能调节这一机制：心理权利高的员工往往期待更高，其组织支持感对离职倾向和职业成长的影响可能更为显著。 通过构建一个有调节的中介模型，本研究旨在深入揭示变量间复杂机制，为组织制定差异化人才管理策略提供支持。
本研究通过两项独立的问卷调查，系统考察了中国情境下组织支持感对员工离职倾向的内在影响机制。在研究方法上，研究一（N=346）采用横断面设计，收集组织支持感、职业成长机会和离职倾向的数据以进行中介模型初步检验；研究二（N=287）则基于全新样本开展独立验证有调节的中介作用，进一步强化研究结论的稳健性。数据分析采用SPSS 27.0和Amos 26.0进行，结果表明：在两个独立样本中，职业成长机会均在组织支持感与离职倾向之间发挥显著的部分中介作用；更为重要的是，研究二结果指出心理权利显著调节了组织支持感对职业成长机会的预测作用，即对于高心理权利个体而言，组织支持感通过促进职业成长机会进而降低离职倾向的间接效应更为强烈。这一发现不仅揭示了职业成长机会在员工离职决策中的关键桥梁作用，更深化了我们对心理权利这一人格特质如何塑造员工对组织支持感知及后续反应的理解，为组织管理实践提供了重要的理论依据。
本研究通过两项独立的问卷调查，系统考察了中国情境下组织支持感对员工离职倾向的内在影响机制。在研究方法上，研究一（N=346）采用横断面设计，收集组织支持感、职业成长机会和离职倾向的数据以进行中介模型初步检验；研究二（N=287）则基于全新样本开展独立验证有调节的中介作用，进一步强化研究结论的稳健性。数据分析采用SPSS 27.0和Amos 26.0进行，结果表明：在两个 独立样本中，职业成长机会均在组织支持感与离职倾向之间发挥显著的部分中介作用；更为重要的是，研究二结果指出心理权利显著调节了组织支持感对职业成长机会的预测作用，即对于高心理权利个体而言，组织支持感通过促进职业成长 机会进而降低离职倾向的间接效应更为强烈。这一发现不仅揭示了职业成长机会在员工离职决策中的关键桥梁作用，更深化了我们对心理权利这一人格特质如何塑造员工对组织支持感知及后续反应的理解，为组织管理实践提供了重要的理论依据。
本研究通过引入职业成长机会作为中介变量，拓展了组织支持感影响离职倾向的路径机制，同时发现心理权利在该过程中的正向调节作用，丰富了社会交换理论在组织行为中的应用。研究成果为组织降低员工流失、促进人岗匹配和共同发展提供了实证依据与管理启示。</p
Random Forest for Multi-Output Analysis of University Students’ Prosocial Behaviors
No full textThis study examines differential effects that different demographic variables and the subgroup-based community management model in universities on college students' prosocial behavior. Our dataset includes survey responses from 307 students enrolled in universities implementing this management model and 200 students from non-implementing universities. We employed the Random Forest algorithm to training AI model on 90% of the participant sample and reserving the remaining 10% for validation. The model achieved a prediction accuracy of 96.08%, demonstrating strong reliability in assessing the relationship between community-based subgroup management and prosocial behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, Random Forest shows the importance of independent variables.</p
Mapping directionality in trait mindfulness processes: insights from directed acyclic graphs of Bayesian network analysis
No full textTrait mindfulness refers to an individual's ability to maintain present moment awareness in a nonjudgmental manner. At a micro level, trait mindfulness is composed of psychological processes that form sequentially. Although previous studies have examined the network structure of trait mindfulness, few have focused on the directionality of each mindfulness process from an item-level perspective. Based on the theoretical framework of mindfulness mechanisms, this study used Bayesian network analysis to examine the directional relationships of each trait mindfulness process involving 724 young adults (Mage = 19.27 years, SD = 1.06) from China. The results were visualized as directed acyclic graphs, demonstrating the formation of mindfulness processes from foundational processes to adaptive processes. The foundational process "Focusing on present" within the "Present Focus" dimension triggered a foundational process in each of the other three dimensions: "Track awareness" (Awareness), "Accept thoughts and feelings" (Acceptance), and "Distraction/Concentration" (Attention). Adaptive mindfulness processes were located in the lower part of the network, such as "Emotional tolerance" (Acceptance), "Future preoccupation" (Present Focus). These mindfulness processes were directed to "Nonjudgmental thoughts". A microscopic level investigation deepens the understanding of the internal structure of trait mindfulness and offers insights for designing effective mindfulness interventions.</p
The role of anhedonia symptoms in symptomatology of posttraumatic stress disorder and related functional impairments among traumatized Chinese adults
No full textBackground: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder comprised of heterogeneous clinical symptoms. Various studies have demonstrated that anhedonia is a distinct symptom dimension of PTSD. However, the association between anhedonia dimension and different aspects of PTSD symptomatology remains unclear.Objective: This study examined the associations between anhedonia symptoms and PTSD diagnosis, overall symptom severity, and both psychosocial and physical functional impairments.Method: A total of 1,063 adult survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were assessed nine years after the disaster. PTSD symptoms and functional outcomes were measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between anhedonia and key outcomes, controlling for relevant covariates. Partial correlation analyses were used to provide supplementary effect size estimates.Results: Anhedonia symptoms were significantly associated with both PTSD diagnosis and levels of overall symptoms, and specifically associated with psychosocial function impairments rather than physical function impairments. Relative to the other PTSD symptom dimensions anhedonia showed the second highest correlation with PTSD diagnosis and levels of overall symptoms and medium correlation with psychosocial function impairments.Conclusions: These findings suggest that anhedonia may represent an important symptom dimension within PTSD, particularly in relation to symptom severity and