Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Suicide attempts in elderly Han Chinese patients with major depressive disorder: prevalence and associated factors
No full textObjective: Suicide attempts (SA) are common in elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but few studies have focused on the prevalence and associated factors in elderly Chinese Han patients with MDD. Method: A total of 266 first episode and drug na & iuml;ve older patients with MDD (age >= 50 years) were recruited. We measured depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and psychotic symptoms by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical General Impression Inventory (CGI-S). Fasting serum samples were collected to measure thyroid hormone levels and metabolic parameters. Results: The prevalence of SA was 24.4 %. Patients with SA had higher HAMD, HAMA, PANSS positive subscale and CGI-S scores, as well as higher levels of TSH, TgAb, TPOAb, FBG, TC, LDL-C, TG, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis showed that suicide attempts were correlated with HAMA score, CGI-S score and TC levels in elderly patients with MDD. Conclusions: The findings show a high prevalence of suicide attempts in elderly patients with MDD. In elderly patients with MDD, severity of anxiety, CGI-S score and TC levels were associated factors for suicide attempts
Aberrant anterior insula underlies interoceptive deficits in alexithymia among schizophrenia patients
No full textObjective: This study aims to investigate the unique neural mechanisms underpinning abnormal interoception in schizophrenia patients with comorbid alexithymia. The focus is on identifying aberrant activation patterns and functional connectivities of the insula cortex with regions involved in emotional processing. Methods: Fifty schizophrenia patients were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Task-based fMRI scans were conducted to observe brain activation patterns during interoceptive conditions. Results: Alexithymic patients showed higher alexithymia and lower interoception compared to non-alexithymic patients. During the interoceptive task, alexithymic patients exhibited reduced activation in the anterior insula (AI), while no difference was observed in the posterior insula (PI). Functional connectivity analysis revealed reduced connectivity between the AI and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in alexithymic patients. Moreover, the connection between the AI and the ACC mediated the relationship between interoception and alexithymia. Conclusion: These results suggested that alexithymic schizophrenia patients struggle to integrate interoceptive afferents with emotional salience, and highlighted AI's role in the interplay between interoceptive awareness and emotional articulation in alexithymic schizophrenia, suggesting a potential neurobiological pathway for targeted interventions. Trial registration: The research is registered with the China Clinical Trials Registry (CCTR), under the registration number ChiCTR2400080313 on January 15, 2024
The lifespan trajectories of brain activities related to conflict-driven cognitive control
No full textCognitive control is fundamental to human goal-directed behavior. Understanding its trajectory across the lifespan is crucial for optimizing cognitive function throughout life, particularly during periods of rapid development and decline. While existing studies have revealed an inverted U-shaped trajectory of cognitive control in both behavioral and anatomical domains, the age-related changes in functional brain activities remain poorly understood. To bridge this gap, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 139 neuroimaging studies using conflict tasks, encompassing 3765 participants aged 5 to 85 years. We adopted the seed-based d mapping (SDM), generalized additive model (GAM), and model comparison approaches to investigate age-related changes in brain activities to characterize the lifespan trajectories of cognitive control. Our analyses revealed two key findings: (1) The predominant lifespan trajectory is inverted U-shaped, rising from childhood to peak in young adulthood (between 27 and 36 years) before declining in later adulthood; (2) Both the youth and the elderly show weaker brain activities and greater left laterality than young adults. These results collectively reveal the lifespan trajectories of cognitive control, highlighting systematic fluctuations in brain activities with age.</p
