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事例の科学としてのヴァン＝マーネンの解釈学的現象学的方法論の展開 : 「現象学を遂行すること」の検討を中心として
No full textThe purpose of this study is to clarify that van Manen's (Max van Manen, 1942- ) hermeneutic phenomenological methodology has been developed as a “science of examples” through “doing phenomenology.” By reviewing his research development, it is possible to understand his phenomenological work and the perspective of "science" that van Manen attempts to provide us with the basis of phenomenological educational research methodology. And then, it is also possible to understand how the implications for a phenomenological educational approach to the work in education
公立A幼稚園において外国籍の３人の子どもはどのように園生活に馴染んでいるのか : うえの式質的分析法によるフィールドノーツの分析をもとに
No full textThe aim of this study was to observe three children of different nationalities to determine how they fit into preschool life in Japan, and to examine what is associated with the adaptation of young children with foreign links to a Japanese preschool. Fieldwork was conducted in one class in public kindergarten A, where there are relatively few cases of enrollment by foreign-linked children. The fieldnotes were then analyzed using Ueno's qualitative analysis. The results revealed the ways in which foreign-linked children become adapted to life at kindergarten A. They were not uniform, but rather varied from child to child. However, while all three children did adapt, there were also situations in which they did not seem to be fully adjusted to life at the school. For example, A-kun often showed signs of being concerned about his surroundings, while B-kun sometimes had problems with his friends, due to his unfamiliarity with Japanese customs. The background to their adapting to kindergarten life is thought to be related to three factors: the atmosphere of the school itself, the relationships with their caregivers and other children, and the play environment. In addition, by using Ueno’s methods to analyze the fieldnotes subjectively , it was possible to bring to light points that had not previously been made fully clear at the time of the observation and to depict latent contexts and events in the children’s lives. It is significant that this study showed how observational data can be analyzed using Ueno's approach
多言語社会キルギスにおけるモノリンガルとバイリンガルの「説得の戦略」 : キルギス語とロシア語の意見文のエートスと議論の型
No full textThe purpose of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of persuasion strategies of speakers through written statements of opinion in multilingual society featuring multiple languages and cultural value systems. This study considered Kyrgyzstan as an example and gathered and analyzed 112 written opinion statements from four groups: (1) monolingual Kyrgyz speakers; (2) monolingual Russian speakers; (3) bilingual Kyrgyz and Russian speakers, Kyrgyz dominant; and (4) bilingual Kyrgyz and Russian speakers, Russian dominant. The study found that monolingual and bilingual Kyrgyz speakers exhibited weak autonomy as writers, with inessential “circumstance” topos as part of their ethos. However, Russian speakers, especially monolinguals, exhibited strong autonomy as writers, favoring essential “definition” and “similitude.” This suggests that persuasion strategies with differing characteristics are favored among monolingual and bilingual Kyrgyz and Russian speakers in the context of a multilingual society.本稿は2024年３月に福岡女子大学で開催された第48回社会言語科学会研究大会での口頭発表「同一社会文化を背景とするモノリンガルとバイリンガルの説得の戦略－エートスと議論の型の観点から－」の内容に大幅に修正・加筆を行ったものである
漢初の四分暦について
No full textThis study uses recently excavated materials to correct errors in my previous theory on the calendar dates in the early Han period, and reports on how much we can now shed light on the sifen calendar in the early Han period.
In conclusion, ① from 206 BC to 203 BC, we can use an extension of the Qin calendar or a retroactive version of the calendar in Zhangjiashan 張家山’s Lipu 暦譜 as the calendar of that time. ② from 202 BC to 186 BC, we can use the calendar in Zhangjiashan’s Lipu. ③ from 185 BC to 171 BC, we can use an extension of the calendar in Zhangjiashan’s Lipu or a retroactive version of the calendar in Shuihudi 睡虎地’s Zhiri 質日 as the calendar of that time. ④ from 170 BC to 157 BC, we can use the calendar in Shuihudi’s Zhiri. ⑤ from 156 BC to 104 BC, if there was no calendar reform during this period, we can use an extension of the calendar in Shuihudi’s Zhiri as the calendar of that time. However, in the periods ①, ③, and ⑤, there is a possibility that the new moon day will be one zodiac sign behind at the beginning of the cycle of the {Taichu 太初 calendar}.
