Insitutional Repository at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
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線形計画法の多項式時間解法をめぐって
Get PDF線形計画法の解法として登場してきたKarmarkar法の基本的な理論について解説するとともにその後の発展についてサーベイしたものである．単体法と対比した数値計算例も収録している．departmental bulletin pape
A Hybrid Method for Linear Programming
Get PDFWe present a polynomial time algorithm for solving linear programming problems based on a combination of Karmarkar's new LP algorithm and Dantzig's simplex method. Instead of the orthogonal projection of Karmarkar's method, we introduce a projection on a basis system in the projected affine manifold in order to determine the search direction. Then a line search on the direction gives the next point in the iterations. The optimal solution is usually obtained as a basic solution and the dual solution is available at the same time. The proposed method is essentially a reduced gradient method on the projected manifold.departmental bulletin pape
A Cost Information System as Applied to a Solar Cell Development Project
Get PDFAs part of national R&D program of new energy resources named Sunshine Project, R&D efforts have been made on solar photovoltaic conversion system since 1974. It is the point for practical use of the conversion system, to establish the production process of low-cost silicon solar cells. In this paper we present a Cost Information System which has been developed to evaluate the production cost of solar cells for several conceptual production lines designed in the New Energy Development Organization, Japan.To be presented at IFORS '84departmental bulletin pape
Revisions of Constraints Approximation in the Successive QP Method for Nonlinear Programming Problems
Get PDFIn the last few years the successive quadratic programming methods proposed by Han and Powell have been widely recognized as excellent means for solving nonlinear programming problems.
However, there remain some questions about their linear approximations to the constraints from both theoretical and empirical points of view.
In this paper, we propose two revisions of the linear approximation to the constraints and show that the directions generated by the revisions are also descent directions of exact penalty functions of nonlinear programming problems. The new technique can cope better with bad starting points than the usual one.Paper presented at The XI. International Symposium on Mathematical Programming. Bonn, West Germany, August 23-27, 1982departmental bulletin pape
On a Cost Information System for R&D and Production Management Programs
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On Optimal Pattern Flows
Get PDFIn this paper, we shall present some algorithms for finding the optimum solution of flow problems, in which several constraints of non-network flow type are imposed on special arc flows. For example, the flow on a certain arc must be divided into flows on the succeeding arcs in proportion to a given ratio. These constraints may be linear, nonlinear, or combinatorial. We call them "pattern constraints", because in many cases they are associated with certain patterns of flows on special arcs. Also, we call such flows "pattern flows". To find a maximal pattern flow and a minimal cost pattern flow and to show an extension of the Critical Path Method are main objects of this paper.
In general, we can not solve them by usual network flow algorithms. They are concerned both with network flow problems and with more general mathematical programing problems. In this connection, we shall use Benders' decomposition to flnd optimal pattern flows. The computational complexity of our algorithms depends mainly on the complexity of algorithms for solving subproblem related to pattern constraints and that of network flow algorithms.Reprinted from Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan, Vol.20, No.2departmental bulletin pape
Spousal Control and Efficiency of Intra-Household Decision Making: Experiments among Married Couples in India, Ethiopia and Nigeria
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/munro_alistair/We examine whether the nature of gender relations matters for the effects on household efficiency of exogenous variation in spousal control over the intra-household allocation of resources. Experiments testing for efficiency were conducted among married couples in eight sites representing a range of conjugal cultures: from an extreme form of separate spheres in northern Nigeria to (male) centralised control in North India, along with a variety of intermediate cases. Inefficiency is widespread, varies greatly and tends to be lower when wives control the allocation. The exception is a site in northern Nigeria where female control over resources is well established.JEL Classification Codes: D13, J12, J16, O15technical repor
