Insitutional Repository at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
Insitutional Repository at the National Graduate Institute for Policy StudiesNot a member yet
1035 research outputs found
Sort by
更なる米国関税引上げの経済的影響
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/kawasaki-kenichi/再選されたトランプ米国大統領は米国による輸入関税の更なる引上げを提唱してきた。本稿では、応用一般均衡世界貿易モデルを用いたシミュレーション分析により、米国による関税引上げの経済的影響を定量的に考察する。米国が更に輸入関税を引上げると、米国は世界経済における専ら敗者となり勝者にはならないであろう。保護主義がマクロレベルで雇用を創出することにはならないと見られる。提唱されてきた米国による関税引上げの悪影響は、これまでの関税引上げの影響よりも大きく、最近の 2 度の不況における影響に次ぐものとなる可能性がある。産業構造は経済間で歪曲され、従前に比べて資源配分が非効率的なものとなることも懸念される。ただし、他の経済に対する影響は限定的であり、政策シナリオによっては、いくつかの経済は物価下落、更には貿易転換効果の結果、むしろ便益を享受すると考えられる。以上の観点から、保護主義に向けた政策を導入する際には、マクロレベル、部門レベルの双方で経済に与える影響を検討する必要がある。
US president-elect Trump has proposed further hikes to US import tariffs. This paper quantitatively investigates the economic impact of US tariff hikes by means of simulation studies using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of global trade. If the US hiked import tariffs further, the US would be a primary loser in the world economy rather a winner. Protectionism has not been found to create jobs at the macro level. The adverse impact of proposed US tariff hikes would be larger than that of past tariff hikes and the next largest to those under the two recent recessions. Industry structures would be distorted among economies in a less resource efficient manner than previously. That said, the adverse economic impact on other economies would be limited, and several economies would even benefit from the resultant decline in prices, and moreover from trade diversion effects, depending on the policy scenario. In that light, the impact on the economy at both the macro and sector levels needs to be considered when introducing policy measures moving toward protectionism.JEL classification: C68, F13, F14, F17technical repor
国会審議映像検索システムとそのSNS的活用の可能性：ニュースと審議映像のTweet
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/masuyama_mikitaka/国会審議映像検索システムは，国会会議録の文字情報から，発言に対応する映像をピンポイントで再生するものであり，動画の音声認識によって会議録と審議映像を同期させている．これにより，国会会議録がキーワード検索できるように，国会審議映像も発言内容から検索できるようになり，審議映像の部分再生，字幕付与が可能となる．審議映像は衆参両院事務局のサーバー上で再生し，審議映像のURL をインターネットで共有することも容易である．
国会審議には会議録に含まれない様々な情報がある．国会審議映像検索システムを活用すれば，パネルなどの視覚的資料も瞬時に確認することができるし，文字情報としての会議録だけでなく，音声や映像を分析対象とすることによって，国会審議の空間的，時間的な広がりを研究領域として開拓することもできる．本稿では，国会審議映像の部分的視聴を可能にする「国会審議映像検索システム」を概説したうえで，そのSNS 的活用の可能性を検討するため，インターネットで配信される国会関連のニュースについて，該当部分の審議映像URL をツイートし，ニュース配信を視覚的に補完する試みを紹介する．
This paper offers an overview of the video retrieval system we have developed for the Japanese Diet, and shows how one can utilize our system in linking the Diet deliberation videos to internet news. By using sound recognition techniques to match up the Diet proceedings and deliberation videos, our system allows one to retrieve the moment of video feeds he or she is interested in, visually understand the flow of parliamentary debates, and check the facial expression and body language of speakers. In this paper, we describe how our video retrieval system works, and demonstrate the utility of our system for SNS information sharing by introducing our activity to tweet deliberation video URLs in relation to political news via internet.本稿は「政策情報のユニバーサル化・国際化に関する実証と実践」（2015 年度～2019 年度・課題番号15H05727）による部分的成果である．technical repor
Global Value Chains and the Missing Exports of the United States
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/xing_yuqing/First version: August, 2017 [17-06] http://doi.org/10.24545/00001565 | http://doi.org/10.24545/00001565Many American multinational corporations (MNCs) have turned into factory-less. They outsource the production of their products to foreign companies and derive the largest share of their revenue from the intellectual property of core technologies and brand names. When factory-less American MNCs sell their products assembled by foreign contract manufacturers in overseas markets, they actually “export” the value added attributed to their intellectual property embedded in those physical goods. However, conventional trade statistics are compiled based on the value of goods crossing national borders, as declared to customs. The value added of the intellectual property is generally not recorded as part of US exports. We use Apple, a typical factory-less American company that employs exclusively foreign contact manufacturers to assembly its products, as a case to illustrate why and how conventional trade statistics underestimate actual US exports in the age of global value chains. According to our analysis of this case, if the value added of Apple intellectual property sold to foreign consumers was counted as part of US exports, total US exports in 2015 would increase by 3.4%, and its trade deficit would decrease by 7.0%. In terms of bilateral trade, the value added under examination here would raise the US exports to China and Japan by 16.6% and 8.6% respectively, and lower its trade deficit with the two countries by 5.2% and 7.8% accordingly.JEL Classification Codes: F1
The research is funded by a research grant of the Policy Research Center of the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.technical repor
Long-term and Spillover Effects of Rice Production Training in Uganda
Get PDFhttp://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/kijima-yoko/Using panel data from 2009, 2011, and 2015, this study estimates the impact of rice production training conducted in Uganda on the adoption of improved cultivation practices and productivities. Since the training program encouraged participants to share information with fellow farmers, we estimate the effects of the training on non-participants living in training villages (spillover effects). Due to the non-random assignment of project villages and training participation, a difference-in-differences model with household fixed effects was combined with inverse probability weighting approach to mitigate biases. Spillover effects to non-participants in training villages are indicated by increased total rice production by 0.4 tons and expanded cultivation area by 0.26 hectare. Although training increases adoption rates for better cultivation practice, namely, transplanting in rows among training participants, both in the short and long term, there were no measurable improvements in non-participants’ rice cultivation knowledge or in rice productivity.This paper is a result of a research project being conducted at Japan International Cooperation Agency – Ogata Sadako Research Institute for Peace and Development (JICA-Ogata-RI), entitled "An empirical analysis on expanding rice production in Sub Sahara Africa."technical repor