Furthermore, the calendar in Shuihudi’s Zhiri proves that calendars from the Later Yuan period of Emperor Wen onwards (163 BC - 104 BC) do not have a starting point where the new moon day coincides with the solar term, which suggests that sifen calendars before the Taichu calendar may not have a calendar origin where the new moon and the solar term coincided
Controllable Synthesis of Porous and Hollow Nanostructured Catalyst Particles and Their Soot Oxidation
No full textThe introduction of macroporous structures into three-way catalysts (TWCs) through polymer template-assisted spray drying has attracted attention because of its enhanced gas diffusion and catalytic performance. However, the surface charge effect of polymeric template components has not been investigated to control the structure of the TWC particles during synthesis. Thus, this study investigated the effect of template surface charges on the self-assembly behavior of TWC nanoparticles (NPs) during drying. The self-assembly of TWC NPs and polymer particles with different charges produced a hollow structure, whereas using the same charges generated a porous one. Consequently, the mechanism of particle self-assembly during drying and final structure particle formation is proposed in this study. Here, porous TWC particles demonstrated a faster oxidation of soot particles than that of hollow-structured particles. This occurred as a result of the larger contact area between the catalyst surface and the solid reactant. Our findings propose a fundamental self-assembly mechanism for the formation of different TWC structures, thereby enhancing soot oxidation performance using macroporous structures.This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP23H01745, JP22K20482, and JP23K13590. This work was also supported by JST, the establishment of university fellowships toward the creation of science and technology innovation, grant No. JPMJFS2129. This work is currently supported by a project, JPNP14004, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) and the research association of Automotive Internal Combustion Engines (AICE). This work was partly supported by the International Network on Polyoxometalate Science at Hiroshima University, the JSPS Core-to-Core Program, and the Information Center of Particle Technology, Japan. The authors thank Dr. Makoto Maeda of the Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development (N-BARD) at Hiroshima University for TEM observation
Reactivity of Organoiridium Tungsten Oxide Clusters with Transition Metal Aquo Cations
No full textOrganometallic–polyoxometalate (POM) complexes form a unique class of molecular organometallic oxides characterized by the dynamic behavior of the organometallic cations. Herein, we investigated the reactivity of Cp*Ir-octatungstate clusters (where Cp* represents pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, C5Me5–) with Werner-type transition-metal aquo cations. The addition of Ag+, Co2+, Ni2+, and M3+ (M = Cr, Fe, or In) cations to the aqueous solution of Cp*Ir-octatungstate clusters resulted in the formation of [{Ag(OH2)2}2{Cp*Ir(OH2)}2{Cp*IrW3O12(OH)}2(WO2)2] (1), Co1.5K0.8Na0.2[{trans-Co(OH2)2}{Cp*IrW3O12(OH)}2(WO2)1.3{cis-Co(OH2)2}0.7] (2-Co), Ni0.2K1.4Na0.2[{Ni(OH2)4}2{Cp*IrW3O12(OH)}2(WO2)1.1{cis-Ni(OH2)2}0.9] (2-Ni), and [{M(OH2)4}2{Cp*IrW3O12(OH)}2{cis-M(OH2)2}2](NO3)2 (M = Cr, 3-Cr; Fe, 3-Fe; or In, 3-In), respectively. All clusters share the same cubane-type {Cp*IrW3O12(OH)}5– building block, representing the first examples of organoiridium-POMs functionalized by transition-metal aquo cations. These compounds are insoluble in water, facilitating the evaluation of their heterogeneous water-oxidation properties. Notably, 2-Co generates the highest catalytic water oxidation current. This work provides a new synthetic method to introduce metal–aquo complexes on an organometallic oxide cluster, producing multimetallic molecules that model the catalytic sites of complex oxides.This study was commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology and Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan (project JPNP20005). We acknowledge support from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Area (A) “Supra-ceramics” (JP22H05144), the JSPS Core-to-Core program, and the International Network on Polyoxometalate Science at Hiroshima University. The magnetic measurements were conducted at the Institute of Molecular Science, supported by ARIM of the MEXT (project JPMXP1223MS1015)
Utility of microRNA analysis using liquid-based cytology samples for uterine endometrial cancer screening
