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Problems with Audio Recordings for Elementary School English Textbooks in Japan
No full textThis study discusses issues with audio recordings attached to English textbooks for Japanese elementary school students. Out of seven sets of textbooks, approved by the MEXT (the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology), the one published by the Tokyo Shoseki Publishing Company, New Horizon Elementary English Course 5 and 6, was selected because these textbooks are the most extensively used in Japan and their impact on English teaching in Japan is considered high. Four CDs accompany the textbook for 5th graders, and three accompany the textbook for 6th graders. In the study, an L1 English speaker identified unnatural-sounding utterances, which were then acoustically analysed to understand why they sound unnatural.
Three problems with the recordings were found. Firstly, the speech rate is excessively slow, leading to unnatural pauses. Secondly, errors in tonicity are identified. Thirdly, the reading style is overly animated and dramatised, which is inappropriate for 5th and 6th graders.
The present study emphasises the critical role of audio materials for English learners, especially beginners. Recommendations include careful preparation by textbook writers and narrators, attentive monitoring during recording, and increased involvement of MEXT textbook inspectors to ensure recording quality. In conclusion, the authors suggest that the process of materials production and review be tightened and that comparative analyses with other countries be taken to improve the appropriateness of model recordings.本研究では日本の小学校英語教科書に付属されている音声教材に関する諸問題を考える。7種類の文部科学省検定済教科書のうち，日本で最も多く使用され，日本の英語教育への影響が大きいと考えられる点から，東京書籍が出版する『New Horizon Elementary English Course 5・6 』を使用した。付属のCD は，5年生用の教科書には4枚，6年生用には3枚用意されている。本研究では，まず，英語母語話者に不自然に聞こえる発話を特定してもらい，次に，その発話がなぜ不自然に聞こえるのかを音響的に分析した。
結果として3つの問題点が見つかった。第1に，発話速度が非常に遅く，不自然なポーズが生じている点である。第2に，音調核の位置に誤りがある点である。第3に，過度にドラマチックな読み方は，小学5・6年生には不適当である点である。
英語学習者，特に初級者に対し，音声教材は重要な役割を果たしている。現状の改善には，教科書執筆者とナレーターが入念に準備を行うこと，録音時には注意深くモニタリングすること，録音の品質管理のために文部科学省教科書調査官の関与を強化することが考えられる。制度全体の見直しが必要であり，モデルの妥当性の向上を目的とした諸外国との比較分析も重要である
相互評価コメントを取り入れた国語科授業の開発 : 「有効なコメント」を引き出すための小・中学校での取り組み
No full textIn Japanese language classes at elementary and junior high schools, we practiced a method for students to evaluate each other using "valid comments" in the course of writing. By having students think about "effective comments" on their own, they were able to realize high quality peer evaluation
スピーキング不安の変容タイプと変容を引き起こす要因の研究
No full textThis research is an attempt to describe how high school students’ anxiety changes over time through the English instruction including the procedural repetition of speaking tasks. Conducting 12 sessions of 15-minute speaking module over 2 months, we analyzed the change of learners' anxiety preceding each task, qualitative changes in speaking performance tests, and learners' unwillingness to speak English. Results from data analysis indicate that the repetition of similar tasks effectively reduces learners' anxiety towards the assigned tasks, while the results of cluster analysis suggest the presence of learners in the classroom whose anxiety level remains high despite their improvement in speaking performance
戦後中小綿紡績企業の事業転換と多角化への挑戦 : 紡績からラジコン模型へ
No full textリーディング・インダストリーとして日本の近代化・工業化をけん引してきた綿紡績業は，第二次世界大戦期に大打撃を蒙ることになったが，敗戦後の経済復興の担い手となり，朝鮮戦争を機に輝きを取り戻していった．しかし，高度経済成長期に入ると，綿紡績業は，好況を享受し飛躍的な成長を遂げつつあった多くの製造業と対照的に，その地位を大幅に後退させており，また，そのなかで，とりわけ大手紡績企業に典型的にみられるように，成長分野であった新しい素材の合成繊維の生産に乗り出したり，繊維以外の事業への多角化を模索したりするようになっていった．その多角化は企業の成長戦略として重要であったが，失敗が多く，必ずしも成功するとは限らなかった．本稿で事例として着目する，綿紡績業から出発したヒロボーは，備後地域の中小企業にすぎなかったが，先行きの暗い綿紡績業界において合成繊維に率先して取り組むにとどまらず，新天地を目指してレジャーやホビーなどの新事業にも果敢に挑戦していた．すべての多角化事業が成功を収めたわけではなかったが，大手紡績企業では手掛けることのなかった事業にも乗り出し，独自性を発揮したことは特筆すべきである．世界のHIROBOとしてラジコン模型業界で飛躍したことは異色の存在である．ヒロボーの歩みは，地方中小綿紡績企業の多角化や事業転換で成功した事例と評価できるものであった．本稿では，ヒロボー社の誕生とその多角化の模索・成長を振り返ることにする
The Way Forward for ASEAN Students’ Exchange Program Participation With South Korean Universities After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on the needs of non-participating students