NATO核共有制度の多角化に向けた取り組み －アイゼンハワー政権におけるNATO・MRBM戦力案の形成過程－
Get PDF米国の核兵器運用に同盟国を参画させるという核共有制度は、2つの形式をとりながらアイゼンハワー政権において開始された。第1には、NATOの枠組みとは別に、英国に配備したソー・ミサイルを米英2国間で運用する制度であり、第2には、NATOの枠組みにおいて、英国も含むNATO加盟国との2国間協定に基づいてイタリアとトルコに配備したジュピター・ミサイルや戦術核兵器を運用した核備蓄制度であった。
ただし、同政権では、これらの2国間・核共有にとどまらず、第3の核共有制度が検討されていた。それは最終的に、NATO内にMRBM戦力部隊を段階的に創設するという、1960年12月のハーター提案というかたちで同盟国に示されることとなった。すなわち、即応性が高くソ連本土を射程に収めるポラリス・ミサイルを、原潜艦隊という海上プラットフォームに基づき多国間で運用する共有制度を、新たに打ち出したのであった。
本稿では、未公刊の一次史料に依拠しながら、どのように多国間核共有論が形成・共有されるようになったのか、なぜMRBMが共有対象に選択されたのか、なぜ政権末期というタイミングでの提案に至ったのかという観点から分析を行うことで、米国政府内の主要な政策主体の認識や、核共有の在り方に関する政策論議を明らかにする。The US nuclear sharing policy which is to operate some components of the US nuclear weapons with its allies was formulated and began its operation under the Eisenhower administration. The nuclear sharing arrangements initially had two forms: 1) a bilateral arrangement with UK for the operation of Thor missiles deployed in UK, which was operated separately from NATO framework, and 2) NATO atomic stockpile arrangements for Jupiter missiles deployed in Italy and Turkey and other tactical nuclear weapons in Europe, which was operated bilaterally with member countries including UK as the NATO nuclear sharing arrangement.
But these arrangements were not enough for the Eisenhower administration. It continued and pursued the third and new type of nuclear arrangement. In December 1960, at the ministerial meeting at North Atlantic Council, Secretary of State Harter presented the new nuclear arrangement proposal which was to create a NATO MRBM force consists of five Polaris submarines and owned, financed, and operated multilaterally.
Based on the newly unclassified primary documents, this article analyzes following questions: Why and how did the administration decide to pursue multilateral nuclear sharing arrangement in addition to the bilateral arrangements? Why did the administration select sea-based MRBM as an optimal platform? Why and how was the decision made to propose the new NATO MRBM force proposal at the very last moment of Eisenhower presidency?本稿は、科研費（基盤研究B）「NATOにおける核共有・核協議制度の成立と運用」（研究課題番号25285053）および、政策研究大学院大学政策研究センター・リサーチプロジェクトの研究支援による成果の一部である。technical repor
Fiscal and Monetary Policy Interaction in Malawi
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/leon_gonzalez_roberto/In this paper, the interaction between fiscal and monetary policies in Malawi is analyzed in a structural VAR framework employing sign restrictions. The key question addressed is whether macroeconomic policy environment in Malawi is characterized by fiscal dominance or monetary dominance. The model that we derive is used to identify government spending shocks, government revenue shocks, and monetary policy shocks so as to observe their respective effects on the conduct of fiscal and monetary policy. The results show that policy making in Malawi leans towards a monetary dominant regime rather than a fiscal dominant one. This is manifested by a counteractive reaction of monetary policy to loose fiscal policy on one hand and a cooperative reaction of fiscal policy to tight monetary policy stance on the other hand. The results also show that spending shocks are not financed by tax revenues which, coupled with the non-cooperative nature of monetary policy, is consistent the high public debt accumulation observed in the data.JEL Classification Codes: E52, E58, E62technical repor
Intended and Unintended Impacts of Minimum Wage Change: The Pivotal Role of Migration in the Philippines
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/hosoe_nobuhiro/Minimum wage is used as a support for low-wage workers, but it is expected to increase unemployment and cause deterioration of the welfare of the unemployed. While earlier studies identify negative side effects of minimum wage, that may not be the case in the Philippines, where many workers migrate and send home large remittances. This study uses a computable general equilibrium model to examine the impacts of an increase in the domestic minimum wage on unemployment, migration, and output, as well as on welfare and inequality, in the Philippines. Our simulation results show that a minimum wage increase would indeed reduce domestic labor demand and prompt many unemployed workers to migrate out, leaving relatively few unemployed at home. While an increased volume of remittances would improve household welfare, it would also have some unintended effects, such as currency appreciation; decreased domestic production in labor-intensive and export-oriented industries; greater income disparity; and tax base erosion.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of JSPS KAKENHI (No. 19K01622). The usual disclaimers applytechnical repor