Intelligent Assessment of Scientific Creativity by Integrating Data Augmentation and Pseudo-Labeling
No full textScientific creativity is a crucial indicator of adolescents’ potential in science and technology, and its automated evaluation plays a vital role in the early identification of innovative talent. To address challenges such as limited sample sizes, high annotation costs, and modality heterogeneity, this study proposes a multimodal assessment method that integrates data augmentation and pseudo-labeling techniques. For the first time, a joint enhancement approach is introduced that combines textual and visual data with a pseudo-labeling strategy to accommodate the characteristics of text–image integration in elementary students’ cognitive expressions. Specifically, SMOTE is employed to expand questionnaire data, EDA is used to enhance hand-drawn text–image data, and text–image semantic alignment is applied to improve sample quality. Additionally, a confidence-driven pseudo-labeling mechanism is incorporated to optimize the use of unlabeled data. Finally, multiple machine learning models are integrated to predict scientific creativity. The results demonstrate the following: 1. Data augmentation significantly increases sample diversity, and the highest accuracy of information alignment was achieved when text and images were matched. 2. The combination of data augmentation and pseudo-labeling mechanisms improves model robustness and generalization. 3. Family environment, parental education, and curiosity are key factors influencing scientific creativity. This study offers a cost-effective and efficient approach for assessing scientific creativity in elementary students and provides practical guidance for fostering their innovative potential.</p
The relationship between creativity and trauma in college students and its neural basis
No full text创伤作为人类生活中普遍存在的现象，既对个体心理健康构成挑战，也可能引发深层次的心理重建与适应变化。创伤后成长作为创伤研究中的重要方向，提示我们创伤并非只带来消极后果。然而，关于创伤后成长的实证研究尚未充分揭示成长的本质。与此同时，创造力被视为整合情绪体验、认知资源与社会适应力的关键能力，其来源问题一直是心理学领域的重要议题。历史计量学研究发现，许多具有非凡创造力的人物都经历过早期创伤，但这一现象尚未被深入探索。已有研究指出，创伤可能改变个体的情绪调节、认知灵活性和人格特质等方面，而这些方面与创造性潜能相关。同时，创伤后大脑结构和功能改变的核心区域，恰好与创造性过程的核心区域相关或相同。但创伤与创造力之间的内在关系及其神经机制仍缺乏系统探讨。
本论文将通过两个研究来系统探讨创伤与创造力的关系及其影响因素，并进一步揭示其神经机制。研究一通过大样本调查，系统分析创伤与创造力的现象学关系及其影响因素。研究在中国不同层次的大学招募了 1216 名大学生。测量了创伤经历、创造力、复杂性创伤后应激障碍（CPTSD）、大五人格、心理韧性、认知灵活性和人口学问卷。研究 1a 结果表明，创伤经历和创造力存在倒 U 型曲线关系。进一步探究了创伤和创造力倒 U 型关系的调节变量，发现 CPTSD 和神经质人格可以调节创伤经历和创造力的关系。具体而言，（1）在高水平 CPTSD 组，创伤和创造力呈正向线性关系；在中等水平 CPTSD 碍组，创伤经历和创造 力呈倒 U 型曲线关系；在低水平 CPTSD 组，创伤和创造力没有关系；（2）神经质越高的个体，创伤和创造力呈正向线性关系。研究 1b 采用潜剖面模型探究 CPTSD 和创造力的共现模式。结果发现，CPTSD 和创造力的共现模式可以分为 3 个潜在亚组，分别为：（1）CPTSD 症状组（n = 239，占样本的 19.6%），该 群体的 CPTSD 水平最高，而创造力水平较低；（2）创造性成长组（n = 41，占 样本的 3.4%），该群体的 CPTSD 水平中等，但创造力水平最高；（3）低影响 组（n = 936，占样本的 77.0%），该群体的 CPTSD 和创造力水平均最低。进一步探究 CPTSD 和创造力的共现模式的影响因素。发现开放性、控制感和创伤经历是创造力和 CPTSD 的“共享脆弱因素”。学习文学艺术、拥有流动经历、不良的亲子关系是创造力的“促进因素”。高神经质是 CPTSD 的“风险因素”。
研究二利用功能性核磁共振成像技术，从神经机制层面探究创伤与创造力关系的大脑结构和功能特征及差异。基于研究一的发现，从研究一的大样本中筛选</p
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Identification of National Stereotypes Toward China, the United States, and India, and the Intervention of Negative National Attitudes
No full text国家刻板印象是受众对一个国家形象形成的固有认知和观念，由此引发的负面态度不仅会影响个体的跨文化互动，还可能加剧国际冲突与误解、阻碍跨国的交流与合作。以往研究多采用行为实验或问卷调查，存在测量效率低、受限于既有理论框架等问题。本研究将计算机科学与传统心理学方法结合，使用自由描述的实验范式，应用人工智能（Artificial Intelligence, AI）技术来识别国家刻板印象并干预国家负面态度。
