Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The Effects of Vocabulary and Morphological Awareness on Narrative Ability in 5 to 6 years old Children
No full text儿童叙事能力是儿童语言与认知协同发展的重要体现，其发展与儿童后续学业成就、社会交往能力存在密切关系。语素是语言系统中承载意义与结构功能的最小单位，语素意识是个体对语素进行反思、分析与操控的元语言能力。作为语言认知的底层能力，语素意识与叙事能力存在潜在关联，但其内在作用机制及其与其他语言技能的关联尚未得到充分揭示。
叙事生成与叙事理解均依赖信息的语义表征及意义组合。汉语词汇以复合词为主，且语素语义透明度差异显著。因此，本研究推测，词汇与语素能力可能直接影响儿童的词汇通达效率、意义组织与组合能力，构成儿童叙事宏观结构与微观结构的近端驱动因素。同时，句法能力、工作记忆等相关变量亦可能影响儿童在叙事任务中的表现。因此，本研究综合纳入上述变量，系统考察词 汇与语素能力影响儿童叙事的作用机制。
本研究以 200 名 5-6 岁幼儿园儿童为被试，采用叙事评估工具 MAIN 作为实验材料，通过故事讲述与故事复述两种任务，考察儿童叙事理解、叙事宏观结构及叙事微观结构的多维度特征，同步测查儿童语素意识的多个维度的表现及工作记忆、词汇能力、句法能力等相关指标，通过两项研究，系统检验语素意识及其各方面与叙事结构各维度的关联，揭示语素意识等变量影响叙事能力的内在作用路径。
研究结果显示，5-6 岁儿童的儿童叙事结构较松散，结构要素不完整，叙事结构复杂性处于初级发展阶段，大多数儿童的叙事未形成完整的“目标-尝试-结果”的框架。5-6 岁学前儿童语素意识的各维度发展存在显著差异，复合语素识别与同音语素判断能力已发展至相对稳定水平，但同音与同形语素产生能力尚不成熟。儿童在复述任务中的表现均优于其在讲述任务中的表现，复述任务中的叙事理解、叙事宏观结构与叙事微观结构的表现均好于讲述任务中的表现。
儿童的词汇理解与词汇产生能力都与其叙事能力密切相关。词汇能力对叙事理解的影响存在任务间的差异。词汇产生对叙事理解有独立贡献，而词汇理解对叙事理解的影响并不显著。词汇能力可以正向预测儿童的叙事宏观结构和叙事结构复杂性，其中词汇产生对叙事宏观结构的产生具有显著作用。同样，词汇能力能够正向预测小句的平均句长。
语素意识全面影响影响叙事能力，且不同维度的语素意识对叙事能力的预测作用存在差异。语素意识是叙事理解的显著的预测变量，其中同音与同形语素产生是影响叙事理解的核心因子。在不同类型叙事任务中，语素意识对叙事理解均具有显著促进作用，但该作用在复述任务中的强度弱于讲述任务。语素意识对叙事微观结构的影响则呈现出复杂的特点。语素意识与复句数量及词种数等指标呈正相关，而与平均句长、词汇丰富性呈负相关。回归分析结果进一步表明，语素意识对复句数量具有显著正向预测作用，而对平均句长表现出显著负向作用。
研究还发现，词汇能力与语素意识协同影响儿童叙事能力的发展。在叙事理解方面，词汇产生不仅可直接预测叙事理解，还能通过同音与同形语素产生的部分中介作用间接影响叙事理解，该中介路径贡献了词汇产生对叙事理解总效应的 18.4%，呈现部分中介模式。在叙事宏观结构方面，词汇能力通过语素意识间接影响叙事宏观结构，语素产生同样发挥部分中介作用，其中介效应占总效应的 9.5%。在叙事微观结构层面，语素产生对 T 单元总数与总词数两项指标均存在 显著负向直接效应，同时通过词汇产生发挥正向间接中介效应。
本研究得出以下结论：
1. 词汇能力，特别是词汇产生能力影响 5-6 岁汉语儿童的叙事理解与叙事产生能力。
2. 语素意识影响 5-6 岁汉语儿童的叙事理解与叙事产生能力，其中语素产生的影响最为显著。
3. 语素意识与词汇能力对叙事能力的影响在叙事理解和宏观结构及微观结构体现出“词汇驱动”与“语素驱动”两种不同的作用路径。</p
Sex Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Suicide Attempts in Patients with First-Episode and Drug-Na?ve Psychotic Major Depression
No full textPurpose: Sex differences play an important role in depression prevalence, symptom profile, treatment response, and disease course. However, sex differences in factors associated with suicide attempts (SAs) in first-episode and drug-na & iuml;ve (FEDN) patients with psychotic major depression (PMD) remain unclear. Methods: In this study, 171 patients with FEDN PMD were recruited. Patients' symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale. In addition, metabolic parameters and thyroid hormone levels were measured. Results: The prevalence of SA was remarkably high in both male and female PMD patients (53.19% vs. 50.81%), without significant differences between the two groups. In male PMD patients, the combination of marital status and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels was found to effectively distinguish between SA and non-SA cases, with an AUC value of 0.87. In addition, the HAMD score and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were significantly associated with the frequency of SAs in this subgroup. For female PMD patients, the combination of positive score, diastolic BP, TSH, and antithyroglobulin was found to be an effective discriminator between SA and non-SA cases, with an AUC of 0.91. Furthermore, duration of illness, positive score, systolic BP, and thyroid peroxidase antibody were found to be significantly associated with the frequency of SAs in this subgroup. Conclusions: Our results indicate a high incidence of SAs in both men and women with PMD. Several clinically relevant factors, metabolic parameters, and thyroid hormone function contribute to sex differences in SAs in FEDN PMD patients
The impact of emotional abuse on Internet addiction in Chinese children: the sequential mediation roles of emotional dysregulation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy
No full textBackground In China, emotional abuse and Internet addiction are increasingly prevalent among children, with significant negative effects on their development. Previous research has identified childhood emotional abuse as a major risk factor for Internet addiction in both adolescents and adults. However, the immediate impact of emotional abuse on children's Internet addiction within Chinese culture remains unclear.Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of emotional abuse on Internet addiction through emotional dysregulation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy in Chinese children.Methods A sample of 556 fourth to sixth grade primary school students (girls, 46.6%) with an average age of 10.30 +/- 0.93 years were recruited from a central province in China. Participants completed the paper-and-pencil survey on emotional abuse, emotional dysregulation, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and Internet addiction. The hypothesized model was tested using Mplus 8.3 with 5,000 bootstrap samples.Results Emotional abuse positively predicts Internet addiction in children; emotional dysregulation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy mediate this relationship independently, and have chain-mediating effects in this relationship.Conclusion Emotional abuse impacts children's Internet addiction through the development of emotional regulation and self-perception of their abilities in emotional regulation. The findings offer potential strategies for preventing children's Internet addiction.</p
Negative Schizotypy Associated With Weaker Intersubject Correlation in Dynamic Functional Connectivity During Empathic Accuracy Task
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Previous studies on Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) suggested patients with schizophrenia exhibited altered brain activations in the precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, and thalamus. However, it remains unclear whether individuals with schizotypy would exhibit similar alterations of brain activations associated with EAT. This study aimed to examine the relationships between schizotypy and intersubject correlation (ISC) during EAT.Study Design Forty-seven college students undertook the Chinese version of EAT in a 3T MRI scanner. The Chapman Social Anhedonia Scale (CSAS) and Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) were used to capture negative and positive schizotypy, respectively. We adopted GLM analysis, ISC analyses of brain activation, and dynamic functional connectivity during EAT to examine its association with dimensional schizotypy and self-report empathy.Study Results Regardless of schizotypy scores, brain activations in the middle occipital cortex, precuneus, lingual gyrus, paracentral gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were associated with participants' empathic accuracy, while strong ISC of brain activations were found in bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG). Negative schizotypy was associated with ISC of brain activation in the precentral gyrus and dynamic connectivity between the STG and ACC, both of which further mediated the associations between negative schizotypy and self-report affective empathy.Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that weaker intersubject synchronization of brain activation in the precentral gyrus and dynamic connectivity between the STG and ACC is related to negative schizotypy. Our findings may shed light on the underlying neural mechanisms of impaired social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.</p