psychosocial functioning. The results highlight the potential value of further investigating anhedonia in both PTSD assessment and cross-diagnostic research. Introducci & oacute;n: El trastorno de estr & eacute;s postraum & aacute;tico (TEPT) es un trastorno mental compuesto por s & iacute;ntomas cl & iacute;nicos heterog & eacute;neos. Diversos estudios han demostrado que la anhedonia constituye un grupo de s & iacute;ntomas distinto dentro del TEPT. Sin embargo, la relaci & oacute;n entre la dimensi & oacute;n de anhedonia y los diferentes aspectos de la sintomatolog & iacute;a del TEPT a & uacute;n no est & aacute; claramente establecida.Objetivo: Este estudio examin & oacute; las asociaciones entre los s & iacute;ntomas de anhedonia y el diagn & oacute;stico de TEPT, la gravedad global de los s & iacute;ntomas y las alteraciones funcionales tanto psicosociales como f & iacute;sicas.M & eacute;todo: Un total de 1.063 adultos sobrevivientes del terremoto de Wenchuan de 2008 fueron evaluados nueve a & ntilde;os despu & eacute;s del desastre. Los s & iacute;ntomas de TEPT y los resultados funcionales se midieron mediante la Lista de Chequeo para TEPT seg & uacute;n el DSM-5 (PCL-5) y la Encuesta de Salud de Formato Breve (SF-36). Se realizaron an & aacute;lisis de regresi & oacute;n m & uacute;ltiple para examinar las asociaciones entre anhedonia y los resultados clave, controlando covariables relevantes. Adem & aacute;s, se realizaron an & aacute;lisis de correlaci & oacute;n parcial para proporcionar estimaciones suplementarias del tama & ntilde;o del efecto.Resultados: Los s & iacute;ntomas de anhedonia se asociaron significativamente tanto con el diagn & oacute;stico de TEPT como con el nivel global de s & iacute;ntomas, y se asociaron espec & iacute;ficamente con alteraciones de la funci & oacute;n psicosocial, pero no con alteraciones de la funci & oacute;n f & iacute;sica. En comparaci & oacute;n con otros grupos sintom & aacute;ticos del TEPT, la anhedonia mostr & oacute; la segunda correlaci & oacute;n m & aacute;s alta con el diagn & oacute;stico de TEPT y el nivel global de s & iacute;ntomas, as & iacute; como una correlaci & oacute;n de magnitud media con las alteraciones de la funci & oacute;n psicosocial.Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sugieren que la anhedonia podr & iacute;a representar una dimensi & oacute;n sintom & aacute;tica importante dentro del TEPT, particularmente en relaci & oacute;n con la gravedad de los s & iacute;ntomas y el funcionamiento psicosocial. Los resultados destacan el valor potencial de seguir investigando la anhedonia tanto en la evaluaci & oacute</p
Fighting Aging With Creation: The Sense of Feeling Old Enhances Young Consumers' Desire for Experiential Creation Consumption
No full textExtensive research has examined the implications of the Sense of Feeling Old (SOFO) among older adults, revealing that it often diminishes their consumption of innovative or novel products. However, recent studies indicate that SOFO is not exclusive to the elderly; young people also encounter this phenomenon when exposed to aging-related cues. Despite this, the influence of SOFO on young people's consumption behavior remains underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how SOFO influences young people's experiential creation consumption. Through five experimental studies across diverse cultural settings, we demonstrate that SOFO heightens young people's openness to learning, which subsequently enhances their preference for experiential creation. However, these effects are moderated by contingent self-worth of youthfulness and perceived attainability of youthfulness, with individuals exhibiting low levels in these dimensions showing attenuated responses. Beyond contributing to the literature on SOFO and experiential creation consumption, this research offers practical insights for marketers, suggesting that inducing SOFO can be an effective strategy for promoting experiential creation consumption among young people.</p
Theta oscillations between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala support dynamic representations of threat and safety
No full textThe amygdala exhibits distinct different activity patterns to threat and safety stimuli. Animal studies have demonstrated that the fear (i.e., threat) and extinction (i.e., safety) memory are encoded by the amygdala and its interaction with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Recent studies in both animals and humans suggest that the inter-regional interaction between amygdala and vmPFC can be supported by theta oscillations during fear processing. However, the mechanism by which the human vmPFC-amygdala pathway dynamically supports neural representations of the same stimulus remains elusive, as it alternatively reflects threat and safety situations. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted intracranial EEG recordings in drug-resistant epilepsy patients (n = 8) with implanted depth electrodes who performed a fear conditioning and extinction task. This task was designed with a fixed structure whereby specific CS+ stimulus could be either safe (never paired with US) or threatening (possibly paired with US) based on an implicit rule during fear acquisition. Our findings showed that the stimulus embodying potential threat information was accompanied by increased theta activities in amygdala during both fear acquisition and early extinction. Furthermore, the learning of safety information was associated with enhanced theta-related direction from the vmPFC to the amygdala. This study provided directly electrophysiological evidence supporting the dynamic oscillatory modulation of threat and safety representations in the human amygdala-vmPFC circuit, and suggests that amygdala safety processing depends on theta inputs from the vmPFC in both fear acquisition and extinction.</p
