Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Effect of an AI agent trained on a large language model (LLM) as an intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms in young adults: A 28-day randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Young adults face emotional problems in their daily lives. Considering that youth are prevalent among mobile internet users, it would be helpful if functions that can intervene in young people's depression and anxiety can be designed based on short video apps. Large language model (LLM)-based AI conversational agents based on short video apps may play an important role in intervening in young adults' negative emotions. Methods: This study is a 28-day randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 865 participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a waiting group, and each user was asked to engage in a total of 28 days of dialog intervention with the AI agent and complete three psychological questionnaires. Results: The dialog intervention significantly reduced depression in the intervention group at two weeks and significantly reduced both depression and anxiety in the intervention group at four weeks. Conclusions: This study found evidence that the LLM-based conversational agent could effectively alleviate the mild anxiety and depressive symptoms of young adults with negative emotions through dialog interventions when the AI companion bot is used sufficiently enough
Image-based meta-and mega-analysis (IBMMA): A unified framework for large-scale, multi-site, neuroimaging data analysis
No full textThe increasing scale and complexity of neuroimaging datasets aggregated from multiple study sites present substantial analytic challenges, as existing statistical analysis tools struggle to handle missing voxel-data, suffer from limited computational speed and inefficient memory allocation, and are restricted in the types of statistical designs they are able to model. We introduce Image-Based Meta-& Mega-Analysis (IBMMA), a novel software package implemented in R and Python that provides a unified framework for analyzing diverse neuroimaging features, efficiently handles large-scale datasets through parallel processing, offers flexible statistical modeling options, and properly manages missing voxel-data commonly encountered in multi-site studies. IBMMA successfully analyzed a large-n dataset of several thousand participants and revealed findings in brain regions that some traditional software overlooked due to missing voxel-data resulting in gaps in brain coverage. IBMMA has the potential to accelerate discoveries in neuroscience and enhance the clinical utility of neuroimaging findings.</p
Quantitative Analysis and Mitigation of the Impact of Network Latency on Video Conferencing Communication Efficiency
No full textObjective: To quantitatively analyze the impact of network latency on video conferencing communication efficiency, guide network latency design standards, and evaluate mitigation strategy. Background: Network latency substantially affects the quality of video conferencing. Existing research has focused on subjective assessments. Networking designers require quantitative latency guidelines. Method: This research involved two studies: one quantifying the effect of network latency on task performance and the other testing a mitigation strategy. Each study involved two experiments: one (N = 60) using a building block "exploratory task" and the second (N = 30) using a text communication "validation task." We followed similar test procedures across the experiments, using a different pool of participants for each of the four. For the second study, we also modified the apparatus by adding a foot pedal and light. Results: The completion time for the building block experiment increased with higher latency. Linear regression analysis showed that one-way network latency added approximately 2.6 s per second of delay in each communication round. We observed similar patterns in the text-based experiment. The mitigation strategy involving low-latency communication feedback on the speaker’s intent substantially reduced mean task completion time under high-latency conditions. Conclusion: This research provides equations that describe the relationship between one-way network latency and communication efficiency. Implementing low-latency communication feedback on the speaker’s intent can mitigate the impact of latency. Application: Network designers can refer to the conclusions of this research to specify network latency requirements. Video conferencing manufacturers can adopt the mitigation strategy to reduce the negative impacts of high network latency.</p
