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Re-examining the Analysis of the Compiling Trends of Local Government History and Geography Published in Shizuoka Prefecture Using "Chosen Tsushin-shi (Korean Envoy to Japan)" as a Keyword
No full textThe 2018 revision of curriculum guidelines for Japanese history education in high school has made increasingly clear that the teaching policy should emphasize modern and contemporary history and global perspectives, while allowing students to understand the characteristics of the nation and the period through their own research of materials remaining in the region. As a symbolic subject of such revision,“ Advanced Japanese History” was newly established in 2022 in high school. When practicing this type of education, one of the most important sources of literature is the local government history and geography called “Jichitai-shi". However, when using this source, it is important to note in what year, under what editorial trends, and by whom the desired municipal volume was published. This is because the desired material may not always reflect the latest research results due to its correlation with research trends in the academic community. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study that visually presents the compilation trends of local government history and geography to the general reader in an easy-to-understand manner. So, since 2018, the author has been working on a chart document that sets one prominent term in the general history as a keyword and then explains how the keyword was mentioned in each province. This paper examines the academic validity of the author's approach. In 2005, Kinya Kitamura analyzed materials published in Shizuoka prefecture up to 2003, using Shizuoka prefecture as the target region and setting the keyword of Korean envoys to Japan during the Edo period. The results are organized in a list. In response, the author would like to verify the effectiveness of the improvement of the method of explaining the trends of the compilation project, which has been repeated based on the results of research efforts
Corporate governance, institutional ownership, and stock liquidity of SMEs: evidence from China
No full textThis study explores the relationship between corporate governance and stock liquidity of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Our findings reveal a nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship between the overall quality of corporate governance and stock liquidity, implying that, unlike large-sized listed firms, SMEs cannot monotonically increase liquidity through improved corporate governance. After examining the sub-indicators individually, we find that the percentage of institutional shareholdings is the main driver of this U-shaped relationship. The nonlinear relationship between institutional shareholdings and stock liquidity suggests that continuously enhancing corporate governance may reduce stock liquidity, posing challenges for SMEs in securing financing.This research is supported by the scholarship from China Scholarship Council (CSC) under Grant 202109210019
C9orf72 repeat expansions in Wakayama: One potential cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Kii Peninsula, Japan
No full textA cluster of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exists in the southern part of the Kii Peninsula in Japan. Although both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be causative, the critical cause of this cluster has not been identified. C9orf72 is the most common genetic factor in both familial and sporadic C9orf72-related ALS in people of European ancestry, but it is rare among Japanese populations. However, a previous report revealed that the frequency of C9orf72-related ALS was significantly higher in the cluster area. We evaluated the proportion of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in 99 cases of ALS diagnosed in Wakayama Prefecture, including the cluster area, by using repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence fragment length analysis. We found that 2 of the 99 patients (0 % of those with familial ALS and 2.4 % of those with sporadic ALS) had hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72, and long-read sequencing revealed that these expansions were causative. No expansions were observed among 90 patients with Parkinson's disease or among 90 healthy controls. Haplotype analysis with long-read sequencing data revealed that the two patients with repeat expansions shared the common haplotype with that previously reported in Finnish patients with C9orf72-related ALS, which suggests a founder effect. C9orf72 was thought to be a rare causative gene in Japan, but this study revealed that it may be relatively common in Wakayama Prefecture.This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid (KAKENHI, grant numbers 18H02743, 21H04818, and 23 K14758) and by the Yukihiko Miyata Memorial Trust for ALS Research
Ectodermal origin and tissue dedifferentiation in the podocyst production by the polyps of the Asian moon jelly (Aurelia coerulea)
No full textThe histological origin of podocysts in scyphozoans has long been undetermined, with uncertainty whether they arise from mesenchymal amoebocytes or stalk and pedal disc ectoderm in polyps. Histological investigation on the pedal disc was difficult due to the settlement of polyps on hard substrates. In this study, we investigated the histological characteristics of polyps during podocyst production in Asian moon jelly (Aurelia coerulea) with utilizing those attached on thin polystyrene substrates. Fine histological features of the pedal disc became possible after the substrates were decomposed during histological processing. Our findings unequivocally demonstrate that the cell mass of podocysts originates from the ectoderm of the pedal disc and the stalk without the involvement of amoebocytes in the mesoglea. Preceding the podocyst formation, the pedal disc undergoes enlargement facilitated by the elongated stalk ectodermal cells, which attach to a substrate. Subsequently, the pedal disc ectoderm give rise to the primary podocyst cells with accumulating nutrient granules in the cytoplasm and forming the cyst capsule cooperatively with the invaginated pedal disc ectoderm. Direct transformation from the ectodermal cells to podocyst cells suggests that podocyst formation involves tissue dedifferentiation. Throughout the period of podocyst production, the gastrodermis of polyps is physically separated from the ectoderm by the mesoglea and shows no histological changes, and no amoebocytes appear in the mesoglea. These histological properties are totally different from those in other modes of asexual reproduction, which incorporate the endoderm of polyps, suggesting the developmental and evolutionary differences between these asexual reproductions and podocyst production in Scyphozoa.This work was financially supported by the research grant from the Fisheries Agency of Japan
Analysis of the impact of economic conditions on passenger aircraft orders and deliveries using the Fourier transform
No full textThe growth of air passenger and cargo volumes is the result of innovations in aviation technology but is also significantly affected by the global economy. Various studies have been conducted to forecast the air transportation demand. In particular, for the management of passenger aircraft manufacturers and airlines, it is necessary to understand the trends in the number of orders and deliveries of passenger aircrafts. In this study, the Fourier transform was used to analyze the correlation between economic conditions and the number of orders and deliveries of passenger aircrafts. The results indicate that the fluctuations in the amplitudes of the numbers of orders and deliveries have been increasing. Furthermore, local peaks in the number of orders and deliveries tended to occur several years later than peaks in economic growth. However, the delay has shortened in recent years, the trend is assumed to synchronize with the growth of the global economy. At the same time, the introduction of next-generation passenger aircrafts does not necessarily result in immediate increases in orders and deliveries. Therefore, the impact of technological innovation is likely to be relatively small compared with that of economic conditions
Long-term software fault prediction with wavelet shrinkage estimation
No full textWavelet shrinkage estimation received considerable attentions to estimate stochastic processes such as a non-homogeneous Poisson process in a non-parametric way, and was applied to software reliability estimation/prediction. However, it lacks the prediction ability for unknown future patterns in long term and penalizes assessing the software reliability in practice. In this paper, we focus on the long-term prediction of the number of software faults detected in the testing phase and propose many novel long-term prediction methods based on the wavelet shrinkage estimation. The fundamental idea is to adopt both the denoised fault-count data and prediction values, and to minimize several kinds of loss functions to make effective predictions. We also develop an automated wavelet-based software reliability assessment tool, W-SRAT2, which is a drastic extension of the existing tool, W-SRAT, by adding those prediction algorithms. In numerical experiments with 6 actual software development project data, we investigate the predictive performance of our long-term prediction approaches, which consist of 2,640 combinations, and compare them with the common software reliability growth models with the maximum likelihood estimation. It is shown that our wavelet shrinkage estimation/prediction methods outperform the existing software reliability growth models.This work was supported by JST , the establishment of university fellowships towards the creation of science technology innovation, Grant Number JPMJFS2129
