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Photophysical properties of donor–acceptor antiaromatic organoboron compounds based on dithienodiborinines
No full textBoron-containing antiaromatics, such as diborinines and boroles, have sparked interest in materials chemists owing to their exciting optical properties and high Lewis acidity. In this study, we synthesized donor–acceptor (D–A) type diborinines fused with thiophene rings by introducing electron-donating amino-substituted aryl groups onto boron and elucidated their properties. The D–A type dithienodiborinines exhibited long-wavelength absorption arising from their D–A interactions and antiaromaticity. In addition, their fluorescence intensity increased under oxygen-free conditions, indicating thermally activated delayed fluorescence.This work was supported by the Furukawa Foundation for the Promotion of Technology
発達性協調運動障害のある幼児・児童に対する運動指導に関する研究 : 国内文献レビューに基づく分析
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine the current state of physical education instruction for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) during early childhood and childhood, as reported in previous research. Additionally, the study aims to address the challenges of creating inclusive physical education classes for children with DCD. A thorough search was conducted using CiNii Research, a database of Japanese academic papers, resulting in the selection of 24 relevant studies for analysis. Employing aspects of the KJ method, we analyzed the current practices in physical education for children with DCD. Our analysis produced four key recommendations for developing inclusive classes: 1. It is crucial to develop flexible teaching plans based on assessments tailored to individual exercise programs for children with DCD. 2. Teachers should provide appropriate learning support that addresses the specific needs of each student. 3. Opportunities must be created to enhance social interaction and foster a sense of community among students. 4. It is important to ensure that learners retain a strong sense of physical competence throughout their educational journey. These findings emphasize the significance of thoughtful and inclusive strategies in physical education to support the growth and development of children with DCD
エビデンスに基づく新たな食生活評価指標を利用した食生活改善教育の試み
No full textIt is well known that good eating habits are important for growth and health. One must record the diet and analyze the nutrients to assess whether one’s eating habits are good. However, it is difficult for general people, including school students. Thus, a simple and easy method has been developed to evaluate the diets: an empirical dietary inflammatory index (DII). DII is a relatively simple diet evaluation method based on foods' anti- or pro-inflammatory effects. High DII diets enhance inflammation and increase the risk of chronic diseases, but low DII diets suppress inflammation and lower the risk. The evidence of the usefulness of DII has been accumulated, and it would be a good tool to reflect one’s eating habits. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of DII for high school students in healthy eating habits education. There are some significant associations in concentration/decision making in males and view of myself in females, respectively, between the lower DII group and the higher DII group. Many students recognized DII as a simple and easy method to evaluate their diets compared to conventional methods. These results suggest that DII is a potent method for reflection on diet habits, and learning it in high school could contribute to students’ lifelong health
卒業者が語る高校職業教育 : 工業高校卒業者の初期キャリアにみる学校－職業の接続／断絶
No full textThis study focused on vocational education in Japanese high schools, particularly technical high schools, which continue to produce a relatively large number of graduates who go on to employment, and referred to the experiences of graduates to explore the vocational relevance of technical high school education for their early career development. The results of the survey revealed that 1) graduates find it difficult to see the relevance between the content of their studies at technical high school and their jobs, 2) students feel that their experience of student guidance is more important for their early careers than their learning guidance, and 3) for female graduates, their experience of technical education has a side to it that reproduces traditional occupational gender norms. Based on the above results, we looked at the issues in research and practice in vocational education. In particular, the importance of research that considers the paradoxes surrounding the relevance of education and work was noted. The paradox is that curricula and discourses that emphasize the connection between education and work have a tendency to invite doubts about the connection
上海市における幼児園教員の確保と配置に関する硏究 : 外来常住者の子どもの幼児教育保障に注目して
