Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Connectional axis of individual functional variability: Patterns, structural correlates, and relevance for development and cognition
No full textThe human cerebral cortex exhibits intricate interareal functional synchronization at the macroscale, with substantial individual variability in these functional connections. However, the spatial organization of functional connectivity (FC) variability across the human connectome edges and its significance in cognitive development remain unclear. Here, we identified a connectional axis in the edge-level FC variability. The variability declined continuously along this axis from within-network to between-network connections and from the edges linking association networks to those linking the sensorimotor and association networks. This connectional axis of functional variability is associated with spatial pattern of structural connectivity variability. Moreover, the connectional variability axis evolves in youth with an flatter axis slope. We also observed that the slope of the connectional variability axis was positively related to the performance in the higher-order cognition. Together, our results reveal a connectional axis in functional variability that is linked with structural connectome variability, refines during development, and is relevant to cognition.</p
The Influence of Parent-Child Attachment on Psychological Problems of College Students: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Interpersonal Adaptation
No full textConsequence-Aware Takeovers: Enhancing Safety in Autonomous Driving Transitions
No full textAwareness of behavioral consequences significantly influences focus, priorities, and emotions. This study investigates the impact of informing drivers about potential takeover consequences on human-machine collaboration in conditional autonomous driving. We recruited 32 licensed drivers and randomly assigned them to groups with and without informed consequences. Each group completed 8 distinct takeover tasks, each with varying consequences of not taking over. We assessed takeover performance, subjective evaluations (situational awareness, workload), and physiological stress responses (electrocardiogram, electromyogram) to provide a comprehensive evaluation of takeover safety. Our findings indicate that drivers informed of the consequences demonstrated superior takeover performance, evidenced by increased time-to-collision, reduced maximum lateral acceleration, and decreased trajectory deviation. Additionally, disclosing consequences increased drivers' perceived attentional demands, elevating workload while maintaining stable stress levels during takeover. Future research should explore how to balance workload with driving performance when informing drivers of the consequences of not taking over
Expert consensus on multimodal MRI sequence parameters and scanning protocols for studies of brain and cognitive development in school‑aged children
Get PDF当代多模态MRI技术的迅速发展，为精准刻画儿童青少年脑发育规律与个体差异、揭示 脑发育异常疾病的神经机制，提供了重要影像研究工具，带来了儿童脑发育影像学这一脑科学前沿方 向。然而，面向学龄儿童（6~18 岁）的高质量多模态 MRI 脑影像序列参数设置与扫描采集极具挑战 性，严重阻碍了国内脑发育相关影像研究的开展与推广。为此，国内相关领域的多家权威机构和专家 团队，依托科技部科技创新2030“ 脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目“中国学龄儿童脑智队列”计划，通过 调研全国 30余家机构 MRI设备现况，以及国际大型儿童脑发育队列研究序列参数的优缺点，共同制 订了《面向学龄儿童脑智发育研究的多模态MRI脑影像序列参数与扫描规范专家共识》，以期规范国 内不同规模、不同类型队列相关脑发育影像研究中的序列参数设计与扫描操作，提升儿童脑影像扫描成功率与影像质量，以及结果可比性与稳定性，推动我国儿童脑智发育基础与临床研究的整体进步。</p
Effect of professional dance training on neuroplasticity: a meta-analysis
No full text目的 观察舞蹈专业训练对人类大脑神经可塑性的影响.方法 检索关注舞蹈专业训练对大脑灰质影响的研究性论文.通过激活似然性评估元分析的方法,对筛选出的文献中脑区激活峰值进行分析.结果 专业舞者与非专业舞者在右侧颞叶上回、左侧前中央回、双侧额叶上回内侧部、左侧额叶中回和右侧辅助运动区的激活峰值存在显著差异.这些脑区与节奏感知、感觉运动整合、共情、动作记忆的编码和提取、动作想象和动作观察学习等认知加工有关.结论 舞蹈专业训练可有效塑造大脑的神经性功能和结构.未来研究可进一步区分不同类别的舞蹈专业训练对大脑可塑性的影响,进而较全面地观察舞蹈训练与大脑之间的关联
AI Learning System Research on Cognitive Ability and Academic Achievement
