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SCOL: Similarity and credibility-based approach for opinion leaders detection in collaborative filtering-based recommender systems
No full textRecommender systems (RSs) have recently gained significant attention from both research and industrial communities. These systems generate the recommendations of items in one of two ways, namely collaborative or content-based filtering. Collaborative filtering is a technique used by recommender systems in order to suggest to the user a set of items based on the opinions of other users who share with him the same preferences. One of the key issues in collaborative filtering systems (CFSs) is how to generate adequate recommendations for newcomers who rate only a small number of items, a problem known as cold start user. Another interesting problem is the cold start item when a new item is introduced in the system and cannot be recommended. In this paper, we present a clustering-based approach SCOL that aims to alleviate the cold start challenges; by identifying the most effective opinion leaders among the social network of the CFS. SCOL clustering focuses on the credibility and correlation similarity concepts.1201345
بلاد المغرب الاسلامي بين التعايش والصراع المذهبي: قراءة في الاستغلال السياسي والتأثير العقدي والفقهي
No full textتعددت المقاربات التي استند إليها الباحثون في دراسة الأوضاع المذهبية لبلاد المغرب في العصر الوسيط، حيث استندت إلى التداخل الكبير بين الخطاب المذهبي وبين التحولات السياسية والعلاقات القبلية والظروف الاجتماعية، ويأتي هذا المقال ليستحضر الفعالية الكبيرة للسلطة بمختلف تمظهراتها في رسم السياسة المذهبية، حيث ينطلق من إعادة تفسير مفهوم السلطة وتجاوز التصور الكلاسيكي لها، والذي يحصره في جهاز الحكم السياسي ليدفع به نحو تصور أوسع، حيث بيرز فعالية أشكال أخرى من السلطة متمثلة في السلطة العلمية والضمير الجمعي، ويبرز استحضار مختلف الفاعلين للمنظومة المعرفية المغربية في ممارساتهم التي تدفع نحو الصراع أو التعايش، ثم يعمل على إعادة قراءة مختلف الحوادث ذات الصيغة المذهبية من خلال هذا المنطلق، فيكشف عن الدور الكبير الذي مارسته "السلط" المختلفة في مسار التاريخ المذهبي للمغاربة، ويبرز تداخل الصراع المذهبي مع الأهداف الإقتصادية والتنافس على النفوذ والسعي للتموقع الاجتماعي والتفوق الطبقي، بالإضافة إلى آليات الإستغلال المختلفة التي تتعاطى مع الوضع المذهبي بحسب المصلحة المرتقبة مستحضرة أثر الفقهاء الاجتماعي ونفوذهم.Mostly, the cohabitation and the conflicts between the Islamic doctrines in Maghreb are briefly discussed. It touches only some precise aspects in which the impact has been amplified according to the contexts cited by several sources. It neglects the need of a synthetic reading that considers the different interferences making doctrine’s politics in Islamic medieval Maghreb, such us: governments manipulations, competitive relations between jurisprudents (foqaha), or the effect of a general authority that generally followed jurisprudence theorization and political direction by: teaching, propaganda forms, convincing, mobilization and doctrine fanaticism. Sometimes, tribal conflicts, social disagreement and contention for power are being presented as a pure doctrinal conflict. There is also the nature of the religious thinking about reality and salvation. All this aspects can give a true explanation of doctrinal conflict and violence that leads either to war and murder, or to tolerance that makes people forgive their doctrinal background for many times of cohabitation and peace. This paper tries to give a synthetic vision based on the keys proposed by the French philosopher Michel Foucault, for an approach to the definition of authority and for an explanation of the interference between knowledge and authority.11120122
PathME: pathway based multi-modal sparse autoencoders for clustering of patient-level multi-omics data
No full textRecent years have witnessed an increasing interest in multi-omics data, because these data allow for better understanding complex diseases such as cancer on a molecular system level. In addition, multi-omics data increase the chance to robustly identify molecular patient sub-groups and hence open the door towards a better personalized treatment of diseases. Several methods have been proposed for unsupervised clustering of multi-omics data. However, a number of challenges remain, such as the magnitude of features and the large difference in dimensionality across different omics data sources.214
Measuring the Value of Open Access ETDS in Algerian Digital Repositories: An Evaluative Study
