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Termos ambíguos do debate político atual: pequeno dicionário que você jovem não sabia que existia
No full textO objetivo principal de nosso projeto é a difusão de conhecimento científico sobre a terminologia usada no debate político atual. Este dicionário é uma versão adaptada da publicação destinada ao público geral. Nossa versão adaptada procura chegar a um público mais restrito de discentes do Ensino Médio, além de docentes, mães, pais, demais familiares, amigas e amigos.
Esta edição contém todos os verbetes da versão geral, transformados em textos mais curtos e ainda mais descomplicados, graças a um processo de condensação e simplificação textual.N/
As correspondências e não correspondências entre a língua e cultura chinesa e lusófona: análise de termos da botânica
No full textDespite belonging to two totally different language families, there is always a translatability between Chinese and Portuguese. The first Portuguese-Chinese dictionary by Matteo Ricci and Michele Ruggieri dating from the 17th century is the most persuasive evidence of this fact. On the one hand, there is no shortage of translation masterpieces today, and on the other hand, cultural exchange is intensifying at a rapid pace as the globalization process deepens. It is becoming urgent to pay attention to the differences existing in the two different cultures and the non-correspondences in their translation. Partial knowledge about another culture can lead to imprecise translation and result in equivocation of other related concepts in sequence. Undoubtedly, biological and cultural differences cause the phenomenon of non-correspondence the most. However, searching for similar concepts in the target language culture is also used as a frequent strategy, facilitating both the translator's work and the target audience's understanding. However, translation facilitation can bring misunderstandings. The non-matching of hyperonyms and hyponyms between the two cultures makes the translation of some concepts somewhat difficult. This paper aims to exemplify some of the issues of non-correspondence between the two languages, with the objective of contributing to a better understanding of the two cultures and the enhancement of translation between Chinese and Portuguese.Apesar de pertencerem a duas famílias linguísticas totalmente distintas, encontra-se sempre uma traduzibilidade entre a língua chinesa e portuguesa. O primeiro dicionário Português-Chinês de Matteo Ricci e Michele Ruggieri do século XVII é a evidência mais persuasiva desse fato. Por um lado, não há carência de obras-primas de tradução nos dias de hoje e, por outro lado, o intercâmbio cultural intensifica-se a ritmo acelerado à medida que o processo de globalização se aprofunda. Torna-se premente prestar atenção à existência de diferenças existentes nas duas culturas diferentes e às não correspondências na sua tradução. O conhecimento parcial em relação a outra cultura pode originar uma tradução imprecisa e resultar em equívoco a respeito de outros conceitos associados em sequência. É indubitável que as diferenças de espécies biológicas e culturais são as que mais causam o fenômeno da não correspondência. Todavia, a procura de conceitos similares na cultura da língua de chegada é igualmente uma estratégia frequentemente utilizada, facilitando tanto o trabalho de tradutor, quanto a compreensão do público-alvo. Porém, a facilitação da tradução pode trazer mal-entendidos. No entanto, a não correspondência relativamente a hiperónimos e hipónimos entre as duas culturas dificulta, de certo modo, a tradução de alguns conceitos. O presente trabalho pretende exemplificar algumas das questões de não correspondências entre as duas línguas, com o objetivo de contribuir para a melhor compreensão entre a língua chinesa e portuguesa.N/
Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um pipeline analítico a novas dietas formuladas com microalgas para aplicação em aquacultura
No full textA atual expansão do setor de aquacultura está a impulsionar o desenvolvimento de produtos baseados em microalgas produzidas industrialmente. A implementação de dietas comerciais em maternidades de aquacultura, permite a redução da produção in loco de microalgas, contribuindo para a otimização do esforço de manutenção e redução dos custos de produção nas maternidades. A combinação de espécies de microalgas adaptadas aos requerimentos nutricionais das espécies alvo e adaptadas a diferentes sistemas de cultivo, é uma estratégia pouco explorada assim como, a utilização de aditivos nas formulações, tais como probióticos e quelantes de amónia.