No full textObjectives: This study was performed to investigate microRNA (miRNA) expression in cytological specimens processed under clinical conditions to determine the potential of miRNA detection as a diagnostic biomarker of uterine endometrial cancer. Methods: We collected 40 lysates from cytology (LBC) specimens obtained during screening for endometrial cancer and normal endometrium, 18 surgically resected tissue specimens containing endometrial cancer and normal endometrium, and 14 LBC specimens of equivocal diagnosis at Hiroshima University Hospital. We compared the expression of four miRNAs (miR-96, miR-182, miR-183, and miR-143) and selected two (miR-96 and miR-143) that we predicted would be useful. Results: We confirmed that miR-96 expression was significantly elevated and miR-143 expression was significantly depressed in cancer samples relative to normal endometrial samples. Among the 14 LBC specimens diagnosed with equivocal results, seven were pathologically diagnosed with cancer and showed the same profile as described above. Conclusions: Our data suggest that miRNA analysis of LBC samples may be useful for endometrial cancer screening
Corpus orales de aprendientes de ELE para el estudio de la conversación en la L2 disponibles en Internet
No full textIn this article, my aim is to categorize the oral corpora of Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) learners that are currently available and accessible on the Internet. To do this, I first select from learner corpora indexes and repertoires those discursive oral corpora that include samples of spontaneous or semi-spontaneous oral interaction and that offer complete access to the text through transcriptions and audiovisual materials. Of the selected corpora, I indicate the type of interaction they collect, the objective followed in their formation, the characteristics of the participants, certain particularities in their design, the information offered in the transcriptions, and the availability of the materials. Additionally, I give an overview of their potential use in studies related to interaction and conversation. I build on the features with which Albelda Marco (2022, p. 232) discusses the scope of oral corpora in relation to pragmatic research. In this study, aspects already noted by Rojo and Palacios (2022, p. 85) are observed concerning the limited representativeness of SFL oral learner corpora and their lack of homogeneity in the collection and treatment of materials. In addition to these aspects, I discuss the scarcity of corpora formed by spontaneous conversations of SFL learners, since the main form of elicitation in the analyzed oral corpora is the semi-structured interview.本論文では，現在インターネット上で一般に公開されているスペイン語学習者の会話コーパスを分類・整理する。そのためにまず，学習者コーパスの索引や標題の中から，自発的/ 半自発的な会話のサンプルを含み，文字起こしや視聴覚資料により完全なテキストにアクセス可能なものを抽出した。そして，それらのコーパスで収集された会話の種類，作成の目的，被験者の属性・適格条件，文字起こしや視聴覚資料により提供される情報，資料の可用性といった情報を示す。加えて，オーラル・インタラクションや会話研究における潜在的有用性について述べる。これらはAlbelda Marco (2022, p. 232) が語用論的研究の観点から論じる特徴に基づくものである。本研究を通して，Rojo and Palacios (2022, p. 85) が既に指摘しているスペイン語学習者コーパスの限定的代表性および資料収集とその扱いにおける不均質性の問題に加えて，スペイン語学習者の自発的な会話から作成されたコーパスの不足が確認できた。これは分析したオーラルコーパスにおける誘発形式の大半が半構造化されたインタビューであることに起因すると考えられる
子どもに対する保育者の「援助しない援助」の意味
No full textThe purpose of this study is to clarify the impact of "non-assisting assistance" on children by childcare teachers, and to examine the meaning of such actions. As a result of analyzing childcare practice using Trajectory Equifinality Modeling (TEM), the following points were clarified. First, "non-assisting assistance" stimulates the child's latent desire to take action on his own. Second, the group, including the children around him, changes and becomes more active. This meant that there was space for them to think and interact with others in order to solve problems. From the above, "non-assisting assistance" means that it is important to understand the child and accurately grasp the context of the situation. It became clear that this was a highly specialized teaching behavior
主体的に学習に取り組む態度を育成する保健体育科の授業実践 : 「粘り強さ」と「自己調整」を育む球技の教材開発
No full textThis study examined the kinds of teaching materials and evaluation methods for promoting independent learning in health and physical education ball games in junior high schools. First, teaching materials were developed using Tchoukball. Next, to examine evaluation methods for independent learning attitude, which includes two elements of perseverance" and "self-regulation of learning, a class practice was conducted using a portfolio-type worksheet based on One Page Portfolio Assessment theory in the developed unit. Furthermore, the class practice was open to the public, and its effectiveness was analyzed based on discussion session records and students' free descriptions. The results suggest that it is possible to promote the self-regulation of learning by devising teaching materials from a methodological perspective. Moreover, using portfolio-type work sheets allowed learners and teachers to share evaluation information, implying the possibility of respecting student independent learning and fostering their proactive attitude toward learning