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アシンメトリ量⼦若⼿秋の学校 : 改訂版
No full text放射光を利用したX線電子分光の基礎と元素選択的電子状態研究 藤原秀紀…1
共鳴X線散乱の基礎から、X線イメージング等の最先端の研究例 石井祐太…33
最新の研究から学ぶ中性子磁気散乱とスピン波 飯⽥⼀樹…73
超音波による多極子秩序に伴う臨界減速の観測‒ランダウの相転移の現象論と構造相転移に伴う臨界減速，および電気十六極子-格子回転相互作用 栗原綾佑…109
熱力学量測定による量子臨界現象の検証‒磁性体中のボース・アインシュタイン凝縮を例に 河野洋平…177
多極子を用いた異方性の記述に基づく現象論 石飛尊之…207
遍歴強相関電子系における多極子秩序の理論 角田峻太郎…249
5d遷移金属の多極子秩序とフラックス法による結晶育成 平井大悟郎…28
Performance evaluation of the high-voltage CMOS active pixel sensor AstroPix for gamma-ray space telescopes
No full textAstroPix is a novel monolithic high-voltage CMOS active pixel sensor proposed for next generation mediumenergy gamma-ray observatories like the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer (AMEGOX). For AMEGO-X AstroPix must maintain a power consumption of less than 1.5 mW / cm2 while having a pixel pitch of up to 500 μm. We developed the second and third versions of AstroPix, namely AstroPix2 and AstroPix3. AstroPix2 and AstroPix3 exhibit power consumptions of 3.4 mW ∕ cm2 and 4.1 mW ∕ cm2, respectively. While AstroPix2 has a pixel pitch of 250 μm, AstroPix3 achieves the desired size for AMEGO-X with a pixel pitch of 500 μm. Performance evaluation of a single pixel in an AstroPix2 chip revealed a dynamic range from 13.9 keV to 59.5 keV, with the energy resolution meeting the AMEGO-X target value (< 10% (FWHM) at 60 keV). We performed energy calibration on most of the pixels in an AstroPix3 chip, yielding a mean energy resolution of 6.2 keV (FWHM) at 59.5 keV, with 44.4% of the pixels satisfying the target value. The dynamic range of AstroPix3 was assessed to span from 22.2 keV to 122.1 keV. The expansion of the depletion layer aligns with expectations in both AstroPix2 and AstroPix3. Furthermore, radiation tolerance testing was conducted on AstroPix. An AstroPix2 chip was subjected to an equivalent exposure of approximately 10 Gy from a high-intensity 60Co source. The chip was fully operational after irradiation although a decrease in gain by approximately 4% was observed.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from NASA, USA (18-APRA18-0084)
Effects of tributyrin supplementation in calf starter on growth, blood parameters and development of rumen and small intestine in Holstein calves fed milk replacers with different fatty acid profile
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation in calf starter on development of the rumen and small intestine for calves fed two milk replacers differing in fatty acid composition. Fifty-four Holstein calves (38 heifers and 16 bull calves) were assigned to one of the four treatments: (1) milk replacer containing 31 g/kg C8:0 and 29 g/kg C10:0 in total fatty acids (MR-) and calf starter without TB (ST-) (MR-ST-; n = 14), (2) MR- and calf starter with a TB supplement (600 g/kg TB and 400 g/kg silicon dioxide) at 6 g/kg of DM (ST+) (MR-ST+; n = 13), (3) milk replacer containing 26 g/kg C4:0, 57 g/kg C8:0, and 56 g/kg C10:0 in total fatty acids (MR+) and ST- (MR+ST-; n = 13), and (4) MR+ and ST+ (MR+ST+; n = 14). Milk replacers were offered at 600 g/d (powder basis) from 8 to 14 d, increased up to 1300 g/d from 15 to 21 d, 1400 g/d from 22 to 49 d, decreased down to 700 g/d from 50 to 56 d, and 600 g/d from 57 to 63 d, and then weaned at 64 d of age. Data and samples were collected until 91 d of age. All the calves were fed one of the calf starters and chopped hay ad libitum from 8 d of age. Bull calves were euthanized at weaning to determine weights of digestive organs and evaluate ruminal and small intestinal morphology. Calf starter and milk replacer treatments did not affect dry matter intake, growth performance, digestive organs weights (kg/100 kg of body weight), and rumen papillae length. However, calves fed ST+ had greater ratio of villus height to crypt depth (2.20 vs. 1.84; P < 0.01) in the ileum compared to those fed ST-. In addition, calves fed MR+ had less crypt depth (240 vs. 298 µm; P = 0.02) and greater ratio of villus height to crypt depth (2.22 vs. 1.91; P < 0.01) in the ileum compared to those fed MR-. A tendency for interaction between milk replacer and calf starter treatments was observed for the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum, in which TB in calf starter increased the ratio only for calves fed MR-. Milk replacer treatment did not affect plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) concentration. However, calves fed ST+ had greater plasma GLP-2 concentration compared to those fed ST- after weaning (1.16 vs. 0.80 ng/mL; P < 0.02). These results suggest that TB supplementation for dairy calves may affect small intestinal morphology at weaning, and increase plasma GLP-2 concentration after weaning
Abemaciclib-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 independent of cell cycle arrest pathway
No full textAbemaciclib (ABM), a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, shows pharmacological effects in cell cycle arrest. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is an important cellular event associated with pathophysiological states such as organ fibrosis and cancer progression. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of factors associated with cell cycle arrest to ABM-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Treatment with 0.6 µM ABM induced both cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related phenotypic changes. Interestingly, the knockdown of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, pharmacological targets of ABM or cyclin D1, which forms complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1-phase and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, indicating that downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6-cyclin D1 complexes would mimic ABM. In contrast, knockdown of the Rb protein, which is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, had no effect on the expression level of α-smooth muscle actin, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker. Furthermore, ABM-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition was not affected by Rb knockdown, suggesting that Rb is not involved in the transition process. Our study is the first to suggest that cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6-cyclin D1 complexes, as pharmacological targets of ABM, may contribute to ABM-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, followed by clinical disorders such as organ fibrosis and cancer progression. This study suggests that blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition might be a promising way to prevent negative side effects caused by a medication (ABM) without affecting its ability to treat the disease
Role of sclerostin deletion in bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw
No full textPurpose
Bone resorption inhibitors, such as bisphosphonates (BP) and denosumab, are frequently used for the management of osteoporosis. Although both drugs reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures, they are associated with a serious side effect known as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Sclerostin antibodies (romosozumab) increase bone formation and decrease the risk of osteoporotic fractures: however, their anti-resorptive effect increases ONJ. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the role of sclerostin deletion in the development of MRONJ.