Em larvicultura de peixes marinhos, as microalgas são utilizadas em 3 técnicas fundamentais: 1) “técnica de água verde”, 2) cultivo de rotíferos e 3) enriquecimento de alimento vivo. Desta forma, desenvolveram-se produtos adaptados às diferentes etapas de produção, nomeadamente, o produto piloto de tipologia pó, designado H2O Verde com Nannochloropsis sp e Chlorella sp. (CN) e com probióticos (CNP) para a “técnica de água verde”, de forma a aumentar a performance biológica das larvas de peixe marinhas. Para o cultivo de rotíferos, desenvolveram-se 3 produtos distintos para os diferentes modos e sistemas de produção. A formulação P.Rot Contínuo de tipologia pó, desenvolvida para o cultivo de rotíferos de forma semi-contínua, combina microalgas, probióticos e quelante de amónia para manutenção da qualidade da água. Em tipologia de concentrado líquido, desenvolveu-se o produto premium P. Rot Batch (18 % peso seco - PS) para cultivo de rotíferos em sistemas fechados e modo de produção batch. Constituído por uma solução diluente hipersalina modificada, permitiu a otimização da qualidade microbiológica do produto e do cultivo, aumentando a eficiência de produção. Os Recirculating aquaculture system’s (P. Rot RAS), começaram recentemente a ser utilizados para a produção intensiva de rotíferos em modo de produção semi-contínuo. Devido ao seu complexo sistema de filtragem, desenvolveu-se o produto P. Rot RAS, em concentrado líquido, com uma densidade mais reduzida (15 % PS) e com uma solução salina otimizada (35 ppt). Esta formulação permitiu a aplicação em sistemas RotiRAS® (IDEE aquaculture, França) sem colmatação de filtros e promoveu a eficiência do cultivo de rotíferos.
Atualmente, há uma grande procura por soluções alimentares para bivalves com microalgas produzidas industrialmente uma vez que, o setor se encontra em expansão devido à súbita necessidade de aumentar a produção de sementes (pós-larvas) de bivalves em maternidades, uma vez que as alterações climáticas promoveram o declínio abrupto do recrutamento natural. As dietas comerciais existentes, não respeitam as espécies e proporções adequadas para a nutrição dos bivalves. Desta forma, as dietas BIV 1 e BIV 2 foram desenvolvidas em concentrado líquido de baixa densidade (8 % PS), para o cultivo de pós-larvas e juvenis. Posteriormente, a dieta BIV 1 foi otimizada em termos de solução salina diluente.
Através do presente estágio foi possível desenvolver 7 produtos piloto para aquacultura através dos quais se estabeleceu um pipeline analítico de desenvolvimento de novos produtos de microalgas para aquacultura.The current expansion of the aquaculture sector is driving the development of products based on industrially produced microalgae. The implementation of commercial diets in aquaculture hatcheries, allows the reduction of on-site production of microalgae, contributing to the optimization of maintenance efforts and reduction of production costs in the hatcheries. The combination of microalgae species adapted to the nutritional requirements of the target species and adapted to different culture systems is a little explored strategy, as well as the use of additives in the formulations, such as probiotics and ammonia chelators.
In fish marine larviculture, microalgae are used in 3 fundamental techniques: 1) "green water technique", 2) rotifer culture and 3) live food enrichment. Therefore, products adapted to the different production stages were developed, namely the pilot product of the powder type, named H2O Verde with Nannochloropsis sp and Chlorella sp. (CN) and with probiotics (CNP) for the "green water technique", in order to increase the biological performance of marine fish larvae. For rotifer culture, 3 different products were developed for the different production modes and systems. The powder formulation P.Rot contínuo, developed for semi-continuous rotifer cultivation, combines microalgae, probiotics and ammonia chelator for maintenance of water quality. In liquid concentrate typology, the premium product P. Rot Batch (18% dry weight - PS) was developed for rotifer culture in closed systems and batch production mode. Consisting of a modified hypersaline diluent solution, it allowed the optimization of the microbiological quality of the product and the culture, increasing the production efficiency. Recirculating aquaculture system's (P. Rot RAS) have recently started to be used for intensive rotifer production in semi-continuous production mode. Due to its complex filtration system, the product P. Rot RAS formula was developed, in liquid concentrate, with a lower density (15% PS) and an optimized salt solution (35 ppt). This formulation allowed the application in RotiRAS® systems (IDEE aquaculture, France) without filter clogging and promoted rotifer culture efficiency.