THE BREMSSTRAHLUNG AND DIRECT PAIR PRODUCTION OF MUON AT EXTREMELY HIGH ENERGIES
No full textIn this paper we described the bremsstrahlung and direct pair production of muon in medium with the account of multiple scattering and medium polarization. These processes are essential for calculation electromagnetic cascade showers, accompaning extremely high energy muon.technical repor
On Returns to Scale under Weight Restrictions in Data Envelopment Analysis
No full texthttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/facultyinfo/tone_kaoru/We extend the concept of returns to scale in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to the weight restriction environments. By the addition of weight restrictions, the status of returns to scale, i.e., increasing, constant and decreasing may suffer a change. We first define "returns to scale" under weight restrictions and propose a method for identifying the status of returns to scale. Then, it is demonstrated that the region of the most productive scale size (MPSS) will usually be narrowed by this addition. For an inefficient decision making unit (DMU), a simple rule for determining the status of returns to scale of its projected DMU will be presented. An empirical study compares the results of the proposed method with those of the BCC model and demonstrates the change in the MPSS for both models.Research supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciencetechnical repor
A Final Report on Uses of Group Decision-Making Methods for Guiding Plans for Relocating Government Agencies out of Tokyo
No full texthttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/facultyinfo/tone_kaoru/As a national project of Japan, plans for the relocation of several government agencies out of Tokyo have been ongoing. This paper is concerned with the problem of site selection for this project. The National Land Agency, the agency responsible for this project, has declared that the process of site selection should be rational, open to the public and easily understandable. In an effort to meet these requirements, we propose a consensus-making method for reaching a group decision, based on a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Assurance Region model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Several strategic uses of these methodologies will be also discussed. Based on these analyses, the "Wise Men" Committee for deciding the best site has chosen two sites from among ten contenders, one from the North-East and the other from the Central part of Japan, as candidates for the best relocation site. We could not discriminate between the two with respect to the multiple criteria chosen for evaluating sites. The Committee recommended the two sites to the Prime Minister at the end of December 1999. The Prime Minister reported this conclusion to the Diet. This topic is currently the focus of political discussions at the Diet.
In this final report, the authors will summarize the decision-making processes that the Wise Men Committee followed, putting emphasis on the methodological aspects.technical repor
Nonparametric and Parametric Measures of Scale Elasticity: A Comparative Evaluation
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/facultyinfo/tone_kaoru/In any competitive set up, policy recommendations based on elasticity parameters have assumed greater significance for the firm's financial viability and success. So there is a need to examine with more prudence the elasticity estimates obtained from various parametric as well nonparametric methods. The main aim of this paper is first to critically examine these methods in order to shed light on what seems to be missing, and then to proceed by developing an empirically demanding ecompassing measure of scale elasticity. All these measures, which are finally applied to a panel data of US electric companies, constitute the empirical premise of this paper.Research supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceFirst version: "A Comparative Evaluation of Parametric and Nonparametric Methods to Estimating Degree of Scale Economies" Tone, Kaoru; Sahoo, Biresh K., 2002/7/31technical repor
BRIDGING RADIAL AND NON-RADIAL MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY IN DEA
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/facultyinfo/tone_kaoru/Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been utilized worldwide for measuring efficiencies of banks, telecommunications, electric utilities and so forth. Yet, the existing models have some well known shortcomings that limit their usefulness. In DEA we have two fundamental approaches to measuring efficiency with very different characteristics; radial and non-radial. We demonstrate a method for linking these two approaches in a unified framework called Connected-SBM. It includes two scalar parameters, and by changing the parameter values we can relocate the analysis anywhere between the radial and the non-radial models. An appropriate choice of these parameters can overcome the key shortcomings inherent in the two approaches, namely, proportionality and mixed patterns of slacks.technical repor
Japan's Monetary Policy Transition, 1955-2005
Get PDFhttps://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/rhodes_james/This paper surveys the postwar evolution of Bank of Japan (BOJ) monetary policy. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, we describe the changes in the money supply process in response to changing institutional constraints. We focus on the transition from quantitative to qualitative control mechanisms, illuminating, in particular, the important role of the BOJ's lending guidance (window guidance) in the early periods and financial liberalization in subsequent periods. Monetary policy reaction functions are estimated and used to verify major changes in policy instruments, targets, and indicators.JEL Classification Codes: E42, E52, E51経済学 / Economicstechnical repor