38268 research outputs found
Sort by
Critical Content-Based Instruction in English Language Education: The civil rights movement in the U.S.A.
No full textIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in critical content-based instruction (CCBI) in language education, which aims to develop students’ critical perspectives required to question existing frameworks and power relationships in society and actively participate in social transformation. Although CCBI has been discussed in several studies of Japanese language education, it remains unclear whether CCBI can be applied to English language education in Japan. In this article, we first define CCBI and reconceptualize English language education as a potential site for CCBI. Additionally, we critically analyze a course unit on the civil rights movement in an authorized English textbook and problematize its discourse. Lastly, we propose two plans for CCBI-oriented lessons and discuss how to implement CCBI in the classroom. This article constitutes an important step toward connecting CCBI with English language education in Japan
大学生における五基本味およびそれら溶液に対する共感覚的イメージの比較
No full textIn our daily lives, we utilize the five senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste), either independently or in combination, to perceive various stimuli. Particularly in the context of food, these senses are engaged to experience taste, which is often described using synesthetic expressions, such as a "smooth taste". The decline in individuals' ability to discern umami, in particular, has been noted as a consequence of changes in dietary habits. It is also possible that there exists a discrepancy between the perceived image of a taste and the actual sensory experience of it. This study compared the differences in synesthetic expressions of the five basic tastes among university students, based on their verbal descriptions of the tastes and their mental images after tasting solutions representing each of the five basic tastes. Among the 167 university students surveyed, there were many commonalities in their synesthetic descriptions of the five basic tastes, as well as in their associations with colors for each taste. In a discriminative sensory evaluation panel of 32 students, sweet and sour tastes were identified more frequently, likely because the synesthetic descriptions aligned closely with the mental images formed after intake. In contrast, salty and umami tastes were identified less frequently. It was suggested that the discrepancy between the concept of umami as a word and its actual taste experience may contribute to the difficulty in recognizing umami, though adjustments in the concentration of the taste solution may also be necessary
中学校「技術・家庭」技術分野と家庭分野における技術観及び技術教育観に関する研究 : 技術分野及び家庭分野担当教員への調査より
No full textIn this study, to examine the future of technology education and the positioning of “technology” as a field of technology and home economics, we attempted to clarify the differences and relevance of the way technology and technology education are viewed in the two fields through a questionnaire survey of teachers in charge of technology and home economics. The differences between the two fields of technology and home economics were that the teachers in the technology field viewed teaching technology as an objective, while the teachers in the home economics viewed it to improve their students' lives. The common point was that both fields of study recognized that the handling of“ technology” in daily life is similar. In the future of technology and home economics, it is necessary for each field to approach technology education from a different perspective, and to approach technology education in cooperation with other subjects and school types. In addition, there is a possibility that “technology” and“ technology education” may be viewed from a limited perspective. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary to examine the positioning of“ technology” as well as the way it should be as a subject of“ technology and home economics” in the future
保育者の実践知を探る質的データ分析法としてのSCAT
No full textThe purpose of this study is to examine how the Steps for Coding and Theorization (SCAT), a qualitative data analysis method that uses generative coding, contributes to exploring the practical knowledge of early childhood teachers. The study results revealed the following three points. First, the codes generated by SCAT can accurately express the items that early childhood teachers in charge of temporary childcare are mindful of on a daily basis. Second, SCAT can uncover the deeper meaning that lies within the narratives of early childhood teachers in Japan and the United States, such as things they wanted to say but could not express well. Third, SCAT can benefit from careful close readings, appropriate interpretations, and detailed interpretations.本稿は，2023年12月10日に開催された日本乳幼児教育学会第33回大会自主シンポジウムでの話題提供がもとになっている
触覚に着目した図画工作科授業における児童の様相 : 児童が自分の見方や感じ方を広げる授業の開発に向けて
No full textThis study is based on the hypothesis that, when children encounter visual art, experiencing and perceiving it with senses other than their everyday familiar visual senses may expand their understanding of the surrounding world. To expand children’s awareness of the world around them, the researcher conducted arts and crafts classes for the lower grades of elementary school. The artworks were placed inside a black box and children were asked to identify them through touching sensation by the palm, and the image thus acquired was expressed using words and drawings. In this paper, to ascertain how children manifested in actual classes, the researcher interpreted and analyzed video recordings of speech and acts by them from various aspects, including the senses, imagination, and body language, with reference to the “seven aspects of personality” according to Brian Way. Interpreting the aspects of children’s awareness made it possible to confirm various types of awareness in appreciation and expression processes, including the aspect of independent exploration and imagination utilizing intelligence and sensory perception.本稿は，島谷あゆみの博士論文研究計画書に基づくものであり，2023年「第25回日本感性工学会大会（東京）」で口頭発表した授業実践データを一部用いている
Policy preferences for medical access in Japan’s remote aging municipalities: Insights from a randomized conjoint experiment
