Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Coordinated hippocampal-entorhinal representations support human context-dependent spatial navigation
No full textTo execute goal-directed behavior, retrieval of both context and object information is crucial. Despite the ubiquity of such contextual computations in daily navigation, the neural mechanisms underlying this process in humans and its connection to behavior remain largely elusive. Leveraging intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recorded from epilepsy patients (N = 31) engaged in a context-dependent spatial navigation task, we uncovered distinct oscillatory patterns in the hippocampus (HC) and entorhinal cortex (EC) that represented context and object information, respectively. Notably, the covariation of these neural representations predicted behavioral performance. Furthermore, both representations were primarily driven by low-frequency oscillations (2-8 Hz). The synchronization of low-frequency oscillations between HC and EC was associated with enhanced object representations in the EC. These findings highlight the importance of low-frequency neural dynamics in mediating both local representations and interregional interactions within the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit during context-dependent spatial navigation
Dissociable Neural Connectome Mapping of Reward and Punishment Responsiveness in Young Adults: Associations with Genetic Variability and Neurotransmitter Profiles
No full textWhile the hyper- and hypo-reward or punishment sensitivities (RS, PS) have received considerable attention as prominent transdiagnostic features of psychopathology, the lack of an overarching neurobiological characterization currently limits their early identification and neuromodulation. Here we combined microarray data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas with a multimodal fMRI approach to uncover the neurobiological signatures of RS and PS in a discovery-replication design (N= 655 healthy participants, 442 females). Both RS and PS were mapped separately in the brain, with the functional connectome in the fronto-striatal network encoding reward responsiveness, while the fronto-insular system was particularly engaged in punishment sensitivity. These dissociable functional connectome patterns also exhibited high specificity in differentiating decisions driven by social or monetary reward and punishment motivations. Further imaging transcriptomic analyses revealed that functional connectome variations for RS and PS were associated with topography of specific gene sets enriched in ontological pathways, including synaptic transmission, dopaminergic metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation. On the neurotransmitter level, the serotonin neuromodulator emerged as a pivotal hub regulating the intrinsic functional connectome patterns of RS and PS, with its modulatory effects dependent on interactions with the dopaminergic, opioid, and GABAergic systems. Overall, these findings indicate dissociable neural connectome mapping of RS and PS and highlight their linkage with transcriptomic profiles, which may inform future investigations on early identification of vulnerability and risk factors for psychopathological conditions
Exploring Empathic Responses to Others' Positive and Negative Experiences: Insights from Empathy Subprocesses
No full textEmpathy can be categorized into positive and negative empathy depending on the emotional valence experienced. When responding to others' emotions, empathy involves three key subprocesses: emotion recognition, affective empathy, and motivational empathy. However, how these subprocesses operate to realistic positive versus negative stimuli remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we selected 96 real-life events with detailed contextual information and collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We observed lower within-subject and between-subject behavioral and neural similarity for positive empathy than for negative empathy. Although positive and negative empathy partially shared neural mechanisms underlying emotion recognition-evident in overlapping encoding regions and functional connectivity (FC)-they diverged notably in affective and motivational empathy. Negative empathy involved more complex encoding schemes and more convergent FC than positive empathy. These findings deepen our understanding of empathy dynamics, highlighting its multifaceted nature and the importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotions in empathy research.</p
The Influence of Social Context on Perceptual Decision Making and Its Computational Neural Mechanisms