Multidisciplinary expert consensus on weight management for overweight and obese children andadolescents based on healthy lifestyle
No full text近些年来，儿童青少年超重肥胖发生率快速上升，严重威胁他们的身心健康。为了给超重肥胖儿童青少年提供科学、系统、规范的体重管理指导，本共识聚焦健康生活方式干预的核心理念，汇聚多学科专家意见和研究成果，提出了涵盖科学运动干预、精准营养膳食、优化睡眠管理及规范心理支持的多学科综合干预方案，呼吁建立政府主导、家庭践行、校园营造、个体主动、社区优化、医疗强化、多方协同的多主体联动管理机制，强调以儿童青少年为中心，通过全方位、多层次、个性化的指导策略，促进健康生活方式的内化与维持，为积极有效地防控超重肥胖，提升儿童青少年健康水平提供参考和建议。</p
Atrophy of hypothalamic subregions increases migraine risk: cross-sectional study and mendelian randomization analysis
No full textBackground The hypothalamus is a versatile structure comprising several nuclei that play key roles in regulating various biological processes associated with migraine, including hormone secretion, metabolism, circadian rhythm, and autonomic nervous system functions. However, the involvement of hypothalamic subregions in migraine remains unclear. Methods Based on T1-weighted MRI data from 76 migraine patients (23 episodic migraine [EM], 53 chronic migraine [CM]) and 35 healthy controls (HCs), we examined group differences in the volume of five hypothalamic subregions. To clarify causal relationships between migraine and hypothalamic volume, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Mediation analysis was further performed to assess the role of gut microbiota composition in this association. Results Compared to HCs, migraine patients exhibited significantly reduced total hypothalamic volume (813.53 +/- 66.46 mm(3) vs. 831.86 +/- 57.91 mm(3); FDR q = 0.048) and inferior tuberal hypothalamic volume (255.26 +/- 30.17 mm(3) vs. 265.29 +/- 23.32 mm(3); FDR q = 0.046). These reductions were particularly pronounced in patients with CM, whereas no significant differences were observed in those with EM. MR analysis revealed causal effects of total hypothalamic volumes (OR = 0.80, FDR q = 7.28 x 10(-5)) and inferior tuberal hypothalamic volumes (OR = 0.85, FDR q = 2.61 x 10(-2)) on migraine, providing causal evidence to support the observational findings from the cross-sectional study. Furthermore, specific gut microbiome (genus DefluviitaleaceaeUCG011, genus Eubacteriumruminantiumgroup, and family FamilyXIII) were identified as partial mediators of the hypothalamus-migraine link (FDR q < 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that atrophy of the inferior tuberal subregion of the hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in increasing migraine risk, and that this effect is partially mediated through alterations in gut microbiome composition.</p
Alterations in whole-brain white matter fiber networks in individuals with autism spectrum disorder after social skills training
No full textSocial skills training (SST) has demonstrated efficacy in improving social deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated alterations in whole-brain white matter network topology after SST in ASD individuals and explored potential correlation with improvements in social interaction deficits. 38 ASD patients aged 12-30 years were recruited, including 19 who completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and social responsiveness scale (SRS) assessments at both baseline and the endpoint of a 14-week SST (training group) and 19 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched patients who underwent MRI scans and SRS assessment at the same time points but did not receive SST (control group). White matter connectivity matrices were constructed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and graph theory analysis was used to assess global and nodal network properties. Paired t-tests and independent-samples t-tests were used for within-and between-group comparisons, respectively. Pearson's partial correlation was used to examine associations between network changes and SRS scores changes. After SST, four edges showed significant changes in white matter connectivity (FDR-corrected), with three increased and one decreased in the training group. Changes in nodal betweenness were also observed. While SRS scores significantly decreased in the training group, no significant correlations were found between neuroimaging changes and behavioral improvements, possibly due to the limited sample size. These findings suggest that SST may reshape white matter network, offering insights into its neural mechanisms and informing novel ASD intervention strategies
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