Visual congruency of performers' movements enhances vocal music reward through Mu entrainment
No full textThere is emerging evidence that a performer's body movements may enhance music-induced pleasure. However, the neural mechanism underlying such modulation remains largely unexplored. This study utilized behavioural, psychophysiological, and electroencephalographic data collected from 32 listeners (analysed sample = 31), as they watched and listened to vocal (Mandarin lyrics) and violin performances of pop music videos. None were familiar with Mandarin, and none had significant training in string instruments. Stimuli featured either congruent or incongruent audiovisual parings within the same instrument. We found that congruent visual movements, as opposed to incongruent ones, significantly increased both subjective pleasure ratings and skin conductance responses. While Mu-band power suppression occurred in the presence of visual movements regardless of congruency; congruent movements enhanced the coherence between the music envelope and Mu-band oscillations (so-called Mu entrainment). Effect sizes for both measures were greater for vocal than violin music, though no interaction was observed. Mediation analysis demonstrated that Mu entrainment to vocal music significantly mediated the visual modulation of music-induced pleasure and that this effect occurs primarily for familiar vocal rather than unfamiliar violin movements. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that congruent visual movements enhance music pleasure by promoting Mu entrainment, potentially through sensorimotor integration mechanisms
The degree of educational participation in later life and subjective well-being in China: Based on attitudes to self-aging perspective
No full textWith the rapid development of education for older adults in China, the link between education participation and mental health/subjective well-being (SWB) among older adults has received increasing attention. Rather than merely considering whether older adults participate in late-life learning or attend educational institutions, the extent of their engagement in educational activities may be more influential in determining SWB. The current study aims to examine the association between the degree of educational participation (DEP) for older adults and SWB and related mechanisms in China. Using a nationally representative sample of the University of the Third Age (U3A), this study explored the association between DEP and SWB indicated by life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and depression; and further examined the mediating roles of attitudes to aging and moderating roles of family intimacy. Results indicated that DEP in the U3A predicted students' SWB, indicated by all four indicators; attitudes to aging, including psychosocial loss (PL), physical change (PC), and psychological growth (PG), mediated the association between DEP and SWB; and family relationships moderated the direct and indirect associations, to some extent. These findings offer a novel perspective for exploring the mechanisms through which lifelong education affects mental health and provide insights for policymakers and governments to actively address issues of aging
Impact of mindful parenting on parent-child relationship: chain mediating effect of parental emotional expression and parenting competence
No full text目的 探讨正念养育机制模型中父母正念养育对亲子关系的影响，以及父母情绪表达和养育胜任感在其中的中介作用。方法 选取3～10岁儿童的父亲或母亲作为调查对象，采用正念养育量表、亲子关系量表、父母情绪表达量表和养育胜任感量表施测。共发放问卷580份，回收有效问卷502份。对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 相关分析结果显示，正念养育与父母积极情绪表达、养育胜任感和亲子亲密呈正相关，与父母消极情绪表达和亲子冲突呈负相关。回归分析发现，正念养育对父母积极情绪表达、养育胜任感和亲子亲密的正向预测作用显著（β=0.46,P<0.001 ;β=0.32,P<0.001 ;β=0.19,P<0.001），对父母消极情绪表达和亲子冲突的负向预测作用显著（β=-0.26,P<0.001 ;β=-0.22,P<0.001）。Bootstrap抽样法检验结果显示：在正念养育与亲子关系（包含亲子亲密和亲子冲突）之间，养育胜任感的中介效应显著（95%CI不包含0），父母情绪表达（包含积极情绪和消极情绪）和养育胜任感共同构成的链式中介效应显著（95%CI均不包含0）。父母消极情绪表达在正念养育与亲子冲突之间的中介效应显著（95%CI不包含0）。结论 父母的正念养育可直接影响亲子关系，也可通过以下路径间接影响亲子关系：一是养育胜任感的单独中介效应，二是父母情绪表达与养育胜任感共同构成的链式中介效应。</p
研究揭示孤独症疼痛敏感降低的神经机制
No full text<正>当你被烫到时，瞬间的刺痛会让你迅速缩手，但对于携带SHANK3（编码突触后脚手架蛋白基因）突变的孤独症人群而言，这样的疼痛感知似乎有所“迟钝”。这究竟是因为他们真的“不疼”，还是他们大脑处理疼痛的方式不同呢？</p