Currently, there is a high demand for industrially produced microalgae feed solutions for bivalves as the industry is expanding due to the sudden need to increase the production of bivalve seed (post-larvae) in hatcheries, as climate change has promoted a sharp decline in natural recruitment. Existing commercial diets do not respect the species and proportions appropriate for the nutrition of bivalves. Therefore, the BIV 1 and BIV 2 diets were developed in low density liquid concentrate (8 % PS), for the rearing of post-larvae and juveniles and juveniles, respectively. Subsequently, the BIV 1 diet was optimized in terms of diluent salt solution.
Through this internship, it was possible to develop 7 pilot products for aquaculture through which, analytical pipeline for the development of new microalgae products for aquaculture was established
3D Printing of raw earth composites – Effect of low environmental impact binder on the process and material properties
No full textThe rapid rate of climate change is increasingly affecting our everyday life and disrupting the
economy worldwide. The global construction industry is a major CO₂ emitter and a huge consumer
of natural resources and energy. Sustainability is a major concern, so the construction sector must
minimize its impact on the environment, embracing a radical transformation by minimizing its
impact on the environment, addressing this way the climate emergency. Europe is committed to
being the first carbon-neutral continent, promoting environmental and social change by addressing
the challenges of becoming more resilient, sustainable, and socially inclusive.
Over centuries, raw earth construction materials and techniques have been used to build houses,
mainly due to their minimal carbon footprint, low thermal conductivity, and good hygroscopic
properties. Natural fibers were added to the earth matrix to improve its performance. Today, there
is a rising interest in earthen composites as a building material, mainly due to their many
advantages in comparison with conventional construction materials. Using local materials can
reduce embodied energy in the transportation and storage of materials. Earth-based materials are
also better suited for the environment. The need to advance the green transition towards a more
circular economy is driving the construction sector towards a more efficient use of energy, natural
resources, and materials, incorporating low embodied carbon materials and new technologies.
Construction has been experiencing a digital revolution by incorporating new technologies and
construction processes, such as Additive Manufacturing (AM), also called 3D Printing (3DP). The
integration of 3DP into construction processes will allow for greater flexibility in design and
customization, with the emergence of complex shapes and new materials, as well as reducing costs,
time and waste. However, digital fabrication in construction is still evolving, holding great
potential for future construction automation, and presenting several advantages over conventional
construction technologies and processes.
The development of material compositions with appropriate flowability, extrudability,
buildability, to meet the 3-D printing process requisites is still a major challenge for the application
of 3-D printing. In this research work, different earth-based composites and binders were
investigated, on processing aspects and properties, for future digital extrusion
Territorial resilience on the aftermaths of COVID‐19 crisis—An exploratory analysis on the role of innovation
No full textThis study examines the impact of different regional determinants on heterogeneous territorial resilience to COVID-19 crisis, highlighting the role of innovation, particularly, the engagement of research and innovation (R&I) entities in networks with businesses. Two OLS models were separately estimated for the resistance and the recovery phases, complemented by a multinomial logistic model, applied to test for a non-linear relationship between R&I networks and territorial resilience. Results are robust concerning the positive influence on municipalities’ resistance and recovery of having R&I entities collaborating in innovation consortia. Education, stability and sectoral diversification of local labor market are also essential for regions to be able to resist to the crisis but seem not important for recovery. Finally, international trade openness and pre-crisis labor performance penalizes both resistance and recovery from downturns.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
3D Printed Preforms for Manufacturing Flexible Cork Composites
No full textAs concerns around climate and carbon footprint are better understood, countries around the world are increasingly pricing carbon. Initiatives such as the Paris Accord are a good example. As pricing carbon becomes more important, within the context of the manufacturing industry, sustainable materials are going to be well positioned to out-perform traditional non-renewables.