No full textThis study examines the educational opportunities for the children of non-local permanent residents in Shanghai, focusing on policies related to the construction of kindergarten teaching staff . The objective of this study is to propose policy recommendations that contribute to improving the quality and accessibility of early childhood education in Shanghai. The rapid urbanization in China has led to an influx of non-local workers into cities, many of whom bring their children. These children, referred to as "children of non-local permanent residents," often face significant challenges in accessing early childhood education. Reports indicate that the enrollment rate for preschool-aged non-local children is notably lower compared to other educational stages. Ensuring the right of their children to receive preschool education has become a significant issue. Shanghai, a major destination for non-local populations, has seen a significant increase in the number of non-local children in recent years. The government supports public kindergartens and provides assistance to inclusive private kindergartens to ensure they meet the required staffing standards. This research compares the staffing situations in public and private kindergartens in Shanghai, highlighting the status and challenges. Furthermore, based on data on the qualification rates, educational backgrounds, and job positions of kindergarten teachers, the study analyzes and elucidates the differences among kindergartens within and across districts. Some districts are actively working to support early childhood education opportunities for the children of migrant residents. However, these efforts vary depending on individual kindergarten policies, regardless of the proportion of migrant residents or the type of kindergarten and are often dependent on the initiatives of each kindergarten rather than district-wide or city-wide efforts
A bifurcation diagram of solutions to semilinear elliptic equations with general supercritical growth
No full textWe study the global bifurcation diagram of the positive solutions to the problem {△u ＋ λf(u) = 0 in B, u=0 on ∂B, where B is the unit ball in RN with N >＿ 3. Under general supercritical growth conditions on f(u), we show that an unbounded bifurcation curve has no turning point, which indicates the existence of the singular extremal solution. In particular, our theory can be applied to the super-exponential cases of f(u), and we exhibit that a bifurcation curve for △u ＋λf(u) = 0 has the same qualitative property as a classical Gel'fand problem △u ＋ λeu = 0 for N >＿ 3 except N = 10. Main technical tools are intrinsic transformations for semilinear elliptic equations and ODE techniques.This work was also supported by Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, a Joint Usage/Research Center located in Kyoto University
Antibiotic susceptibility and genome analysis of Enterococcus species isolated from inpatients in one hospital with no apparent outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in Japan
No full textTo prevent nosocomial infection, it is important to screen for potential vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) among patients. In this study, we analyzed enterococcal isolates from inpatients in one hospital without any apparent outbreak of VRE. Enterococcal isolates were collected from inpatients at Hiroshima University Hospital from April 1 to June 30, 2021 using selective medium for Enterococci. Multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed. A total of 164 isolates, including Enterococcus faecium (41 isolates), Enterococcus faecalis (80 isolates), Enterococcus raffinosus (11 isolates), Enterococcus casseliflavus (nine isolates), Enterococcus avium (12 isolates), Enterococcus lactis (eight isolates), Enterococcus gallinarum (two isolates), and Enterococcus malodoratus (one isolate), were analyzed. We found one vanA-positive E. faecium, which was already informed when the patient was transferred to the hospital, nine vanC-positive E. casseliflavus, and two vanC-positive E. gallinarum. E. faecium isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (95.1%), imipenem (95.1%), and levofloxacin (87.8%), and E. faecalis isolates showed resistance to minocycline (49.4%). Ampicillin- and levofloxacin-resistant E. faecium had multiple mutations in penicillin-binding protein 5 (PBP5) (39/39 isolates) and ParC/GyrA (21/36 isolates), respectively. E. raffinosus showed resistance to ampicillin (81.8%), imipenem (45.5%), and levofloxacin (45.5%), and E. lactis showed resistance to ampicillin (37.5%) and imipenem (50.0%). The linezolid resistance genes optrA and cfr(B) were found only in one isolate of E. faecalis and E. raffinosus, respectively. This study, showing the status of enterococci infection in hospitalized patients, is one of the important information when considering nosocomial infection control of VRE
Child online safety education: A program evaluation combining a randomized controlled trial and list experiments in Vietnam
No full textWith the rapid expansion of internet accessibility, children urgently need to be educated in online safety skills. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 1399 students from 22 junior high schools in Vietnam to assess the impact of an online safety program on their online behaviors. We designed our experiment to capture both the direct and spillover effects of the training program. We combined the RCT with list experiments, an indirect questioning method, to mitigate bias in the measurement of sensitive outcomes. Our impact estimates show the positive effects of the program. Specifically, participation in the program reduced students' identity disclosure on social networking sites (SNSs) by 9.3–16.8 percentage points, increased their online account security practices by 8.9–17.9 percentage points, and decreased their interactions with strangers online by 13.6–23.4 percentage points. Notably, using outcomes measured by the list experiments, we show that the program reduced sensitive and risky online behaviors by 34.7–47.0 percentage points, a result that would not have been revealed with conventional direct questioning. We also observed evidence of spillover effects on nonparticipants in the same schools. Our findings support the implementation of educational programs to enhance children's online safety.This study received support from ChildFund Australia in Vietnam, the Japanese Grant Aid for Human Resource Development Scholarship (JDS), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) under Grant no. 22K01478