No full textThe purpose of this research was to investigate the possibilities and opportunities for ASEAN and Korea student exchange programs in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, by focusing on the needs of non-participating ASEAN students. To do so, this study conducted an online survey to analyze ASEAN students’ understanding, views, expectations, and reasons for not participating in student exchange programs to Korea, while investigating their considerations and preferences for future participation. The findings revealed significant differences between ASEAN students in terms of nationality (especially Vietnamese students), academic field, and gender. They also highlighted the rising role and importance of hybrid and online modes of student mobility, that grew in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, there is a need for universities, government policy makers and educational scholars to reflect the emerging new needs of students concerning ASEAN-Korea exchange programs in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019S1A2A2032642)
西晋一郎の道徳哲学における基本原理に関する考察(2) : 意識即実在をめぐって
No full textIt is commonly stated that Shinichirō Nishi's philosophy (1873-1943) is rooted in realism. However, in his work Rinri Tetsugaku Kōwa (1915), realism is not explicitly formulated as a philosophical theory; instead, it is directly presented as moralism. In other words, in this book, Shinichirō Nishi considers reality and morality to be synonymous, emphasizing that the realization of concrete morality reflects universal reality. Nevertheless, the explanation for why reality and morality are perceived as identical remains somewhat inadequate. Further insights into this top can be found in Shinichirō Nishi’s other work, Rinrigaku no Konpon Mondai (1923). Here, Shinichirō Nishi reintroduces the concept of consciousness and thoroughly explores the relationship between consciousness, reality, and morality. Therefore, this paper draws from the texts of Rinrigaku no Konpon Mondai to analyze the theoretical relationship between consciousness, reality, and morality in the moral philosophy constructed by Shinichirō Nishi and explores the fundamental principles of Shinichirō Nishi's moral philosophy focusing on the theory of “Consciousness is Reality”
教員養成課程の大学生の児童の誤答の予想に関する一考察
No full textThe purpose of this research is to investigate how university students in the faculty of education perceive mistakes made by elementary school students. In the research method, a researcher gave the following tests to university students in the faculty of education. 1) Predict elementary school students' mistakes. 2) Thinking about how to teach elementary school students when they make mistakes. The results revealed two things: 1) By learning examples of children's incorrect answers, university students were able to concretely predict children's incorrect answers.; 2) University students thought of teaching methods that matched the way children thought
フィリピンでの児童虐待防止ペアレントトレーニングの効果 : 支援実施者と対象児童への効果を中心に
No full textAlthough various programs have been implemented in the Philippines to support street children, it is believed that not enough has been done to develop human resources to support street children and their parents.Therefore, this study developed and implemented a training program focused on developing resilience, attachment, and parenting skills of parents of street children. The program consisted of a total of 12 90-minute sessions, held every 2 weeks for 6 months. Evaluation was conducted by means of a questionnaire administered to participants at each session and a post-program interview. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the local staff who ran the training program. The results showed that the program improved the support skills of the parents and had a positive impact on the children. Changes were also observed in the support staff in four areas: improved self-awareness, assessment skills, motivational attitudes, and analytical skills. In the discussion, factors that made these changes possible are discussed.本論文は令和5年度に広島大学大学院人間社会科学研究科に提出された修士論文の一部を抜粋し，加筆，修正したものである