Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Interactions Between Depressive Symptoms, Childhood Trauma, and Drug Craving in Chinese Men with Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Network Analysis
No full textDrug craving in methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) patients is influenced by various adverse psychological problems. This study adopted network analysis to investigate the interrelationships between psychological correlates and drug craving and identify the critical pathways between them. A total of 757 men with MAUD were recruited from a drug rehabilitation center in southwest China. They completed self-report scales to measure emotion regulation, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and drug craving. We conducted a network analysis to assess the interaction between psychological variables and drug craving. Network structural features included network centrality, stability, and bridge strength. Results revealed positive correlations between various psychological correlates and drug craving. Limited access to emotion regulation strategies, lack of emotional awareness, and non-acceptance of emotional responses emerged as the nodes with the highest strength centrality. A bridge function analysis identified that depressive symptoms, emotional abuse, and negative reinforcement were the main bridges connecting psychological problems and drug craving. These findings support the interaction between affective factors, childhood traumatic experiences, and drug craving. Central symptoms (e.g. limited access to emotion regulation strategies) and key bridge symptoms (e.g. depressive symptoms) may serve as potential targets for intervention for MAUD patients undergoing withdrawal treatment.</p
Situation Awareness Sub-Dimensions and Task Domains Modulate the Correlation of Situation Awareness and Performance: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis
No full textSituation awareness (SA) and human performance are central to human factors research, yet studies have shown inconsistent results of their correlation. Previous reviews often overlooked the multifaceted nature of these concepts and potential moderating factors. This study aimed to identify moderators affecting the SA-performance relationship. A systematic review of 58 studies (60 independent samples, 283 effect sizes) showed a moderate correlation between SA and performance (r = 0.327). Moderator analysis revealed that SA sub-dimensions and task domains significantly moderated this correlation. The SA-performance correlation progressively increases from perception to comprehension and projection. The correlation between SA and driving performance is higher than those observed in complex tasks like aviation or nuclear power plant. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing drivers’ SA for safety and implementing targeted training to strengthen cognitive and operational skills in complex human-machine systems.</p
Electrophysiological signatures underlying variability in human memory consolidation
No full textWe experience countless pieces of new information each day, but remembering them later depends on firmly instilling memory storage in the brain. Numerous studies have implicated non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in consolidating memories via interactions between hippocampus and cortex. However, the temporal dynamics of this hippocampal-cortical communication and the concomitant neural oscillations during memory reactivations remains unclear. To address this issue, the present study used the procedure of targeted memory reactivation (TMR) following learning of object-location associations to selectively reactivate memories during human NREM sleep. Cortical pattern reactivation and hippocampal-cortical coupling were measured with intracranial EEG recordings in patients with epilepsy. We found that TMR produced variable amounts of memory enhancement across a set of objectlocation associations. Successful TMR increased hippocampal ripples and cortical spindles, apparent during two discrete sweeps of reactivation. The first reactivation sweep was accompanied by increased hippocampal-cortical communication and hippocampal ripple events coupled to local cortical activity (cortical ripples and high-frequency broadband activity). In contrast, hippocampal-cortical coupling decreased during the second sweep, while increased cortical spindle activity indicated continued cortical processing to achieve long-term storage. Taken together, our findings show how dynamic patterns of item-level reactivation and hippocampal-cortical communication support memory enhancement during NREM sleep.</p
Beyond valence: A predictive coding framework for major-minor mode perception and its therapeutic implications: Comment on "The major-minor mode dichotomy in music perception" by Carraturo et al.
No full textThe dichotomy between major and minor modes in Western tonal music has long been oversimplified as a straightforward mapping of emotional valence (positive versus negative). However, a recent review by Carraturo et al. [1] presents a tripartite paradox in understanding this relationship: (1) psychophysical discrepancies, where minor mode's melodic tension can evoke pleasure despite its sad connotations [2], (2) neural contradictions, with minor mode stimulating limbic-reward circuit activity [3], and (3) cultural heterogeneity, as non-Western modal systems sometimes defy major-minor emotional mappings [4]. These inconsistencies underscore the need for a unifying framework that reconciles the psychophysical, neural, and cultural complexities of mode perception. We propose that reward prediction error (RPE)-a computational mechanism linking auditory expectation-violation dynamics [5] and dopamine-driven motivation [6]-offers such a bridge. This predictive coding perspective reframes major-minor perception beyond mere valence, illuminate its therapeutic potential, and addresses individual and cultural variability
The Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Depression in Early Adulthood: The Roles of Resilience and Personality Type
No full textBackground: The relationship between childhood trauma and depression in early adulthood is complex and influenced by factors such as resilience and personality type. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of resilience and the moderating role of personality types in this relationship. Methods: A total of 1059 undergraduates (mean age = 19.87 +/- 1.82 years; 48.1% men, 51.9% women) were surveyed. The Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI) was used to assess the personality dimensions of the participants, which were further analyzed using latent profile analysis (LPA). Childhood trauma experiences were evaluated using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), while resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). All scales demonstrated high reliability and validity. Results: The findings indicated a positive correlation between childhood trauma and depression, mediated by resilience. Personality types moderated this mediation, with significant indirect effects observed only for individuals categorized as Type 2. Conclusions: This study provides insight into the mechanisms of depression in early adulthood, suggesting that an intervention targeting resilience and considering personality type may be beneficial. The result highlight the importance of a human-centered approach in understanding the interaction among personality traits and their potential moderating effect on the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms.</p
