Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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UTILIZATION OF KECOMBRANG FRUIT PEEL (Etlingera elatior (Jack) RMSm) AS A MOUTHWASH TO PREVENT MOUTH ULCERS AND DENTAL CARIES
Full text linkKecombrang fruit is used by the community as a food ingredient but actually the skin of this kecombrang fruit can be used as a mouthwash for the development of dental caries. This study aims to evaluate the preparation of mouthwash formulations with the addition of kecombrang fruit peel extract. The work procedure starts from extraction, phytochemical testing, antimicrobial testing of extracts, and evaluation of mouthwash preparations. The results contained secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, fla-vonoids, tannins, and saponins. Evaluation of mouthwash preparation with pH test is 5.0-5.6, organoleptic test which does not change significantly, viscosity test at 20% and 30% concentration is 1.0193 cP and 1.0061 cP, and antimicrobial test with inhibi-tion diameter on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans is 11.3 mm and 11.1 mm. In conclusion, mouthwash with added extracts can inhibit the growth of microbes that cause mouth ulcers and tooth decay
THE EFFECT OF THE HEALTH CARE INFECTION CONTROL COMMITTEE IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY CATHETERS ON COST CONTAINMENT
Full text linkThe high prevalence of healthcare-associated infections threatens hospital services. Urinary tract infections associated with the use of catheters could reach 0.2–4.8 per 1000 catheters/day. In response to this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends using the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) to reduce the incidence of infection in hospitals. To determine the effect of implementing HICPAC on reducing hospital costs for patients with urinary catheters at Delia Hospital, Langkat Regency, in 2019. At the Delia General Hospital in Langkat Regency, Malaysia, quantitative research using a quasi-experimental technique was carried out, in which all patients with urinary catheters were included as respondents. The paired t-test was used to evaluate the data using SPSS software. The results revealed a significant effect of the HICPAC application on the incidence of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) in patients during treatment (p = 0.08). The HICPAC method can also reduce the risk of CAUTI by 3.902 times. This study did not evaluate the morbidity and mortality attributable to CAUTI. An assessment of the length of stay, cost analysis, and antibiotic resistance is needed to assess the benefits of the HICPAC guidelines. The use of HICPAC in patients with urinary catheters can reduce the cost of treatment at Delia Hospital, Langkat Regency
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF N-HEXANE EXTRACT FROM Chaetoceros calcitrans AGAINST Candida sp.
Full text linkSkin infections caused by Candida albicans and Candida krusei pose a serious health issue. One major concern regarding these infections is the resistance to antifungal drugs, highlighting the need for natural antifungals. Chaetoceros calcitrans, a microalgae, is known to contain natural antimicrobial compounds. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal potential of C. calcitrans n-hexane extract against both pathogens. The antifungal activity was tested using the diffusion method. The results indicated that the extract at a concentration of 100 mg mL⁻¹ inhibited the growth of C. albicans and C. krusei, showing the highest inhibition zones of 10.3 ± 0.9 mm and 9 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that the C. calcitrans extract contains antifungal compounds, including 2-Butyl-1-hexyloctahydro-1H-indene, at a concentration of 30.72%. Therefore, it can be concluded that C. calcitrans extract possesses antifungal activity and has potential as a drug candidate for fungal skin infections
MORPHOLOGICAL INDICES: DISTINGUISHING SINGLE AND TRIPLETS-BEARING BOER AND ETAWA GRADE GOATS IN LOMBOK BARAT
Full text linkThis study aimed to identify female goats with the potential to give birth to triplets by examining morphological characteristics correlated with FSH and LH hormone levels in the blood. It included four triplet-bearing Boer goats and four triplet-bearing Etawah grade goats, each with 12 kids, and four single-bearing Boer goats and four single-bearing Etawah grade goats, each with four kids. Morphological indices of body sizes, including weight, height slope, length index, width slope, depth index, foreleg length, and hormone levels, were observed. A t-test and descriptive analysis were conducted. The average body size of Boer goats was larger than Etawah grade goats, but there were no significant morphological differences between triplet-bearing Boer and Etawah grade goats. However, single-bearing Boer goats had a significantly higher height slope than single-bearing Etawah grade goats. FSH levels significantly increased in the blood of triplet-bearing Boer goats compared to single-bearing Boer goats. Morphological indices and hormone levels can help select goats likely to give birth to triplets