为了探究受众对某一国家印象的共识内容——国家刻板印象，本文首先基于大语言模型（Large Language Model, LLM）从不同国籍被试对中国、美国、印度这三个国家的自由描述文本中提取出具有生态效度的国家刻板印象内容，通过文本嵌入的自然语言处理（Natural Language Processing, NLP）方法对这些内容的一致性和跨国差异性进行量化，从而印证国家刻板印象的存在及多样性。研究结果显示，同一国籍的受众对他国的刻板印象具有较高一致性程度，同时刻板印象内容在不同国家间存在显著差异。
为进一步揭示动态复杂的国家刻板印象背后的跨文化潜在结构，研究二采用了主题建模（topic modeling）等多种文本挖掘技术，针对不同国籍的被试数据进行维度构建。通过应用 LLM（GPT-4o）对这些结果进行整合，跨文化的国家刻板印象维度通用模型得以构建，总共包含五个维度：文化丰富性、发达进步、强权威胁、社会平等和专制独裁。在此五维度基础上，通过多种 LLM 技术，研究三开发了国家刻板印象维度自动化评分模型，实现了对自由描述文本的批量评分。结果显示，评分模型在效标效度和重测信度上均表现优异，能够有效模拟专家评分标准。其中综合来看，基于 GPT-4o 构建的模型表现最优。这种方法减少了传统心理测量方法中的误差积累，并具备测量的一致性和可扩展性。
研究四进一步采用该评分模型，结合受众个体特征，构建结构方程模型 （Structural Equation Modeling, SEM）探讨受众特征对其所持有的国家刻板印象的影响机制。结果表明，受众反映在外倾性和宜人性上的社交性和年龄能够显著预测其所持有的国家刻板印象，其中高社交性个体更倾向于持有正面的国家印象，而年长个体更容易形成较为负面的国家印象，国家刻板印象也能较好地反映在研究二得到的五个维度中。研究表明国家刻板印象不仅是群体共识的产物，还受到个体特征的调节。
最后，研究五基于 LLM（GPT-4o），从干预针对某一国家的负面态度的角度出发，重点评估 AI 在生成干预信息方面的有效性。实验结果显示，GPT-4o 生成的干预信息在说服力上不逊于人类专家，甚至在某些维度的某些角度上表现更加优异。进一步的个案分析结合了研究二得到的国家刻板印象的跨文化维度模型，发现文化丰富性维度中微观层面的跨文化信息传播（例如尝试中国饮食）能够有效改善受众对特定国家的负面态度，这表明基于 AI 的信息干预与现实中的跨文化互动可相辅相成，共同促进国家负面态度的改善。
这五个研究内容不仅深化了国家刻板印象的理论框架，也为实际应用中如何干预国家负面态度提供了具体的策略和方法。在全球化背景下，本研究为促进跨文化理解与合作提供了新的视角，并为未来的社会认知研究提供了宝贵的理论基础。</p
The effects of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions in young children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
No full textThe Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) have been widely regarded as the gold standard for early intervention in children with autism. However, there is still ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of different NDBIs based on current research evidence. Furthermore, limited knowledge exists regarding which interventions are most suitable for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In order to address these gaps, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review using network meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of NDBIs on children aged up to 8 years old who have ASD. Ultimately, forty-one papers involving 2781 participants and six distinct intervention methods were included in our analysis. This study assessed the efficacy of interventions across five domains: receptive language skills, expressive language skills, cognitive development, reduction in symptoms associated with ASD, and social skills enhancement. The findings from our analysis suggest that ESDM may be considered as the most effective intervention for improving receptive language, expressive language and cognitive development. LEAP most likely the most effective intervention to alleviate symptoms related to ASD. Additionally, ESI appears to be the optimal intervention method for enhancing social skills among this population group. Overall, this study fills an important gap in previous literature reviews by providing valuable insights into early NDBIs specifically tailored for children diagnosed with ASD
Do Chinese preschoolers follow adults' suggestions? The impact of suggestion fairness and advisor familiarity on preschoolers' sharing behavior
No full textIntroduction While preschoolers' sharing behavior is an important indicator of social development, it remains unclear how adult suggestions influence their sharing decisions.Methods This study investigated how suggestion fairness (fair/unfair) and advisor familiarity (familiar/unfamiliar) affect preschoolers' sharing behavior and its relationship with emotional experiences. Two experiments were conducted with 187 preschoolers aged 3-6 years (Experiment 1: n = 124, M = 4.54 years, SD = 1.02; Experiment 2: n = 63, M = 5.50 years, SD = 0.28) using a dictator game paradigm.Results Results revealed that despite having a more mature understanding of fairness, 5-6-year-olds were more susceptible to adult suggestions compared to 3-4-year-olds. Older preschoolers were more likely to follow suggestions from familiar advisors while showing less compliance with unfamiliar advisors' suggestions. Additionally, 5-6-year-olds demonstrated greater consistency between fairness judgments and actual sharing behavior, whereas 3-4-year-olds showed a larger cognition-behavior gap. Notably, children who shared more than they deemed fair ("over-sharing") reported experiencing more positive emotions.Discussion This study found that both suggestion fairness and advisor familiarity significantly influence preschoolers' sharing decisions, with age-specific patterns in suggestion compliance and emotional experiences