Recycled cork has the potential to serve as a substitute to current petroleum-based foams; and a more sustainable, lower carbon footprint alternative, at the same or similar cost.
This thesis will discuss the need for a new approach to the mass production of cork polymer composite materials, and the potential for additive manufacturing techniques to satisfy this need and improve their performance, while also reducing their environmental impact.
The proposed solution is a process for 3D printing cork preforms for compression molded TPE based cork polymer composites. This method will provide precise software-based density control, making it possible to fabricate highly flexible, lightweight composite parts without sacrificing durability
Monitorização de motores em frotas de veículos pesados com foco no combustível utilizado – Motor
No full textÉ bastante comum associar avarias no motor a problemas no combustível. No sentido de avaliar se o combustível pode ter alguma influência na degradação de motores pela contaminação do lubrificante, foi efetuado um estudo, tendo como base um conjunto de viaturas pesadas de duas empresas de transportes, no qual foram realizadas análises periódicas ao óleo lubrificante do motor.
Neste trabalho foram definidas metodologias e intervalos de recolha de amostras de óleo, assim como técnicas de análise, que podem, não só antever avarias mecânicas, como serem utilizadas para ajustar os intervalos de mudança de óleo ao estado dos óleos e dos motores, assim como ao tipo de utilização dos veículos. Estas técnicas podem refletir-se em redução de custos e/ou aumento de fiabilidade de veículos em frotas.
As recolhas foram realizadas maioritariamente em dois momentos, a metade e no final da vida útil do lubrificante (cerca de 60000 km), permitindo acompanhar a evolução de indicadores de estado, contaminação e desgaste do lubrificante, ao longo do ciclo de vida do lubrificante. A análise daqueles indicadores permitiu aferir eventuais indícios de avarias mecânicas nos motores dos veículos das frotas em estudo. Permitiu também identificar veículos em que as mudanças de óleo, sendo realizadas de acordo com o preconizado pelo fabricante, ocorreram demasiado cedo e demasiado tarde, face ao estado do lubrificante. Foram igualmente identificadas situações de degradação do óleo com origem no tipo de utilização do veículo. Não foram, no entanto, encontradas evidências de degradação dos motores associadas ao combustível
A Avaliação dos Trabalhadores com Recurso à Inteligência Artificial
No full textO desenvolvimento da Inteligência Artificial (IA), aliada à transformação tecnológica, tem
impactado, significativamente, o mundo laboral, desde logo através do surgimento de novas
formas de trabalho e de avaliação dos trabalhadores no desempenho das suas funções. Os
algoritmos desempenham um papel fundamental nessa transformação, influenciando não
apenas os métodos de trabalho, mas também a forma como os trabalhadores são
monitorizados e avaliados.
Este estudo pretende analisar os métodos de controlo e de avaliação de desempenho que o
empregador tem, atualmente, ao seu dispor, nomeadamente devido aos sistemas integrados
com IA, e verificar a sua conformidade com o atual acervo normativo.
Esses métodos incluem a introdução de novas tecnologias no local de trabalho, a recolha e
análise do feedback dos clientes e a utilização de algoritmos para processar esses dados e
obter conclusões sobre o seu desempenho.
No entanto, a avaliação dos trabalhadores com base em sistemas de IA ou algoritmos levanta
preocupações e riscos significativos. Entre os principais desafios, destacam-se a tomada de
decisões automatizadas sem qualquer intervenção humana, o risco de discriminação, a
possível violação dos direitos de personalidade e a desumanização do ambiente de trabalho.
Dada a crescente utilização destes sistemas, torna-se essencial compreender os mecanismos
de proteção disponíveis para os trabalhadores. Para isso, analisaremos os meios de defesa ao
seu dispor, quer através da contratação coletiva, quer por meio das mais recentes alterações
legislativas que visam garantir um equilíbrio entre inovação tecnológica e a salvaguarda dos
direitos laborais.The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), combined with technological
transformation, has had a significant impact on the world of work, first and foremost through
the emergence of new ways of working and evaluating workers in the performance of their
duties. Algorithms play a fundamental role in this transformation, influencing not only
working methods but also the way in which workers are monitored and evaluated.
