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太岳抗日根拠地における群衆英雄運動 : 前線根拠地における英雄の表象
No full textThe Chinese Communist Party (CCP) developed a hero model movement at its anti-Japanese bases, modeled on the Soviet Union’s Stakhanov Movement. Previous studies have examined the role of the hero model movement in social transformation and its relationship with the grassroots cadres. However, the characteristics of the movement at each base have not been clarified. In this report, I would like to clarify the characteristics of the movement by analyzing the hero model movement in the frontline Taiyue base area. Due to the blockade imposed by the Japanese army and the suspension of supplies from the Kuomintang of China from 1940, the Taiyue base area began to honor labor heroes and militia heroes to promote a national resistance against Japan. After 1944, the methods of the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region’s hero model movement were introduced, but the unique characteristics of the movement in the Taiyue base area were maintained. In addition, the Taiyue base area’s method of honoring examples of weak and revolutionary individuals, such as military families and disabled military members, was also inherited by the hero model movement of the People’s Republic of China. This relationship of succession can be understood by capturing the overall development of the hero model movement, including events experienced at the front line prior to the Yan’an Great Production Campaign
税務行政の効率性に係る諸相（一） : ドイツ行政法・租税法の議論と制度改正について
No full textDieser Arbeit behandelt Effizienz in Bezug auf Steuerverwaltung in Bundesrepblik Deutschland. Insbesonderes legt der Autor über effiziente Handeln von Steuerverwaltung über. In Deutschland werden es versucht, Steuervollzug effizient zu gestalten. Und zwar, nicht nur praktisch, sondern theoritisch. Die Gegenstände der Überlegung sind, konkret, elektrische Steuerarklärung, tatsächliche Verständigung, verbindliche Auskunft und digitale Steuerprüfung. Es ist wichtig, wie jede Handeln wirkt in der Steuerverwaltung. Der Autor legt über rechtliche Art und Weise von jeden Handeln über. Und es ist auch notwendig, jede Handeln in Hinblick auf Steuerprinzipien rechtlich zu legitimieren
Legal Sources and Juridical Literature in Byzantium: A Survey and Commentary
No full textThe sixth century codification of Emperor Justinian marks the end of the history of Roman law in antiquity; at the same time, it heralds the beginning of a phase occasionally labelled the ‘second life’ of Roman law, i.e. its history from the early Middle Ages to modern times. In the Eastern Empire of Byzantium, the legislation of Justinian remained in force and applied until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453. However, the social conditions and intellectual climate of the Greek-speaking Byzantine world required the simplification and popularization of the intricate Roman legal heritage. This inspired the development of a new genre of juridical literature that included a large number of translations, summaries, paraphrases, and commentaries on Justinian’s legal works as well as several important legislative enactments designed to adapt the Roman law of Justinian to the prevailing conditions and address new social and economic challenges. The post- Justinianic legal development in the Byzantine East is tremendously significant to the modern jurist as it forms an important part of the intellectual background of contemporary legal culture, especially in countries formerly within the orbit of the Byzantine civilization. The purpose of the present paper is to review the principal legal sources of the Byzantine era in their historical context and provide information on their content and impact. It is hoped that the paper will be of interest to scholars and students of legal history, particularly those with an interest in the legacy of the Roman-Byzantine legal tradition
詩と発話行為論 : 『吠える』裁判（1957）におけることばの猥褻性
No full textThis paper examines the boundary between obscenity and literariness in words used within poetry, from the viewpoint of speech-act theory by J. L. Austin, focusing on the trial on Allen Ginsberg’s Howl and Other Poems in 1957. Several critics, such as Richard Ohmann, Charles Altieri, and Terry Eagleton, discuss the importance of speech-act theory in literature. Reconsidering these analyses, the authors of this paper try to add the new idea to the relationship between speech-act theory and words used in poetry. Then we argue the difference between obscene literature and poems using obscene words, and finally clarify the characteristics of words used in poetry.
Ginsberg’s Howl and Other Poems contains ordinary language, vulgar words, sexual descriptions, and four-letter words, of which few poets tried to use in their works at that time. The owner and clerk of City Lights Book Store were indicted for obscenity charge in the state court in California in 1957 since they sold this book. In this trial, there were two points at issue: “The first one being that the book is to be construed as a whole.... Number two, whether or not the use of certain words which may in their separate context be considered vulgar or coarse or filthy or disgusting... whether they, together with passages that may encompass them ... are just put in there for no purpose at all except to excite erotic or lustful desires”(Ehrlich 37). The judgment document concludes“ the defendant is found not guilty” (Ehrlich 127).
What did the prosecution and the attorney argue in the trial? In order to make the conditions for obscenity on Howl and Other Poems clear, we return Austin’s How to Do Things with Words and pick up some key concepts for words used in poetry, such as “ordinary / special circumstances”(22), “the normal conditions of reference may be suspended”(104), and “meaning, sense, reference”(157) in his commentary referring to poetry. By using Austin’s analytical frame, especially in his “special theory”(148), we can see how the obscene words lose their obscenity in poetry, and grasp some of characteristics of words used instead, and finally, are found not obscene but having literariness such as in Howl and Other Poems.本稿は，2021 年6 月5 日（土）に慶応義塾大学にてオンラインで開催された第55 回アメリカ学会年次大会における口頭発表「詩と猥褻表現－ J.L. オースティンの観点からみた『吠える』裁判（1957）における言語の猥褻性－」を加筆・修正したものである
第75期日本語研修コース成果発表会スピーチ作文集
No full textPANDEY ABHISHEK KUMAR…1
ELPITIYA BADALGE RACHITHA SANKALPA…7
SARNE PAUL JAZON ILAGAN…10
KORAWALI SARAH UWALI…14
MENUTA BETHEL FEKEDE…16
MURADZIKWA BLESSING…19
BADJIE ADAMA…2
