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Gamma-ray-induced modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene solid materials with halogen-containing olefins for X-ray CT image contrast enhancement
No full textIt is known that X-ray CT of organic polymer materials usually provides low-contrast images because of the low X-ray absorption of these materials. In this paper, we describe a new method to enhance the contrast of X-ray CT images of organic polymer materials. We demonstrate that gamma-ray irradiation of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers in dichloromethane containing 2-bromoethyl methacrylate, 2-chloroethyl methacrylate, or 4-bromostyrene results in the grafting of halogen-containing oligomeric chains onto the PET fibers. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analyses revealed a homogeneous distribution of bromine atoms within the 2-bromoethyl methacrylate-modified PET fibers, not only on the surface. This uniform incorporation translated to a significant improvement in X-ray CT image contrast compared with pristine fibers. Similar treatment of polypropylene pellets also enhanced the contrast of their X-ray CT images. This is a new simple and effective method to enhance the X-ray CT image contrast and potentially applicable to various polymer materials including polymer composites and porous polymer materials, readily allowing the observation of their 3D microstructures finely
Effects of Coating Characteristics of One-Step Aerosol Synthesized–Silica-Coated FeNi Nanostructured Particles on Powder Core Properties for Electronic Machine Development
No full textNanostructured particles with a core–shell structure have been highlighted in recent developments in various fields including electronic machinery applications. Applying nonagglomerated nanoscaled-silica-coated soft-magnetic particles into powder core inductors (PCIs), power converters in electronic machines, promises efficiency improvement. In this study, nanostructuring silica-coated FeNi (FeNi@SiO2) particles was conducted via an aerosol method by introducing the SiO2 (0.4 nm) from hexamethyldisiloxane to the FeNi particles. The effect of varying the supplied amounts of FeNi (as the core) and SiO2 (as the shell) materials on the core–shell structure and electrical properties of a powder core was investigated. The results revealed that controlling the FeNi core number (NFeNi) played a critical role in determining the coating characteristics. Applying a higher NFeNi yielded superior coating properties, characterized by decreased shell inhomogeneity and pristine silica nanoparticles due to heterogeneous nucleation. Notably, a higher level of shell inhomogeneity and the presence of silica nanoparticles caused increased eddy current loss and decreased the breakdown voltage in the powder core. This is the first study to elucidate the correlation between the structure of FeNi@SiO2 particles and the electrical properties of a powder core. This study provides insights into the factors influencing nanoscaled-coating characteristics and powder core properties, which are crucial for advancing electronic components
自閉スペクトラム症児童におけるエピソード記述を用いた対人的かかわりの分析
No full textThis study aimed to identify the characteristics of social interactions in a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across a regular classroom and small-group settings. We observed the interactions between the target child and peers in both settings. The episodic recording method was used for data collection, resulting in 11 episodes: five from the regular classroom and six from the small-group setting. The results revealed that: 1) the target child’s interaction patterns differed between the regular classroom and small-group settings; 2) the child became overly focused on winning in competitive situations, potentially overlooking others’ feelings; and 3) practice and increased confidence led to more positive interactions and verbalizations. These findings suggest the importance of considering multiple environments when assessing and supporting children with ASD as well as the potential benefits of structured practice in improving social interactions
近世城下町における寺院の配置の変遷に関する研究 : 金沢城下町を事例にして
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the urban planning by the Kanazawa feudal lord regarding the placement of temples. In the modern times, the feudal lords promoted urban development, including temples. However, it`s not clear how the clan leaders planned to place the temples in the city. To this end, a temple distribution map was created for each clan leader's reign, and the types of changes in temples were examined. The layout of temples in early modern castle towns has been discussed with a focus on temple clusters, such as the temple area found in each castle town. Most of them point out that the purpose of temple concentrations was military. However, there are some problems with these arguments, such as the fact that they do not take into account temples outside of the temple agglomeration areas, and the fact that they do not take into account the period when the temples were established. The following two points can be pointed out as results of this study. First, it showed that there was a significant difference between the two temple clusters in terms of when they were established. Second, it points out the role of the temple agglomerations at the entrances to the roads. Although it was previously explained in terms of a defensive function, we pointed out that the timing of its establishment and the appearance of the temple cluster suggest that it was not a defensive function. By looking at the layout of temples by clan leader's reign, this study points out the discrepancies in the timing of the establishment of temple clusters and the inconsistencies when considered from a defensive perspective
SDGs達成のための大学の取り組み : 先行研究のレビューを中心に
No full textUniversities in many countries, including Japan, are working towards the SDGs against a background of widespread efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the explicitly stated need to develop the creators of sustainable societies. This paper aims to analyses how universities incorporate the SDGs into education, research and social services by reviewing previous studies in Japanese, English and Chinese, as well as case studies at the University of Bologna, Tsinghua University and Hiroshima University. The analysis revealed the need to examine the university's achievements in realising the SDGs and to supplement the research on SDGs-related educational outcomes at the micro-classroom level in an appropriate way. Besides, it is expected to propose SDGs-related teaching improvements, curriculum development and quality improvement measures for the university from an international perspective
Impact of Disaster Prevention Education Training in Thailand: Insights from Instructor Training
