38268 research outputs found
Sort by
일진회와 그 연구사에 대하여
No full text이른바 ' 친일 ' 단체로 알려진 일진회 ( 一進會) 는 20 세기 초 한반도에서 최대 규모를 자랑한 단체였다 . 현재 일본과 한국 사이에 ‘친일‘ 문제가 논의될 때마다 일진 회가 종종 민족주의와 함께 나타나듯이 일진회는 오늘날에도 여전히 정치적 이슈가 되 고 있다 . 이 글에서는 일진회에 대한 개요와 선행연구에 대해 정리한 것이다
日中戦争下中国における「民意」の表出と行政 : 国民参政会・国防最高委員会・行政院の関係
No full textIn July 1938, in order to promote wartime policy, the Chinese Nationalist Party established the People’s Political Council, which accepted political participation from regional representatives, representatives from overseas Chinese and ethnic minorities, the Chinese Communist Party, various Democratic factions, and representatives from business organizations. Therefore, they tried to build a total war system as much as possible under the conditions of war with Japan. This paper analyzes how the element of popular will expressed by the People’s Political Council influenced China’s wartime administration, within the framework of the tripartite relationship between the Supreme Council of National Defense as the highest policy-making agency and the Executive Yuan as the policy enforcement agency. In conclusion, it was found that the People’s Political Council was not an advisory agency that could not constrain the administration of the Kuomintang government at all, and that a weak balance of power existed between the People’s Political Council, the Supreme Council of National Defense, and the Executive Yuan
Geography Education as Citizenship Education: Focusing on Agency, Co-agency and Co-creation
No full textWho creates geography education as citizenship education? This question has so far been discussed from the teaching perspective. However, recent empirical research findings indicate that children do not always learn as their teachers intend. Geography education as citizenship education is not something that only teachers should aim for, but something that they should aim for together with students. This study examined two cases of geography learning that sought to change the locus of power regarding aims and assessment, with “Agency”, “Co-agency,” and “Co-creation” as key words. The results are summarized as follows: (1) In geography learning, learning activities in which students set their own learning aims and create their own assessment tasks are considered effective for learning in which students exercise agency. (2) The role of the teacher as an expert is essential to geography education as citizenship education. (3) To co-create geography education as citizenship education, teachers and students need to share a common understanding of the changing locus of power in teaching and learning. However, teachers remained in control of many of the decisions regarding the content of geography learning. Further discussion for geography education as citizenship education is needed
A Constitutive Principle of Regional Geographical Learning That Reconstructs Stereotypical Regional Representation in Elementary School Social Studies
No full textThis study proposes a lesson model for reconstructing stereotypical regional representations in regional geographical learning in elementary school social studies. Previous studies on geography education have suggested that regional geographical learning could create stereotypes regarding places, regions, and countries through simplification, fixation, and othering. Recent geographical studies have considered regions as sociallyconstructed products. Therefore, based on social constructivist learning, children must examine, criticize, and reconstruct their own regional representations. Based on the results of social psychology research and area studies, five strategies (consciousness of stereotyping, decategorization, recategorization, cross-cutting categorization, and metacognition of recategorization) based on human mental responses are important for reconstructing stereotyped regional representations. To develop a lesson model that incorporates these strategies, it would be effective to incorporate the Knowledge Constructive Jigsaw method, which aims to generate collaborative knowledge, into the Social Construction Reconstructive Regional Geographical Learning to examine, critique, and reconstruct regional representations using geographical concepts. This lesson model allows children to relativize their stereotypes and reconstruct new regional representations through dialogue
Impact of Trifluoroacetic Acid on Tetraethoxysilane and Amine-Functionalized Tetraethoxysilane Silica Membranes for CO2 Separation
No full textAmorphous silica derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is known for its remarkable properties, including high chemical and thermal stabilities. However, its inherent structure presents challenges for effective CO2/N2 separation, owing to the difficulty in controlling the silica pore size, considering the similar sizes of CO2 (0.33 nm) and N2 (0.36 nm) molecules. In this study, we investigated the impact of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and amine (APTES: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilyl) concentrations, aiming to leverage tailored silica structures with enhanced CO2 affinity. Specifically, a two-stage investigation was conducted by first examining the influence of TFA on the pore structure of the TEOS networks, followed by an analysis of the CO2 separation performance using composite TEOS–APTES membranes in the presence of TFA. While the TEOS (TFA) membrane exhibited a CO2 permeance of 10–6 mol m–2 s–1 Pa–1, its CO2/N2 permselectivity remained low. However, introducing TFA into the TEOS–APTES structure resulted in a notable transformation of the primary amine (NH2) groups into amide (−NHCOCF3) functionalities, along with improved microporous properties. This was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, reversible CO2 adsorption/desorption, and the high uptake of adsorbed N2. The resulting composite TEOS–APTES (TFA) membranes with APTES concentrations of 2 and 5 mol % demonstrated enhanced CO2 permeation properties, achieving a CO2/N2 selectivity of 15 and 35, respectively. This improvement is attributed to the increased pore volume and the introduction of amide functionalities (−NHCOCF3), which exhibit mild affinity for CO2. These findings suggest that the developed composite (TEOS–APTES) membranes are promising for industrial applications that require efficient CO2 separation
Spatial allocation of heavy commercial vehicles parking areas through geo-fencing