Moral conscience matters on trust violation and its repair strategies in virtual and real-world settings
No full textTrust is a fundamental component of social relationships and a prerequisite for smooth and efficient interactions. However, trust is fragile and easily threatened or broken. Recovering trust as quickly and effectively as possible is a top priority. The current study conducts three experiments (N = 1036) to examine how individuals' moral conscience influenced trust violation and its repair strategies under virtual and real scenarios. In Experiment 1 we aimed to examine the effect of state-based conscience on trust violation, and we found conscience elicited trusting behavior after trust violation. In Experiment 2 we aimed to disclose the impact of trait-based conscience on trust violation in real-world and virtual settings, and we found participants with low conscience levels perceived more serious breaches of trust than those with high levels in the real scenario, only participants with high conscience levels were more likely to trust others, regardless of whether in the virtual or real scenarios. In Experiment 3 we aimed to examine the effect of the influence of conscience on preferences for trust repair strategies in real-world and virtual settings, and we found participants favored the financial compensation strategy in the real scenario but preferred the apology strategy in the virtual scenario, however, participants with high conscience levels took more effective trust repair strategies and thus had a more positive effect on trust recovery after violations. Together, results indicated that moral conscience mattered: higher conscience level diminished the breaches of trust violation and made trust restoration easier, and conscience could predict the effectiveness of different restoration strategies in real scenario
Moral conscience matters on trust violation and its repair strategies in virtual and real-world settings
No full textTrust is a fundamental component of social relationships and a prerequisite for smooth and efficient interactions. However, trust is fragile and easily threatened or broken. Recovering trust as quickly and effectively as possible is a top priority. The current study conducts three experiments (N = 1036) to examine how individuals' moral conscience influenced trust violation and its repair strategies under virtual and real scenarios. In Experiment 1 we aimed to examine the effect of state-based conscience on trust violation, and we found conscience elicited trusting behavior after trust violation. In Experiment 2 we aimed to disclose the impact of trait-based conscience on trust violation in real-world and virtual settings, and we found participants with low conscience levels perceived more serious breaches of trust than those with high levels in the real scenario, only participants with high conscience levels were more likely to trust others, regardless of whether in the virtual or real scenarios. In Experiment 3 we aimed to examine the effect of the influence of conscience on preferences for trust repair strategies in real-world and virtual settings, and we found participants favored the financial compensation strategy in the real scenario but preferred the apology strategy in the virtual scenario, however, participants with high conscience levels took more effective trust repair strategies and thus had a more positive effect on trust recovery after violations. Together, results indicated that moral conscience mattered: higher conscience level diminished the breaches of trust violation and made trust restoration easier, and conscience could predict the effectiveness of different restoration strategies in real scenario.</p
EVA-MED: An Enhanced Valence-Arousal Multimodal Emotion Dataset for Emotion Recognition
No full textWe introduce a novel multimodal emotion recognition dataset that enhances the precision of Valence Arousal Model while accounting for individual differences. This dataset includes electroencephalog raphy (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and pulse interval (PI) from 64 participants. Data collection employed two emotion induction paradigms: video stimuli that targeted different valence levels (positive, neutral, and negative) and the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test (MMST), which induced high arousal through cognitive, emotional, and social stressors. To enrich the dataset, par ticipants’ personality traits, anxiety, depression, and emotional states were assessed using validated questionnaires. By capturing a broad spectrum of affective responses while accounting for individual differences, this dataset provides a robust resource for precise emotion modeling. The integration of multimodal physiological data with psychological assessments lays a strong foundation for personal ized emotion recognition. We anticipate this resource will support the development of more accurate, adaptive, and individualized emotion recognition systems across diverse applications. </p
Research on Response Mechanism of Dyslexic Children to Intervention on the Visual Magnocellular}lorsal Pathway
No full text基于视觉大细胞-背侧通路理论，考察游戏化训练干预后，有、无应答的发展性阅读障碍儿童在认知特征和缺陷方面的差异，为视觉大细胞-背侧通路功能在汉语阅读中的作用机制提供理论启示。从北京市某小学与某医院筛选出2～5年级阅读障碍儿童23名，并对其进行为期7周的视觉大细胞-背侧通路游戏化干预。在干预前、后分别对阅读障碍儿童的视觉大细胞-背侧通路功能、阅读及阅读相关能力进行测试。使用后测数据，参照干预-应答模式将阅读障碍儿童划分为应答组与无应答组，并比较两组被试前测时的认知特征及缺陷情况。结果表明:(1)只有部分阅读障碍儿童能成为应答者;(2)无应答者在图片快速命名、正字法意识、语素意识和语音意识测试中的前测成绩要显著低于应答者;(3)图片快速命名、语音意识可显著预测干预应答效果。个体可能需要具备一定的图片快速命名和语音意识基础，才能通过视觉大细胞-背侧通路功能训练提升其阅读能力。</p
Gender differences in school environment and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: The multilevel mediating role of peer support
No full textDepressive symptoms pose significant health challenges to adolescent development worldwide. In the ecological systems framework, factors within the microsystem, like the school environment, can directly relate to individual psychological health. Given group-level nature of school environment, this relationship is inherently multilevel: the collective dimension of school environment provides a shared context that reflects cumulative school-wide factors, which, in turn, are linked to individual outcomes. While previous research explored the direct link between school environment and depressive symptoms, much less is known about the multilevel mediating mechanisms involved. This cross-sectional study utilized a dataset from 13,239 adolescents (50.8 % female; Mage = 13.435, SD = 0.964) across 85 Chinese schools collected in 2021-2022. Based on Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling (MSEM) with random slopes, a 2-1-1 multilevel mediating model was employed to investigate peer support's mediating role between group-level school environment and depressive symptoms. Results showed a negative association between group-level school environment and depressive symptoms, mediated by peer support. Gender differences revealed stronger direct and indirect correlations for females. The findings emphasize fostering positive broad school environments and promoting individual peer support in combatting depressive symptoms, especially for female adolescents.</p
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