Methods
Sclerostin knockout (SostΔ26/Δ26) mice were used to confirm the development of ONJ by performing tooth extractions. To confirm the role of sclerostin deficiency in a more ONJ-prone situation, we used the BP-induced ONJ model in combination with severe periodontitis to evaluate the development of ONJ and bone formation in wild-type (WT) and SostΔ26/Δ26 mice. Wound healing assay using gingival fibroblasts with or without sclerostin stimulation and tooth extraction socket healing were evaluated in the WT and SostΔ26/Δ26 mice.
Results
ONJ was not detected in the extraction socket of SostΔ26/Δ26 mice. Moreover, the incidence of ONJ was significantly lower in the SostΔ26/Δ26 mice treated with BP compared to that of the WT mice. Osteogenic proteins, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2, were expressed in the bone surface in SostΔ26/Δ26 mice. Recombinant sclerostin inhibited gingival fibroblast migration. The wound healing rate of the extraction socket was faster in SostΔ26/Δ26 mice than in WT mice.
Conclusion
Sclerostin deficiency did not cause ONJ and reduced the risk of developing BP-induced ONJ. Enhanced bone formation and wound healing were observed in the tooth extraction socket. The use of romosozumab (anti-sclerostin antibody) has proven to be safe for surgical procedures of the jaw
Clinical manifestations and outcomes associated with a high 2HELPS2B score in patients with acute impaired consciousness
No full textPurpose
The 2HELPS2B score is an invaluable tool for assessing seizure risk in critically ill patients with unconsciousness. However, this can be challenging for non-epileptologists to use owing to its reliance on electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis. Thus, identifying clinical manifestations associated with high 2HELPS2B scores is crucial.
Methods
We examined patients who underwent EEG for acute impaired consciousness in the emergency department between 2020 and 2022. We evaluated the clinical manifestations immediately prior to the EEG tests and identified those associated with a 2HELPS2B score ≥ 2. Additionally, we investigated clinical outcomes in accordance with these manifestations and the 2HELPS2B score.
Results
A total of 78 patients were included in this study. While the median 2HELPS2B score was 1 (range: 0–6), 13 patients (16.6%) showed electrographic/electroclinical seizures or status epilepticus and 16 patients (20.5%) showed ictal-interictal continuum in their EEGs. Abnormal muscle tonus (p = 0.034) and eye deviation (p = 0.021) were Significantly associated with a 2HELPS2B score ≥ 2. The presence of these manifestations (p < 0.001) and a 2HELPS2B score ≥ 2 (p < 0.001) were both significantly associated with a favorable response to anti-seizure medication. Conversely, patients with a 2HELPS2B score ≥ 2 who exhibited these clinical manifestations were more likely to be non-dischargeable (p = 0.053), have prolonged intensive care unit stays (p = 0.002), or require extended ventilator use (p = 0.082).
Conclusion
Abnormal muscle tonus and eye deviation were significant manifestations compatible with a 2HELPS2B score ≥ 2 and may indicate an increased risk of seizures or the severity of the epileptic condition
河床堆積物の礫径変化と学生の持つ誤概念について : 瀬野川を対象として
No full textA field survey of changes in grain size of dry riverbed gravels was conducted with university students in the Seno River. The field survey results showed that gravels diameter tended to be smaller and rounder to downstream, and most students concluded that this reason was due to ‘crushing and abrasion’, based on what they had learnt in primary school, where large gravels were crushed and made smaller and rounder as they rolled and moved downstream. In order for gravels to undergo ‘crushing and abrasion’, they must first be transported across the riverbed. This requires ‘selective transport’, in which smaller particles are selectively transpoted. In order to understand how river work and to grasp the situation, it is important to consider many aspects of the river through observation
中国における「家校合作」への教員の評価
No full textThe purpose of this study is to clarify teachers' evaluation of “Family-School Collabration” while taking into account the actual situation of collaboration between teachers and parents. This study was conducted in Jilin Province from June 21, 2022 to August 11, 2022, targeting enrolled teachers at various school levels. The results are as follows: 1) While teachers' communication with parents in China appears to focus on academic performance, it also appears to cover not a few areas such as students' health, understanding students’leaning and living conditions and students’ moral aspects. 2) The contants of communication and communication methods varied by gender, length of service,and their school. 3) While more than 90％ of the teachers have a positive attitude toward the necessity of “Family-School Collabration”, many teachers have a negative attitude toward the effectiveness of “Family-School Collabration”. Moreover,it is recognized by the teachers that“ Family-School Collabration” is mainly promoted to achieve higher academic performance