Expertise-related functional connectivity changes in Chinese calligraphy linked to flow experience
No full textFlow is a deeply immersive state that supports optimal performance, yet its neural basis under conditions of realworld expertise remains poorly understood. Using functional MRI, this study investigated how long-term Chinese calligraphy expertise relates to flow in a culturally meaningful setting. Expert and novice participants performed imagined embodied handwriting of Kai-Shu and Cao-Shu, which differ in motor and cognitive challenges. Expert calligraphers reported significantly higher flow than novices across both scripts, including in the more challenging Cao-Shu style despite having no formal training in it. Functional connectivity analyses were performed on background task-residual BOLD signals to assess intrinsic coupling that persists during performance. In Kai-Shu, experts showed stronger ventral anterior insula (vAI)-superior parietal lobule (SPL) connectivity and weaker vAI-ventral striatum (VS) connectivity, suggesting enhanced perception-action coupling and reduced taskirrelevant processing. In Cao-Shu, experts exhibited reduced anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) connectivity with default mode network (DMN) regions, suggesting reduced self-referential processing under higher task challenges. These connectivity patterns were significantly associated with reported flow ratings and together suggest a flexible neural adaptation supporting task-focused engagement in familiar contexts and reduced introspection when demands increase. To further examine whether these effects form an integrated mechanism linking proficiency and flow, Bayesian network (BN) modeling revealed a directional dependency from expertise to functional connectivity to flow, suggesting that long-term practice contributes to a proficient neural mechanism that supports higher flow experiences during task engagement. These findings extend current accounts of flow by delineating how sustained expertise is associated with neural processing patterns that are linked to higher flow across varying task challenges
The mediating role and intervention research of self-identity status between family socioeconomic status and vocational maturity of vocational college students
No full text职业成熟度是衡量高职生职业发展水平的核心指标，其高低直接影响个体就业竞争力与国家技能型人才的培养质量。在我国职业教育快速发展的背景下，高职生面临着技能提升与职业定位的双重挑战。家庭社会经济地位作为重要的环境因素，通过资源供给影响其职业发展；而自我同一性作为青年期关键的心理发展任务，对职业选择与承诺具有决定性作用。当前研究对两者的关联机制及针对高职生群体的具体作用路径探讨不足，且缺乏基于实证的干预策略。本研究结合问卷调查与干预研究，旨在揭示家庭社会经济地位、自我同一性状态对高职生职业成熟度的影响机制，并验证以自我同一性提升为核心的干预方案的有效性。
本研究包括两个部分：研究一通过问卷调查，采用方便取样法选取 701 名高职生，探讨家庭社会经济地位、自我同一性状态与职业成熟度的关系，并构建中介模型，验证自我同一性在家庭社会经济地位和职业成熟度之间的中介作用。研究二为干预研究，选取 60 名高职生，随机分为实验组与对照组，对实验组实施为期 6 周的自我同一性提升团体辅导，对照组不干预，通过前后测对比评估干预效果。
研究一结果显示：家庭社会经济地位与高职生职业成熟度显著正相关（r=0.540, p<0.01）；自我同一性状态中，同一性达成与职业成熟度呈强正相关（r=0.251, p<0.01），同一性扩散呈强负相关（r=-0.327, p<0.01），同一性延缓呈不相关（r=-0.040, p>0.05），同一性早闭相关性不显著（r=-0.031, p>0.05）；自我同一性达成（p<0.001）与扩散（p<0.001）在二者间起部分中介作用。
研究二结果显示：在自我同一性状态方面，实验组经过团体辅导干预后，在 “同一性达成”和“同一性扩散”两个维度上表现出显著的改善趋势，且组别与 时间交互效应均显著（p< 0.001）。具体而言：“同一性达成”得分从前测的 3.16 ±0.29 显著提升至后测的 3.97±0.14（F = 134.927, p < 0.001）；“同一性扩散” 得分从前测的 3.88±0.29 显著下降至 3.58±0.42（F = 14.640, p < 0.001）。此外， “自我同一性早闭”维度的交互效应也达到显著水平（F = 58.000, p < 0.001）， 而“自我同一性延缓”维度的变化未呈现统计学意义（p > 0.05）。
研究结论：家庭社会经济地位正向影响高职生职业成熟度，且部分通过自我同一性实现；基于自我同一性提升的干预方案能有效促进高职生自我同一性积极转变，进而显著提高其职业成熟度。</p
Research on the Intervention Effects of Three Modification Paradigms on Negative Attention Bias in Non-Clinical Adolescents
No full text负性注意偏向（Negative Attentional Bias, NAB）是指个体注意系统对负性情绪信息存在异常加工的一种认知倾向，既可表现为注意空间分配上的偏差，也可反映为任务无关的情绪刺激对当前认知任务产生过度干扰。该认知偏差被认为是焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍形成与持续的关键因素。注意偏向矫正（Attentional Bias Modification, ABM）作为一种干预手段，可在一定程度上缓解情绪症状，并具有预防情绪障碍发生与复发的潜力。
本研究采用随机对照试验（Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT）设计，系统考察了三种主要 ABM 训练范式——点探测任务（DPT-ABM）、情绪空间线索任务（ESCT-ABM）和视觉搜索任务（VST-ABM）——在降低青少年负性注意偏向方面的训练效果。通过负性注意量表（ANI）筛选出 202 名具有高负性注意偏向的非临床青少年，并将其随机分配至各实验组（DPT-M 组、ESCT-M 组、VST-M 组）或相应对照组（DPT-C 组、ESCT-C 组、VST-C 组）。所有参与者在四周内完成八次线下训练，分别在训练前、训练后以及三个月后的追踪期评 估其注意偏向分数（ABS）、负性注意偏向指标（NABI）、学习焦虑及主动控 制感（SoA），以考察训练的即时效应与持续效果。
结果表明，与对照组相比，仅 VST-ABM 训练组参与者的注意偏向分数出现显著且持续的下降，其学习焦虑亦得到一定程度的缓解，而其余两种范式未表现出同类效应。这说明在非临床青少年群体中，VST-ABM——即以“主动搜索积极信息”为特征的训练策略——可能比基于“被动回避消极信息”的 DPT 与 ESCT 范式更具干预优势，为 ABM 在青少年情绪健康促进中的应用提供了范式选择的实证依据。</p
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