Neural mechanisms underlying reduced nocifensive sensitivity in autism-associated <i>Shank3</i> mutant dogs
No full textAutistic individuals carrying mutations in SHANK3 (encoding a synaptic scaffolding protein) have been consistently reported to exhibit reduced pain sensitivity. However, the neural mechanisms underlying impaired pain processing remain unclear. To investigate the role of SHANK3 in pain processing, we conducted behavioral, electrophysiological, and pharmacological tests upon nociceptive stimulation in a Shank3 mutant dog model. Behaviorally, Shank3 mutant dogs showed reduced nocifensive sensitivity compared to wild-type (WT) dogs. Electrophysiologically, Shank3 mutant dogs exhibited reduced neural responses elicited by the activations of both A delta- and C-fiber nociceptors. Additionally, Shank3 mutants showed a lower level of aperiodic exponents, which serve as a marker for the excitatory-inhibitory balance of neural activity. The aperiodic exponents mediated the relationship between genotype and nocifensive sensitivity as well as between genotype and neural responses elicited by nociceptive stimuli. Pharmacologically, the reduced nocifensive sensitivity and atypical excitatory-inhibitory balance were rescued by a GABAAR antagonist pentylenetetrazole. These findings highlight the critical role of Shank3 in pain processing and suggest that an impaired excitatory-inhibitory balance may be responsible for the reduced nocifensive reactivity in autism.</p
不孕症行IVF女性心理健康状况及干预对策的研究进展
No full text不孕症作为常见的生殖健康问题，给女性带来了巨大的心理压力和情绪困扰，越来越多的患者选择通过体外受精（In Vitro Fertilization,IVF）技术来实现生育愿望。然而，IVF治疗过程中的心理健康问题常常被忽视。本文综述了不孕症行IVF女性的心理健康状况及相关干预对策的研究进展，主要内容包括心理压力、焦虑、抑郁、自尊心和社会支持等方面，并提出心理咨询、健康教育、心理培训以及医疗团队的支持等多种干预对策，以期为患者提供更加个性化和科学的心理支持服务。</p
Appearance anxiety: concept and measurement
No full text外貌焦虑一般指个体因可能或预期会受到他人对自己外貌的负面评价而引发的担忧。外貌焦虑不仅与社交焦虑、躯体变形障碍、进食障碍等精神障碍有关，还与普通人群中的焦虑和抑郁症状、身体不满、低自尊、对运动持有的负面态度和不健康运动行为、社交回避行为等均存在关联。然而，国内外现有的外貌焦虑概念的内涵和外延存在差异，所采用的测量工具也各有侧重。该文通过梳理和比较国内外外貌焦虑的相关概念和主要测量工具，总结并提出了一个更为全面的外貌焦虑概念。开发适合我国各类人群的外貌焦虑测量工具将是未来研究的重要方向。</p
Impact of parent-child attachment on adolescent depression: a chain-mediated model
No full text目的 探究亲子依恋对青少年抑郁的影响以及自尊和情绪智力的中介作用。方法 采用父母和同伴依恋量表、自尊量表、情绪智力量表和流调中心抑郁量表对1 200名初中生进行问卷调查，获得有效问卷1 195份。对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 亲子依恋、自尊、情绪智力和抑郁两两之间均显著相关。中介效应分析结果显示：亲子依恋对青少年抑郁有显著负向预测作用（β=-0.28,P<0.001）。自尊和情绪智力在亲子依恋与抑郁之间的中介效应显著（95%CI分别为-0.063～-0.015、-0.086～-0.045），并通过亲子依恋→自尊→情绪智力→抑郁的路径发挥链式中介效应（95%CI为-0.020～-0.008）。结论 亲子依恋能够直接影响青少年抑郁，同时也可以通过自尊和情绪智力的单独中介效应以及两者共同作用产生的链式中介效应间接影响抑郁。</p
Relationship between primary school students’ discretionary time and stress levels:mediating effect of communication time with parents and masking effect of time spent using electronic products
No full text目的 探究小学生可自由支配时间与压力水平的关系，并考察与父母交流时间和使用电子产品时间在其中的中介作用。方法 采用问卷法对北京市2所小学三至五年级的学生进行调查，共收获有效问卷427份。采用改良的中文版压力知觉量表（Chinese perceived stress scale, CPSS）测量小学生自我感知的压力水平，通过自编问题调查小学生每日的可自由支配时间、与父母交流时间以及电子产品使用时间等信息。对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 可自由支配时间能够直接负向预测压力水平（β=-1.39,P=0.002）。与父母交流时间在可自由支配时间与压力水平之间的中介效应显著，间接效应的95%CI为-0.42～-0.04；使用电子产品时间在可自由支配时间与压力水平之间的掩蔽效应显著，间接效应的95%CI为0.16～0.72。结论 可自由支配时间的增加可以降低小学生的压力水平，但受到活动内容的影响。若将可自由支配时间用来与父母交流，将有助于缓解压力；若用于使用电子产品，则反而会增加压力水平。</p
员工参与和创新行为：有调节的中介作用模型
No full text目的 本研究以自我决定理论为基础，探索员工参与和创新行为的关系及其潜在机制。方法对416位企业员工的定量调查数据进行了共同方法偏差检验、验证性因子分析及回归分析等来验证假设。结果 员工参与和创新行为呈正相关；工作繁荣在员工参与和创新行为之间的中介效应显著；自我控制的调节作用显著，相对于高自我控制，个体的自我控制水平越低，员工参与和工作繁荣的相关性越强。结论 营造员工参与的环境，提高工作繁荣，能够促进创新行为的产生。尤其对于自我控制水平较低的个体，更容易受到员工参与的激励，感受到更高水平的工作繁荣。</p
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