No full textOver the past years, grey literature in general and electronic digital theses (EDTs) in particular have been becoming more and more digital. Algeria is ranked first among Arab countries with fifteen (15) digital repositories. EDTs represent a large percentage of the repositories' content. Fourteen (14) of these repositories have policies for the collection of theses and dissertations, as well as other types of documents such as articles and reports. The usage of ETDs by undergraduates has been increasing exponentially. This study aims to highlight and evaluate the tools used to measure the usage of ETDs in the digital repositories, their availability and the evaluation methodology.16Special Winter344
Research governance in Universities: The example of Westminster University and the status of Algerian University
No full textThe study aimed at examining one of the models of scientific research governance in the United Kingdom. The study was divided into two parts: Theoretical representing the literature in the field of governance in universities, scientific research governance. An applied part in which the status of scientific research governance policy of: Westminster University-London was presented, then Turning to the state of scientific research in Algeria and what challenges and development opportunities or helps to come up with a framework for governance of scientific research at the university level. It been relied of the data available on: the official websites of the universities under study, news sites, the Ministry of Higher Education website and various legal texts organized from laws, publications and instructions in the field of scientific research: research projects, laboratory construction, scientific plagiarism ... etc. The most important findings were: The absence of a framework that clarifies the governance of scientific research at the Algerian University, there is no balance between internal and external policies at the Algerian University, As it appears that internal policies have a greater impact on the policies, practices, and procedures of scientific research than foreign policies, there is no separation between administrative and scientific authorities, and there are no clear methods for evaluating scientific researchهدفت الدراسة للاطلاع على إحدى نماذج حوكمة البحث العلمي في الولايات المتحدة، انقسمت الدراسة إلى جزئين: نظري تم التطرق فيه إلى الأدبيات في مجال الحوكمة في الجامعات ثم حوكمة البحث العلمي، جزء تطبيقي تم فيه عرض بيان حوكمة البحث العلمي لـ: Westminster University-London ،ثم التطرق إلى حالة البحث العلمي في الجزائر وما تحديات وفرص تطويره أو تساعد للتوصل لوضع إطار عمل لحوكمة البحث العلمي على مستوى الجامعات. تم الاعتماد على البيانات المتوفرة على مستوى: المواقع الرسمية للجامعات محل الدراسة، مواقع الأخبار، مو قع وزارة التعليم العالي ومختلف النصوص القانونية المنظمة من قوانين، مناشير وتعليمات في مجال البحث العلمي: المشاريع البحثية، إنشاء المخابر، السرقة العلمية...إلخ. أهم النتائج المتوصل كانت :عدم وجود إطار عمل يوضح حوكمة البحث العلمي في الجامعة الجزائرية، لا يو جد توازن بين السياسات الداخلية والخارجية في الجامعة الجزائرية، إذ يبدو أن للسياسات الداخلية تأثير أكبر على سياسات و ممارسات وإجراءات البحث العلمي من السياسات الخارجية، عدم وجود فصل بين السلطات الإدارية والعلمية كما لا توجد طرق تقييم واضحة للبحث العلم
The requirements for the computerization of the archives of Algerian universities: A field study in the archives services of universities in eastern Algeria
No full textتتناول هذه الدراسة متطلبات حوسبة أرشيف الجامعات الجزائرية من خلال دراسة ميدانية بمصالح أرشيف الجامعات على مستوى الشرق الجزائري، وذلك بناء على نتائج العديد من الدراسات السابقة التي أكدت على ضرورة توفر هذه المتطلبات، لأنه لا يمكن الحديث عن استخدام التكنولوجيات الحديثة في مجال الأرشيف دون توفر هذه المتطلبات مجتمعة، ومن هنا تستمد هذه الدراسة أهميتها وأهدافها، وكذلك من خلال تقديمها جملة من المقترحات لتذليل العقبات والصعوبات المرتبطة بمتطلبات حوسبة الأرشيف الجامعي والمساهمة في تهيئة الشروط والظروف الملائمة لنجاح مشاريع الحوسبة على مستوى مصالح أرشيف الجامعات التي شملتها الدراسة الميدانية من أجل تأهيلها لتبني الإدارة الإلكترونية مستقبلا.
جاءت الدراسة في بابين حيث احتوى الباب الأول على أربعة فصول خصصت للجوانب المنهجية والنظرية، أما الباب الثاني والذي يضم ثلاثة فصول فقد خصص للدراسة الميدانية والتي اشتملت بدورها على توضيح إجراءات الدراسة، عرض وتحليل البيانات وتقديم نتائج الدراسة ومقترحاتها، ولقد تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي فضلا عن ذكر أهم نتائج الدراسات السابقة.
خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج أكدت ضعف البنية التحتية التكنولوجية بمصالح أرشيف جامعات الشرق الجزائري، وأكدت وجود قصور في السياسات المنتهجة حاليا من قبل الهيئات والمؤسسات المركزية، وضعف إرادة التغيير لدى القائمين على هذه المؤسسات الجامعية كون مصلحة الأرشيف ليست ضمن الأولويات ما يجعلها غير جاهزة لتبني مشاريع الحوسبة، وأنها لا زالت متأخرة عن تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية.This thesis deals with the subject of the computerization needs of university archives. subdivided into two main parts, the first comprises four chapters including the methodological and theoretical aspects emphasizing the importance of the computerization of university archives, the second part consists of three chapters reserved exclusively for field studies carried out at university level from eastern Algeria, it should be noted that this study was done on the basis of the descriptive method. The results obtained confirm that the archives of universities in eastern Algeria record a glaring lack of technological infrastructure and qualified human frameworks as well as an absence of a futuristic vision among those responsible at university level regarding the adoption of a policy aimed at developing and modernizing university archives through computerization projects, aimed at electronic administration focused on the use of information and communication technologies by university administrations, including the aim is to make public services more accessible to their users and to improve their internal functioning
The General Union of Tunisian Labor and the Unification of Trade Unions in Tunisia (1946/1952)
No full textThis study aims at highlighting the nature of the union union project that Tunisia witnessed during the period between 1946 and 1952, which was between two different trade unions in different ideology, vision and the project. The Union of Tunisian Currency Union (USTT) represented the French project, and the relationship between them in the midst of the unification project was characterized by disharmony, disagreement, estrangement and conflict ... The first sought to unite with the second in order to ease the pressure on Tunisian national parties. On the basis of this, we came to the conclusion that the project of unity was stalled.7111415
The position of information and library services through the laws of persons with disabilities : a comparative study between the laws of the United States of America and Algeria
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى المقارنة بين القوانين الوطنية الخاصة بالأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة في كل من الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والجزائر، والكشف عن مدى احتواءها على مواد قانونية تساهم في تسهيل الوصول إلى المكتبات وخدمات المعلومات الموجهة لهذه الفئة، سواء كان ذلك في البيئة التقليدية أو الالكترونية. ومن بين أهم النتائج المتوصل إليها، أن هذه القوانين تتضمن مواد وتوصيات متنوعة، يمكن تطبيقها على مجال المكتبات وخدماتها، كما تشترك الدولتين في المصادقة على الاتفاقية الدولية للأشخاص ذوي الإعاقة، التي يمكن استثمارها في تدارك الثغرات الموجودة في هذه القوانين، خاصة مع توفر آليات عمليّة لمتابعة تطبيق ما جاء فيها على المستويين، الوطني والدولي.This study aims to compare between the national laws of persons with disabilities in the United States and Algeria, as well as the extent to which they contain legal articles that facilitate access to libraries and information services for this category , either the traditional or electronic environment. Among the most important findings in this study, is that these laws contain various articles and recommendations that can be applied to libraries and their services in the traditional and electronic environment, and that the two countries are also both involved in the ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which can be invested in addressing the gaps that exist in the said laws, especially with the availability of practical mechanisms to11145447
Modelling elastic scaling of cloud with energy-efficiency: Application to smart-university
No full textThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Cloud computing represents one of major innovations in Information Technology (IT). It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Elasticity is one of the most important characteristic in the cloud. Due to the enormous amounts of energy consumed by a cloud, it becomes difficult to build an elasticity system that satisfies all the requirements that might arise during its lifetime. Different approaches are proposed to address the energy-efficiency in the modelling of elasticity system at multiple layers of cloud services. Most of the existing approaches measure the overall hardware energy consumption, instead of the energy consumption of the software. Understanding how energy is consumed by cloud with elastic scaling mechanism is a key for managing better energy efficient software. This work proposes an architecture for modelling elasticity and energy-efficiency in the application layer. This architecture combines both the characteristics of adaptation (with Autonomic Computing) and variability (with Feature Model) into a single solution. The feature model considers the variability in the structural modelling and the behaviour one. We show the feasibility of the proposed approach by analysing the smart university applications associated with the Znn.com scenari
Using Query Expansion Techniques and Content-Based Filtering for Personalizing Analysis in Big Data
No full textThe recent debates on personalizing analyses in a Big Data context are one of the most solicited challenges for business intelligence (BI) administrators. The high-volume, the high-variety, and the high-velocity of Big Data have produced difficulty in storing, processing, and analyzing data in traditional systems. These 3Vs (volume, velocity, and variety) created many new challenges and make them difficult to extract the specific needs of the users. In addition, the user may be faced with the problem of disorientation; he does not know what information really corresponds to his needs. The information personalization systems aim to overcome these problems of disorientation by using a user profile. The effectiveness of the personalization system in a Big Data context is to demonstrate by the relevance and accuracy of the content of the results obtained, according to the needs of the user and the context of the research. Nevertheless, most of the recent research focused on the relational data warehouse personalizing and ignored the integration of the user context into the analysis of OLAP cubes, which is the first concerned to execute the user's multidimensional queries. To deal with this, the authors propose in this article a dynamic personalizing approach in Big Data context using OLAP cubes, based on the Content-Based Filtering, and the Query Expansion techniques. The first step in the proposal consists of processing the user queries by an enrichment technique in order to integrate the user profile and his searching context to reduce the searching space in the OLAP cube, and use the expansion technique to extend the scope of the analysis in the OLAP cube. The retrieved results are: “as relevant as possible” compared to the user's initial request. Afterward, they use information filtering techniques such as content-based filtering to personalize the analysis in the reduced data cube according to the term frequency and cosine similarity. Finally, they present a case study and experiences results to evaluate and validate their approach.Vol.15Issue 27710