No full textThis study examines the impact of evacuation drill training in formal schools in Thailand. We conducted a two-day training session on December 24 and 25, 2023, for 15 participants, including university professors and students, local government officers, and schoolteachers. This training focused on planning evacuation drills in schools. We distributed a questionnaire to participants to determine their understanding of the training content and its effects. The results indicated that the participants had acquired considerable knowledge and skills through the training, particularly in understanding the significance of evacuation planning in schools and imparting knowledge to students before disasters occur, based on the Japanese experience. These findings highlight the importance of learning concrete examples of natural disasters
哲学研究とモラル
No full textMulta errata sunt inventa in libris quos his annis legi. Quod sutupefecit me et fecit me scribere hanc commentationem. An vero illi qui philosophiae pratextu, libros, quos Jaspers ursit me legere, plenos erratorum publicantes, alios vexant et decipiunt, id amico et benigno animo vel ambitione agant, ipsorum testor conscientiam. Exlempli gratia, abbrevatio erronea(PTA(sic), recte, PhTA), signa prolationis, duplex translatio, et translationes erroneae. In libris quos scripserunt doctores famosi, multa expressionum Graecarum errata invenimus, quae videntur oriri ex ignorantia grammaticae Graecae horum auctorum. Quod vero vexat studium philosophicum eorum qui sincere philosophantur. Iam si recte disputavimus, haec multa errata ita sunt intellegenda, ut contingent ex ignoratnia grammaticae Graecae horum auctorum qui simulant scire linguam Graecam, non vero scientes. Grammatica Graeca quam aversatur, aliquis libros publicare potest, et falsa grammatica Latina quam imperfecte didicit, professor fieri potest; veritate vero quam non cognoscit, grammatica vera Graeca et Latina quam aversatur, philosophus verus fieri non potest. Ignorantes externos frustra induit mores, cum philologia et sincernitate opus sit ut pholosophus verus fiat
Comparative analysis of physiological, enzymatic, and genetic responses revealed the differences in salt tolerance between two rice varieties at the seedling stage
No full textSalt stress remains a global problem affecting agricultural production, and the elucidation of stress tolerance mechanisms in crops, such as rice, can provide essential information to breeders to generate improved cultivars capable of withstanding environmental challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance mechanisms of two rice cultivars with different salinity tolerance. The rice cultivars, Sakha Super 300 (SS300, tolerant) and Blue Bonnet 76 (BB76, sensitive), were subjected to 0 and 100 mM NaCl (control and salt stress, respectively) for 14 days. Subsequently, growth indices (dry weight and plant length), physiological parameters (Na+ and K+ concentrations, secondary metabolites, enzyme activities, and chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations), and the expression of Na+ and K+ transport-coding genes were determined. The results showed that the dry weight (DW) of SS300 was not significantly altered by salt stress, whereas that of BB76 decreased by 1.8 folds. The leaf Na+ concentration in SS300 (15.3 mg/g DW) was less than that of BB76 (23.7 mg/g DW), whereas the ratio of Na+/K+ was significantly higher in BB76 than in SS300 leaves. The leaf proline concentration of BB76 was 23-fold that of control and 9-fold that of SS300, whereas total flavonoid increased only in the leaves of SS300 (38 % increase). Regarding antioxidant enzyme activities, peroxidase (POD) significantly declined (2.7-fold) in the leaves of BB76 but remained unchanged in SS300. Regarding gene expression, there was 21- and 10-fold upregulation of OsHKT1;5 expression in the roots of SS300 and BB76, respectively, whereas root OsAKT1 and OsHAK7 were induced only in SS300 (2.3 and 2-fold induction, respectively). These results suggest that the susceptibility of BB76 to salt stress is likely attributed to the utilization of more energy for osmolyte synthesis, and reduced antioxidants and Na+ and K+ regulation.AMMM extends his appreciation to the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT, Egypt) for funding the Graduation Projects conducted at Laboratory of Plant Nutritional Physiology, Minia University, Egypt
Impact of air exposure post-steam curing on the internal curing efficiency of porous ceramic roof-tile waste fine aggregate in steam-cured fly ash concrete
No full textThis study aims to elucidate the impact of drying on the internal curing effect of fine aggregates derived from roof-tile waste in steam-cured fly ash concrete. The research examines the compressive strength, mass loss, surface moisture content, and surface air permeability of the concrete under two conditions: conventional steam curing (followed by exposure to air) and six-day sealed curing post-steam curing. Additionally, pore size distributions were exclusively evaluated for concrete exposed to air post-steam curing. Results indicate that drying after steam curing negatively affects the internal curing by porous ceramic roof-tile waste. Nonetheless, internal curing effectively mitigated the negative impact of drying on the surface layer of steam-cured concrete
Human cranial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured under simulated microgravity can improve cerebral infarction in rats
No full textThe efficacy of transplanting human cranial bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hcMSCs) cultured under simulated microgravity (sMG) conditions has been previously reported; however, their effect on cerebral infarction remains unknown. Here, we examined the efficacy of transplanting hcMSCs cultured in an sMG environment into rat models of cerebral infarction. For evaluating neurological function, hcMSCs cultured in either a normal gravity (1G) or an sMG environment were transplanted in rats 1 day after inducing cerebral infarction. The expression of endogenous neurotrophic, axonal, neuronal, synaptogenic, angiogenic, and apoptosis-related factors in infarcted rat brain tissue was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting 35 days after stroke induction. The RNAs of hcMSCs cultured under 1G or sMG environments were sequenced. The results showed that neurological function was significantly improved after transplantation of hcMSCs from the sMG group compared with that from the 1G group. mRNA expressions of nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, and synaptophysin were significantly higher in the sMG group than in the 1G group, whereas sortilin 1 expression was significantly lower. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that genes related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neurotrophy, neural and synaptic organization, and inhibition of cell differentiation were significantly upregulated in the sMG group. In contrast, genes promoting microtubule and extracellular matrix formation and cell adhesion, signaling, and differentiation were downregulated. These results demonstrate that hcMSCs cultured in the sMG environment may be a useful source of stem cells for the recovery of neurological function after cerebral infarction