No full textInadequate parking planning for heavy commercial vehicles (HCV) exacerbates urban road congestion. As an effective means of parking management, geofencing that identifies the virtual boundary for geographic areas is essential to ensure these vehicles do not impede traffic and urban spaces. However, geofenced areas must be rationally designed to prevent mismatches between parking areas and real parking needs. This paper presents a data-driven approach that integrates the Spatial-temporal Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (ST-DBSCAN) methods and a Gaussian mixture model for identifying and predicting potential parking areas for HCVs. Leveraging the HCV trajectory data and land use data in Shanghai, China, we characterize the spatial distribution of parking demand and create a probabilistic model to predict active HCV traffic patterns and the spatial confidence regions under varying land use conditions. The results show that clusters of HCV parking demand tend to congregate near ports, comprehensive transportation hubs, logistics centers, and commercial hubs. These clusters correspond to five distinct parking demand patterns (i.e., day-long HCV stops, morning peak time HCV stops, daytime HCV stops, afternoon peak time HCV stops, and nighttime HCV stops), each reflecting specific spatiotemporal characteristics. The geofenced spatial domain was found to be very sensitive to the timing of parking, emphasizing the importance of using advanced geofencing technologies. The methodological framework introduced in this study holds significant value for policymakers and HCV operators as it aids in determining parking at strategic levels, offering valuable insights and tools to enhance the effectiveness of parking management.This study has been partially supported by the project funded by the Ministry of Land, Information, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) regarding development of efficient logistics systems (reference number A2300392); The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) has established the Promotion of Science, Technology and Innovation Project (Reference number JPMJFS21). The 111 Project of China under Grant (Reference number B20082); The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (Reference number 72174035); National High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan of China (Reference number G2023193005L)
Simple and facile synthesis of a CuS film using a copper formate–thioacetamide complex ink
No full textIn this study, we developed a simple and facile synthesis method for producing CuS films at low temperatures. The method uses self-reducible complex inks comprising copper formate (Cuf) as the copper source and thioacetamide (TA) as both the sulfur source and complexing agent. The thermal properties of complex inks with different TA/Cuf ratios (0.5–2.0) were analyzed. The ink with a TA/Cuf ratio of 1 exhibited a significant decrease in the reduction temperature. The synthesis of a CuS film involved calcination of the ink at 140 °C; however, some residual Cuf was observed. Introducing hexanol to the ink, aimed at prolonging the liquid-phase reaction, yielded a pure CuS film that contained agglomerated particles. The thermal reduction pathway of Cuf to CuS was analyzed through thermogravimetric–mass spectrometric analysis, and the results revealed that the low-temperature synthesis was attributed to the formation of acetonitrile and formic acid during thermal decomposition of the ink
Correlation of the Charge Resonance Interaction with Cluster Conformations Probed by Electronic Spectroscopy of Dimer Radical Cations of CO2 and CS2 in a Cryogenic Ion Trap
No full textRadical cations of dimeric clusters of carbon dioxide/disulfide, [(CX2)2]+• (X = O and S), form strong intracluster bonds through charge resonance (CR) interactions. We herein performed electronic photodissociation spectroscopy of [(CX2)2]+• while regulating the temperature under ambient and cryogenic conditions using a quadrupole ion trap. Both ions exhibited broad band absorption in the near-infrared–visible light region; it is called the “CR band”, as a measure of the strength of the CR interaction. Strikingly, this band underwent a noticeable blue shift upon cryogenic cooling for [(CS2)2]+• while not for [(CO2)2]+•. On the basis of quantum chemical calculations with a coupled cluster method, the band shift was attributed to the variations in the relative population of two energetically close conformers found for [(CS2)2]+•. This study highlights a strong correlation between CR interactions and conformation of the radical dimer cations, demonstrating the exceptional significance of cryogenic cooling in the chemistry of ionic molecular clusters.This work was financially supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers: JP19K15507 and JP22K14649), Futaba Foundation, and Electronic Technology Research Foundation of Chugoku
Cholinergic modulation of interhemispheric inhibition in the mouse motor cortex
No full textInterhemispheric inhibition of the homotopic motor cortex is believed to be effective for accurate unilateral motor function. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying interhemispheric inhibition during unilateral motor behavior remain unclear. Furthermore, the impact of the neuromodulator acetylcholine on interhemispheric inhibition and the associated cellular mechanisms are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted recordings of neuronal activity from the bilateral motor cortex of mice during the paw-reaching task. Subsequently, we analyzed interhemispheric spike correlation at the cell-pair level, classifying putative cell types to explore the underlying cellular circuitry mechanisms of interhemispheric inhibition. We found a cell-type pair-specific enhancement of the interhemispheric spike correlation when the mice were engaged in the reaching task. We also found that the interhemispheric spike correlation was modulated by pharmacological acetylcholine manipulation. The local field responses to contralateral excitation differed along the cortical depths, and muscarinic receptor antagonism enhanced the inhibitory component of the field response in deep layers. The muscarinic subtype M2 receptor is predominantly expressed in deep cortical neurons, including GABAergic interneurons. These results suggest that GABAergic interneurons expressing muscarinic receptors in deep layers mediate the neuromodulation of interhemispheric inhibition in the homotopic motor cortex.This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI 19H0572301, 21H02581, and 23K18256 to H.A., KAKENHI 22K06485 to T.H., and the Program of the Network-type Joint Usage/Research Center for Radiation Disaster Medical Science. A part of this research is based on the Cooperative Research Project of Research Center for Biomedical Engineering