Dysfunctions of Reward Motivation Adaptation in Patients With Schizophrenia
No full textDiminished reward motivation in the wanting or liking dimension constitutes one of the core dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, it remains unclear whether patients with SCZ would dynamically adapt their wanting or liking towards reward in response to a favourable effort-reward ratio and whether such adaptation correlates with their clinical symptoms or functional outcome. In this study, thirty patients with SCZ and 30 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to complete the reward motivation adaptation task (RMAT) based on mental arithmetic effort and manipulating effort-reward ratios. Clinical symptoms were assessed in the clinical group while pleasure experience and social functioning were assessed in all participants. We found that patients with SCZ exhibited less reward wanting and liking than HC in "effort = reward" and "effort < reward" conditions. Neither reward wanting nor liking in patients with SCZ adapted with effort-reward ratio as indicated by significantly smaller coefficients (beta wanting and beta liking) compared with HCs. Besides, SCZ patients' adaptation ability was positively correlated with social functioning in daily life. In conclusion, this study indicates that patients with SCZ not only exhibited reduced reward motivation in favourable conditions but also dysfunctions of reward motivation adaptation, and such deficits could explain poor functional outcome
The effects of second-order climate beliefs on environmental communication behavior: The mediating role of environmental discussion efficacy
No full textBeliefs about others' beliefs, or "second-order beliefs", are gaining incremental attention in understanding the antecedents of pro-environmental behaviors. However, few extant studies have examined their impact on interpersonal environmental communication, an important type of pro-environmental behavior. Using data from two large-sample online surveys (Study 1: young students in Hainan province, China, N = 9,163; Study 2: adult participants across China, N = 890) and one experiment (N = 200, Study 3), we systematically investigated whether and how second-order climate beliefs (i.e., beliefs about other people's beliefs in the fact of climate change) influence individuals' environmental communication behavior. Results across three studies constantly show that second-order climate beliefs are significantly and positively associated with environmental communication behavior, even after controlling for one's own climate beliefs (i.e., first-order climate beliefs). However, second-order beliefs' positive association with environmental discussion efficacy and the mediation effect of environmental discussion efficacy were only detected in the survey data (Study 2), not in the experiment (Study 3). Overall, the current research offers crucial preliminary insights into understanding the positive effect of second-order climate beliefs on environmental communication behavior and the potential psychological mechanism. We thus provide practical suggestions for encouraging public participation in interpersonal environmental communication based on second-order climate beliefs and discussion efficacy, and offer recommendations for future research to expand research methods, population, as well as types of efficacy
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