No full textImproved means of transportation play a vital role in accessing medical services, particularly in remote and ageing municipalities. In this study, we identify crucial attributes for improving access to medical services in the Shinhidaka and Urakawa municipalities in Japan. Using a randomised conjoint field experiment, we identify individuals’ preferences regarding the time and means of transportation to hospitals that can provide high-level medical services, along with additional tax payments to support these services. We find, inter alia, that respondents have the highest preference for reducing emergency ambulance transportation time to high-function hospitals. We also estimate the minimum average willingness to pay for these services; respondents are willing to pay at least JPY 60,000 (approximately USD 500) additional tax per year to the municipal government if the emergency transportation time to high-function hospitals is reduced. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into addressing the challenges of improving access to medical services in remote areas with an ageing population
MicroRNA-26a deficiency attenuates the severity of frozen shoulder in a mouse immobilization model
No full textThe main pathogenesis of the frozen shoulder is thought to be the inflammation of the intra-articular synovium and subsequent fibrosis of the shoulder joint capsule. However, the molecular pathogenesis of the frozen shoulder is still unknown. A class of noncoding RNAs, microRNAs contribute to various diseases including musculoskeletal diseases. MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a) has been reported to be associated with fibrosis in several organs. This study aims to reveal the role of miR-26a on fibrosis in the shoulder capsule using a frozen shoulder model in miR-26a deficient (miR-26a KO) mice. MiR-26a KO and wild-type (WT) mice were investigated using a frozen shoulder model. The range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder, histopathological changes such as synovitis, and fibrosis-related gene expression in the model mice were evaluated to determine the role of miR-26a. In WT mice, both inflammatory cell infiltration and thickening of the inferior shoulder joint capsule were observed after 1 week of immobilization, and this thickening further progressed over the subsequent 6 weeks. However, the immobilized shoulder in miR-26a KO mice consistently exhibited significantly better ROM compared with WT mice at 1 and 6 weeks, and histological changes were significantly less severe. The expression of inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes was decreased in the miR-26a KO mice compared with WT mice at 1 and 6 weeks. Together, miR-26a deficiency attenuated the severity of frozen shoulder in the immobilization model mouse. The present study suggests that miR-26a has the potential to be a target miRNA for therapeutic approach to frozen shoulder
Effect of Abdominal Aortic Calcification on Recurrence Following Initial Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastases
No full textBackground/Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and patient prognosis following resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). AAC potentially reflects intrahepatic immunity and is involved in tumor development and progression. However, the clinical effects of AAC on colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis after curative-intent liver resection for CRLM remain unclear. Patients and Methods: We evaluated the effect of AAC on the clinical prognosis and metastatic patterns in 99 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM between 2010 and 2019. Results: The high-AAC group had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and remnant liver recurrence rate (RR) after propensity score matching to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics of patients and tumors. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, high AAC volume was an independent risk factor for poor OS and liver RR, but not poor lung RR. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, known as an anti-tumor marker, in liver natural killer (NK) cells was lower in the high-AAC group than in the low-AAC group. Conclusion: High AAC volume showed a strong relationship with remnant liver RR after curative resection of CRLM. High AAC volume may be responsible for the suppression of anti-tumor activity of liver NK cells, which results in an increased risk of liver recurrence and poor prognosis
Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles/Microparticles (Mg/Al = 2) as Adsorbents for Temperature Swing Adsorption: Effect of Particle Size on CO2 Gas Evolution Behavior
No full textMg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH, Mg/Al ≈ 2) nanoparticles/microparticles with systematically controlled sizes were prepared using a hydrothermal method, and their performance as CO2 adsorbents for temperature swing adsorption (TSA) cycling was investigated. During continuous heating, gas evolution occurred in three distinct steps for all samples. During the second step of the multistep structural transformations (i.e., partial dehydroxylation of the layers followed by the coordination of carbonate ions to the metal ions), relatively large amounts of CO2 were evolved without the collapse of the layered crystal structure, whereas most of the interlayer CO32– ions were retained in the interlayer spaces. The amount of CO2 evolution increased as the particle size decreased. Subsequently, the amount of CO2 desorption was measured over repeated TSA cycles in the temperature range 463–603 K. All samples exhibited considerable CO2 desorption capacities, wherein water vapor enhanced the performance. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the adsorption–desorption cycles were almost reversible. A slight change in the interlayer distance detected by in situ X-ray diffraction suggested that the insertion and removal of some carbonate species partly occurred in the interlayer spaces of the LDHs. The present study indicates the potential of LDH nanoparticles/microparticles for TSA adsorbents.This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grants JP18H01709, JP23H00236, JP22H05143, and JP23KJ1624), JST ACT-C (Grant JPMJCR12Y2), JST the establishment of university fellowships towards the creation of science technology innovation (Grant JPMJFS2129), and the JST-Mirai Program (Grant JPMJMI22E3)
量子論におけるブラ・ケット表記
Get PDF多くの量子力学のテキストに,波動関数の積の積分 ∫Ψm*Ψmdτ (1) がブラ・ケット表記 (2) によりシンプルに表すことができると書かれている。その際,ブラ はそれぞれ次のように =Ψm (4) 波動関数と対応しており,互いに複素共役な波動関数を表していると説明される(ことが多い)。しかし,この解説に対して下記のような疑問(や要望)は生じないだろうか。 Q1. ブラとケットが互いに複素共役な波動関数を表すとして,その積である式(2)がなぜ積分という意味をもつのだろうか?ブラとケットが組み合わさるときだけ積分の意味をもつというルール3を設けるのだろうか? Q2. 波動関数群が正規直交系4をなすとき,波動関数自身の内積が1,異なる波動関数間の内積が0であることを, ∫Ψm*Ψmdτ==1 (5) ∫Ψm*Ψndτ==0 (6) と表す。式(5)や式(6)の左辺の積分は数学(代数学)の内積の定義を満たすから,波動関数もベクトルであるといえるが,波動関数がベクトル的に扱えることや“直交"することをもう少し(数ベクトルや幾何ベクトルのように)直感的に理解することはできないだろうか?本書は,上記2点に関連してブラ・ケット表記の意味を理解し,その有効性と威力を活用するために書かれたmonographである第8版第3