No full text知觉决策指的是个体根据感知觉信息进行选择判断的过程，是人类适应复杂环境的基本能力。社会情境作为支持个体生存与发展的重要因素，不仅为知觉决策提供了丰富的信息来源，还通过自上而下的加工过程调节其决策行为。他人的行为与态度往往促使个体调整自身决策方向以趋向一致。这种社会影响既可能导致决策偏差，有时也会优化行为表现，其效应受到群体特征、同伴属性、信心及人格特质等因素的调节。驱动社会影响的动机包括提高决策准确性、获得群体认同以及维护积极的自我概念。近年来，研究者运用强化学习、贝叶斯推断及漂移扩散模型等理论框架从不同视角探究了社会影响的认知机制。神经影像学研究表明，社会影响不仅作用于早期的知觉加工与注意分配阶段，还能通过奖赏、情绪及心智化等高级认知过程调控知觉决策。未来研究应结合建模与神经影像技术，系统探讨社会情境影响决策的跨层次机制、长期效应以及动态交互规律，并推动其在群体决策、人机交互与认知障碍干预等领域的应用。</p
Self-face Advantage Processing and Its Mechanisms
No full text自我面孔是自我社会性符号的代表。作为自我意识的窗口，自我面孔相比于他人面孔享有一系列加工优势，包括识别优势、注意优势、积极优势。识别优势是指对自我面孔的更快更准确地识别，这一优势不受面孔朝向和空间频率成分的影响，并得到早期脑电成分如N170的支持。注意优势体现为自我面孔具有强势的注意捕获和保持能力。积极优势进一步表征了自我面孔加工优势，个体倾向于认为自己的面孔比客观表征更具吸引力或更值得信赖。自我面孔优势效应可以在无意识水平发生，并受到个体自尊、文化差异、感觉信息整合等多种因素的调节。在个体自尊层面，高自尊个体通常在面对干扰时也能保持对自我面孔的各类优势加工。而低自尊个体对自我面孔的识别优势则容易受到社会线索的干扰，对自我面孔的注意加工也会受到任务类型的影响。在文化差异层面，相比东亚集体主义文化下的群体，强调独立自我构建的西方文化下的群体表现出更强的自我面孔优势。感觉信息整合也会影响自我面孔优势加工，例如，同步的视觉-触觉信息能增强自我面孔优势。在神经机制层面，自我面孔优势加工在整体上表现出右脑偏侧化特性，并涉及枕叶、颞叶、额叶、脑岛、扣带回等多个脑区。近年来，研究者已围绕自我面孔的加工及其优势效应提出多个理论阐述，然而也有一些研究发现，自我面孔与熟悉面孔在行为和神经层面并不存在明显优势差异，使得自我面孔特异性仍存在争议。进一步论证自我面孔特异性的关键在于采用面孔联结范式来控制熟悉性，从而厘清自我面孔与熟悉面孔之间是否存在本质差异。由于自我面孔加工优势效应与社会认知障碍（例如，孤独症谱系障碍、精神分裂症）存在紧密联系，明确自我面孔特异性有潜力为这些社会认知障碍的早期识别、分级和后期干预提供新的关键线索，不仅具有理论意义、还具有重要社会价值。</p
Longitudinal Relationships of Cumulative Family Risk on Academic Buoyancy of Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and The Moderating Role of Peer Support
No full text为探讨累积家庭风险对日常性学业弹性的纵向预测作用，以及自我效能感的中介作用及同伴支持的调节作用，本研究以523名北京市中学生为被试，进行两次间隔五个月的问卷调查。结果发现：T1累积家庭风险通过T2自我效能感间接预测T2日常性学业弹性的发展，自我效能感对中学生日常性学业弹性的发展具有保护作用。T2同伴支持调节了T1累积家庭风险→T2自我效能感→T2日常性学业弹性的前半段路径，调节效应表明同伴支持的保护性作用在低累积家庭风险的中学生群体中更明显。因此，自我效能感和同伴支持对中学生日常性学业弹性的发展具有重要保护作用，需要注意的是,在累积家庭风险越来越严重的情境下，同伴支持对个体的保护作用逐渐减弱。</p
The exploration of using plasma biomarkers of p-tau217 and p-tau181 for screening Alzheimer's disease in very elderly people
No full textIntroduction: Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as phosphorylated tau (p-tau181, p-tau217) and amyloid beta (A beta), have the potential to serve as screening tools for probable AD in the elderly population. Methods: AD screening [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)] was conducted among very elderly individuals residing in a nursing community and a geriatric hospital. Based on cognitive evaluation, participants were categorized into two groups: cognitively normal (n = 62) and probable AD (n = 78). Plasma concentrations of A beta 42, A beta 40, p-tau181, p-tau217, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured using the single molecule array (Simoa) platform. Group comparisons of plasma biomarker levels were performed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted for each biomarker relative to AD diagnosis. Results: Significant differences were observed in plasma p-tau181, p-tau217, and GFAP levels between the cognitively normal and probable AD groups (p 0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.886 for p-tau181, 0.655 for p-tau217, and 0.869 for GFAP. Discussion: Plasma biomarkers p-tau181, p-tau217, and GFAP demonstrate clinical utility in distinguishing AD from normal cognition, suggesting that blood-based testing may serve as a feasible screening tool for early identification of AD in very elderly populations
Trajectories of response to bilateral rTMS in late-life depression
No full textBackground: Late-life depression is often resistant to standard treatment (LL-TRD) and presents unique clinical challenges due to comorbidities and cognitive decline. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising option, yet responses are variable. Identifying trajectories of symptom change in LL-TRD in response to rTMS may clarify this heterogeneity and guide more personalized interventions. Methods: This secondary analysis of a randomized rTMS trial in late-life depression used group-based trajectory modeling to identify depressive symptom response patterns. 172 participants aged 60+ were randomly assigned to one of two protocols: (1) bilateral rTMS, with low-frequency stimulation applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and high-frequency stimulation to the left; or (2) bilateral theta burst stimulation, with continuous TBS on the right DLPFC and intermittent TBS on the left. Multinomial regression identified baseline characteristics associated with trajectory membership. Results: Four symptom trajectories were identified: Nonresponse, Partial Response, Linear Response and Rapid Response. Relative to Partial Response, higher Montgomery-& Aring;sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores were associated with lower odds of Rapid (OR = 0.79, 95 %CI:0.69-0.90) and Linear Response (OR = 0.87, 95 % CI:0.78-0.97), and higher odds of Nonresponse (OR = 1.33, 95 %CI:1.16-1.52). Benzodiazepine use was associated with lower odds of Linear Response (OR = 0.22, 95 %CI:0.08-0.56), while higher baseline anxiety was associated with higher odds of Nonresponse (OR = 1.13, 95 %CI:1.01-1.26). Conclusion: This study identified four distinct rTMS response trajectories in LL-TRD and found that greater baseline depression severity and anxiety were associated with worse trajectories. These results support early clinical profiling to identify individuals at risk for nonresponse. Clinicaltrials: gov identifier NCT02998580