No full textMuch discussed is the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) learning systems, cognitive ability, and academic performance. The importance of artificial intelligence technology in improving the learning ability of individuals is strongly emphasized. It is found that cognitive ability has a significant impact on students' academic performance, especially after the training of artificial intelligence learning ability, students have significantly improved various cognitive skills, such as understanding, perception, working memory, and so on. It is clear that learning ability is positively correlated with academic achievement, and cognitive ability is the key mediating factor. Specifically, improvements in cognitive skills, particularly visual and auditory sequential memory, are strongly associated with better academic performance. Providing valuable insights into the impact of AI learning systems on educational practice, the study highlights their potential to promote cognitive development and enhance academic achievement. The study's innovation lies in its exploration of how AI learning systems influence students' cognitive abilities and academic performance. A detailed analysis is made of the improvement of students' cognitive ability through artificial intelligence learning ability training, and it is found that there is a positive correlation between cognitive ability and academic performance, especially in visual sequence memory and auditory sequence memory.</p
RoVRM: A Robust Visual Reward Model Optimized via Auxiliary Textual Preference Data
No full textLarge vision-language models (LVLMs) often fail to align with human preferences, leading to issues like generating misleading content without proper visual context (also known as hallucination). A promising solution to this problem is using human-preference alignment techniques, such as best-of-n sampling and reinforcement learning. However, these techniques face the difficulty arising from the scarcity of visual preference data, which is required to train a visual reward model (VRM). In this work, we continue the line of research. We present a Robust Visual Reward Model (RoVRM) which improves human-preference alignment for LVLMs. RoVRM leverages auxiliary textual preference data through a three-phase progressive training and optimal transport-based preference data selection to effectively mitigate the scarcity of visual preference data. We experiment with RoVRM on the commonly used vision-language tasks based on the LLaVA-1.5-7B and -13B models. Experimental results demonstrate that RoVRM consistently outperforms traditional VRMs. Furthermore, our three-phase progressive training and preference data selection approaches can yield consistent performance gains over ranking-based alignment techniques, such as direct preference optimization.</p
Identification of Critical Signature in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Bioinformatics Analysis and in Vitro Analyses
No full textBackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition that emerges following exposure to trauma and significantly affects daily functioning. Current research is focused on identifying effective treatments for PTSD. Advances in bioinformatics provide opportunities to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PTSD.MethodsRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to examine gene correlation patterns. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for functional annotation and enrichment analysis, respectively. The MCODE plugin in Cytoscape software was utilized to analyze the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Anxiety and depression in a mice stress model were assessed using the open-field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and forced swimming test (FST). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to validate key genes in stress-exposed models.ResultsA total of 157 common upregulated DEGs and 53 common downregulated DEGs were identified in the amygdala (AMY) and the hippocampus (HIP). Notably enriched pathways included neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, nicotine addiction, and dopaminergic synapse. The PPI network identified four hub genes, with key pathways associated with nicotine addiction and dopaminergic synapse. qRT-PCR validation confirmed that the expression trends of these four genes were consistent with microarray data. Behavioral tests (OFT, EMPT, and FST) revealed significant changes.ConclusionThis study utilized bioinformatics and in vitro experiments to identify genes and pathways potentially crucial for PTSD development. Key genes were validated in a mouse model, providing insights into potential target genes for PTSD treatment.</p