This study aims to analyse the performance monitoring and evaluation methods currently
available to employers, particularly due to AI-integrated systems, and to verify their
compliance with the current regulatory framework.
These methods include the introduction of new technologies in the workplace, the collection
and analysis of customer feedback and the use of algorithms to process this data and draw
conclusions about their performance.
However, evaluating workers based on AI systems or algorithms raises significant concerns
and risks. Among the main challenges are automated decision-making without any human
intervention, the risk of discrimination, the possible violation of personality rights and the
dehumanisation of the work environment.
Given the increasing use of these systems, it is essential to understand the protection
mechanisms available to workers. To this end, we will analyze the means of defense
available to them, both through collective bargaining and through the most recent legislative
changes that aim to ensure a balance between technological innovation and the safeguarding
of labor rights
The JPEG Pleno Learning-Based Point Cloud Coding Standard: Serving Man and Machine
No full textInformation and data sciences: https://www.it.pt/Publications/PaperJournal/34608Efficient point cloud coding has become increasingly critical for multiple applications such as virtual reality, autonomous driving, and digital twin systems, where rich and interactive 3D data representations may functionally make the difference. Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool in this domain, offering advanced techniques for compressing point clouds more efficiently than conventional coding methods while also allowing effective computer vision tasks performed in the compressed domain thus, for the first time, making available a common compressed visual representation effective for both man and machine. Taking advantage of this potential, JPEG has recently finalized the JPEG Pleno Learning-based Point Cloud Coding (PCC) standard offering efficient lossy coding of static point clouds, targeting both human visualization and machine processing by leveraging deep learning models for geometry and color coding. The geometry is processed directly in its original 3D form using sparse convolutional neural networks, while the color data is projected onto 2D images and encoded using the also learning-based JPEG AI standard. The goal of this paper is to provide a complete technical description of the JPEG PCC standard, along with a thorough benchmarking of its performance against the state-of-the-art, while highlighting its main strengths and weaknesses. In terms of compression performance, JPEG PCC outperforms the conventional MPEG PCC standards, especially in geometry coding, achieving significant rate reductions. Color compression performance is less competitive but this is overcome by the power of a full learning-based coding framework for both geometry and color and the associated effective compressed domain processing.This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT, Funder ID = 50110000187), under the project with reference UIDB/50008/2020 [Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.54499/UIDB/50008/2020] and the project with reference PTDC/EEI-COM/1125/2021 entitled ‘‘Deep Learning-based Point Cloud Representation.’N/
Developing Portuguese Nurses’ Skills in Inter-Hospital Transportation of Critically Ill Patients: Quality Improvement Project
No full textSelf-awareness among nurses involved in inter-hospital transport is crucial, as recognizing their limitations helps them improve their skills and make better use of tools that support inter-hospital transport, ultimately resulting in more efficient care. Objectives: To evaluate nurses’ self-perceived competences in an emergency department in Portugal regarding the inter-hospital transport of critically ill patients, implement interventions to facilitate the development of nurses’ competences, and evaluate the interventions carried out. Methods: A quality improvement project was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved a diagnostic study, the second phase focused on implementing interventions to improve nurses’ performance, and the third phase consisted of a descriptive study to evaluate the interventions implemented. Results: A total of 40 nurses participated in the study, with an average age of 39 (39.10 ± 11.83) years old, an average of 16 (16.09 ± 11.06) years of professional nursing experience, and an average of 11 (10.94 ± 10.91) years of experience in inter-hospital transport of critically ill patients. The nursing records during inter-hospital transport received the lowest self-perception rating, prompting the implementation of an intervention in the form of a nursing records checklist. Conclusions: The interventions implemented led to a change in self-perceptions of competence. Nurses’ self-awareness of their competences and limitations is crucial to deliver safe and quality nursing care. Providing opportunities for reflection on skills is therefore crucial to improving care delivery and encouraging the development of professional skills, attitudes, and behaviors