Expertise-related functional connectivity changes in Chinese calligraphy linked to flow experience
No full textFlow is a deeply immersive state that supports optimal performance, yet its neural basis under conditions of realworld expertise remains poorly understood. Using functional MRI, this study investigated how long-term Chinese calligraphy expertise relates to flow in a culturally meaningful setting. Expert and novice participants performed imagined embodied handwriting of Kai-Shu and Cao-Shu, which differ in motor and cognitive challenges. Expert calligraphers reported significantly higher flow than novices across both scripts, including in the more challenging Cao-Shu style despite having no formal training in it. Functional connectivity analyses were performed on background task-residual BOLD signals to assess intrinsic coupling that persists during performance. In Kai-Shu, experts showed stronger ventral anterior insula (vAI)-superior parietal lobule (SPL) connectivity and weaker vAI-ventral striatum (VS) connectivity, suggesting enhanced perception-action coupling and reduced taskirrelevant processing. In Cao-Shu, experts exhibited reduced anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) connectivity with default mode network (DMN) regions, suggesting reduced self-referential processing under higher task challenges. These connectivity patterns were significantly associated with reported flow ratings and together suggest a flexible neural adaptation supporting task-focused engagement in familiar contexts and reduced introspection when demands increase. To further examine whether these effects form an integrated mechanism linking proficiency and flow, Bayesian network (BN) modeling revealed a directional dependency from expertise to functional connectivity to flow, suggesting that long-term practice contributes to a proficient neural mechanism that supports higher flow experiences during task engagement. These findings extend current accounts of flow by delineating how sustained expertise is associated with neural processing patterns that are linked to higher flow across varying task challenges.</p
Gender differences and risk factors for suicide attempts in first-episode drug-na?ve psychotic versus non-psychotic major depression: a large cross-sectional study
No full textBackground This study aimed to investigate the differential clinical characteristics and distinct risk factors for suicide attempts between patients with psychotic major depression (PMD) and non-psychotic major depression (NPMD). Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a cohort of major depressive disorder patients. Comprehensive demographic and clinical data were collected. Assessments included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S). Fasting blood samples were analyzed for thyroid function (TSH, TgAb, TPOAb, FT3, FT4), metabolic parameters (fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles), and other biomarkers. Results Patients with PMD demonstrated a more severe clinical profile, including significantly higher HAMD, HAMA, and CGI-S scores, alongside elevated thyroid antibodies (TgAb, TPOAb) compared to the NPMD group. A critical finding was the divergent set of predictors for suicide attempts between the diagnostic subgroups. For the overall MDD cohort and the NPMD subgroup specifically, the severity of anxiety (HAMA) and depression (HAMD) were the primary risk factors. In stark contrast, for patients with PMD, positive psychotic symptoms (PANSS) and elevated TSH levels emerged as the dominant and unique predictors of suicide attempts. ROC analysis confirmed the high discriminatory power of TSH for suicide in PMD (AUC = 0.863). Conclusions The path to suicidal behavior differs significantly between PMD and NPMD. Suicide risk in NPMD is primarily driven by the severity of core mood and anxiety symptoms, whereas in PMD, it is predominantly associated with the presence of psychosis and significant HPT axis dysregulation
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