Reduced resting-state functional connectivity of default mode network subsystems in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
No full textObjectives: Neuroimaging studies have reported extensive resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) abnormalities in the default mode network (DMN) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but findings are inconsistent. DMN can be divided into three subsystems: core, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC), and medial temporal lobe (MTL). This study aimed to explore abnormalities in rsFC strength within and between DMN subsystems in OCD patients, and their relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods: This study recruited 39 OCD patients and 45 healthy controls (HCs). OCD symptoms were assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). The seed-to-seed method was used to construct rsFC matrix. The rsFC strength within and between the three DMN subsystems were calculated. Results: Compared to the HC group, the OCD group exhibited reduced rsFC strength within core subsystem (F = 7.799, p = 0.007, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.042). Further, this reduction was also observed in the unmedicated OCD group (n = 19), but not in the medicated OCD group (n = 18). In addition, rsFC strength within core subsystem was negatively correlated with the obsession subscale of YBOCS in the OCD group (r = -0.512, p = 0.004, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.008). Further, this correlation was also significant in the unmedicated OCD group, but not in the medicated OCD group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that reduced rsFC strength within core subsystem is a feature of OCD patients and may serve as a potential biomarker of obsession severity. Moreover, pharmacological treatments may affect rsFC strength in DMN.</p
Utilizing Social Norms to Promote Seeking Professional Psychological Services
No full text心理疾病给个人、家庭乃至国家带来沉重负担，心理健康促进，尤其是鼓励 个体在疾病初期便寻求专业心理服务帮助，被视为缓解此负担的有效途径。然而 我国民众专业心理求助意愿偏低，由于 25 岁是心理疾病的发病高峰期，同时也 是改善精神疾病预后效果的最佳时期，本研究希望提升 18 至 25 岁年轻人的专业 心理求助意图(PPH-seeking)。
已有促进专业心理求助的研究和政策主要立足于个体内视角，如通过课程教 育促进专业心理求助。但调查显示，我国国民心理健康知识的增加并不一定带来 求助意图的增长。从中国本土文化的视角看，这一现象可能因为这一视角在一定 程度上忽视了个体间因素的作用，而这一因素对重视关系的中国人来讲十分重要。 然而，基于个体间视角的干预措施，如接触干预，对提升我国民众 PPH-seeking 的效果也并不理想。
综上，寻找新的个体间干预手段促进专业心理求助具有重要的理论和实践意 义。在健康促进领域，以社会规范为基础的干预被视为个体间干预的核心手段， 因此研究如何利用社会规范促进专业心理求助具有必要性。此外，通过分析中国 文化特征，梳理社会规范与专业心理求助的关系研究，借鉴去污名化干预研究成 果，本文明确了利用社会规范促进专业心理求助的可行性。因此本文的核心研究 问题是：如何有效利用社会规范促进专业心理求助？
为此，本研究首先深入研究社会规范对目标行为的影响，包括准确识别规范 性信息的内容、类型及参照群体，并评估其相对普遍性和作用方向，以有效利用 社会规范推动专业心理求助。具体而言，为获取相对完善且具备文化和时代适应 性的社会规范，研究 1 运用质性研究方法(文献梳理法、访谈法)，基于心理求助 决策阶段模型，全面识别了与专业心理求助相关的社会规范(包括内容、类型、参 照群体)，并构建了覆盖问题知觉阶段、自我评估阶段和他人评估阶段的指标体 系。通过关键句出现频次，研究 1 进一步考察了各社会规范的相对普遍性，通过参与者检验法探索了社会规范的作用方向。
为通过量化方法考察社会规范对 PPH-seeking 的影响，研究 2 基于研究 1 指 标体系编制了信效度良好的《专业心理求助社会规范问卷》(研究 2a)。数据分析 发现，研究 1 中的社会规范可以分为描述性规范和命令性规范两大维度，且内涵 丰富。描述性规范包括应对方式倾向、污名化感知和心理困扰重视度；命令性规 范也包括三方面内容，即应然应对方式、专业心理服务认知和应然重视度。因此， 研究 2b 基于该问卷结果考察两类规范(描述性和命令性规范)对专业心理求助的 相对影响力，结果发现描述性规范有更大的预测力。为给干预提供更有针对性的建议，结合描述性规范作用机制研究成果和专业心理求助领域研究成果，研究 2b考察了结果预期中介描述性规范与 PPH-seeking 的关系，结果发现结果预期完全 中介上述关系。最后，研究 3 通过双随机实验设计检验了结果预期中介描述性规 范与 PPH-seeking 关系的因果模型，结果与研究 2b 一致，显示了结果预期的重 要作用。
综上，本文通过 6 个子研究，系统回答了三个核心问题，即明确了社会规范 影响中国年轻人 PPH-seeking 的内容结构与作用路径，考察了描述性和命令性规 范的对 PPH-seeking 意图的相对影响力，发现描述性规范对 PPH-seeking 的预测 作用更大，继而发现其通过影响结果预期影响 PPH-seeking 意图，并实践了基于 社会规范信息的操纵，完成了社会规范与 PPH-seeking 的现象识别、相关关系判 断和因果关系验证研究。上述结果说明，在鼓励年轻人专业心理求助的宣传中， 可优先传递积极描述性规范和专业心理服务有效性证据，通过提升专业心理服务 效果提升个体结果预期。本研究通过量化社会规范内容、实验操纵社会规范感知， 并系统考察其影响机制，不仅拓展了社会规范理论在心理健康领域的应用边界， 还为专业心理求助理论提供了规范驱动路径的实证依据与机制解释。然而，本文 未能考察这一干预的外部效度和长期效果，同时尚未充分挖掘利用社会规范促进 专业心理求助的潜力。未来研究应尝试综合多种干预手段，综合个体专业心理求 助不同阶段的特点，设计契合实际情况的动态干预体系。</p
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