THE EFFECT OF Paederia foetida L. EXTRACT ON LIVER WEIGHT OF MICE SEPSIS MODEL INFECTED WITH Escherichia coli
Full text linkSepsis is a critical medical condition characterized by a systemic immune response to in-fection, which can lead to severe organ dysfunction and mortality. Bacterial sepsis, par-ticularly caused by Escherichia coli, poses a significant risk due to its potential to harm tissues and organs, including the liver. The liver plays a central role in metabolic process-es and host defense during sepsis, making it a key organ of interest. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Paederia foetida leaf extract on liver weight in a mice sepsis mod-el. Mice were divided into six groups: normal control (N), negative control (K-) receiving distilled water, positive control (K+) receiving ciprofloxacin, treatment 1 (P1) receiving P. foetida extract at 100 mg/kg BW, treatment 2 (P2) receiving 300 mg/kg BW, and treat-ment 3 (P3) receiving 500 mg/kg BW. After 14 days of treatment, significant differences in liver weight were observed among the groups, with the highest mean and standard de-viation recorded in the P1 group (1.3750 ± 0.3932). Liver abnormalities, including swell-ing, lobular thickening, and weight increase, were identified, indicating the liver’s adap-tive response to toxic substances during sepsis. Interestingly, the normal control group exhibited higher liver weights compared to the treatment groups, possibly due to fatty substance accumulation within the liver tissues. These findings suggest that P. foetida ex-tract may influence liver weight changes in sepsis, potentially modulating metabolic and detoxification processes. Further studies focusing on histopathological and biochemical mechanisms are needed to clarify the therapeutic potential of P. foetida in managing liver dysfunction associated with sepsis
APPLICATION OF RECOMBINANT TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE AND CARBOXYLESTERASE ENZYMES FROM Bacillus velezensis STRAIN S3 FOR POLYESTER SURFACE MODIFICATION
Full text linkEnzymatic polyester surface modification can be performed with lipase and esterase enzymes. In this study, the polyester fabric modification utilized triacylglycerol lipase (TGA) and carboxylesterase (CES) recombinant enzymes. The effect of these treatments was observed by determining the hydrophilicity level, dye absorption level, hydroxyl group measurement, and fiber surface morphology. The results revealed an elevated hydrophilicity level in polyester fabric, followed by dye absorption improvement and carboxyl group increase. The water absorption times required by the fabric based on the results of TGA, CES, comparative lipase, and negative control treatments were 3±0.05 seconds, 3.5±0.07 seconds, 5±0.05 seconds, and 80±11.54 minutes, respectively. Dye absorption test in polyester fabric based on these groups mentioned above were 52±0.5, 58±0.5, 178±0.5, and 2968±290 seconds. The total hydroxyl group measurement in polyester fabric was observed at 30.9±0.09, 30.5±0.05, 28.6±0.09, and 3 meq/100 g. The SEM observation showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis could alter the porous structure and surface of the fibers
EVALUATION AND INHIBITORY MECHANISM ANALYSIS OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS AGAINTS DIHYDROOROTATE DEHYDROGENASE AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS
Full text linkCancer remains one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, and currently cancer treatment is facing several problems related to adverse effects and drug resistance. To address these problems, new prospective anticancer medications are required. Natural compounds, which have been extensively used in the drug research, including for the treatment of cancer, are emerging as viable candidates. This study aimed to evaluate 33 in-house natural compounds against dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) enzyme, a viable target to develop anticancer agent, and to analyze the hit inhibitory mechanism against protein target. In the activity assay, atovaquone was the sole substance to have activity against DHODH, with an inhibition rate of 47.44% at 10 µM. However, discrepancies were shown in the molecular docking result, where atovaquone were identified as hits. Molecular dynamic analysis revealed that atovaquone initially bound to the active site before being forced to the outside due to cleavage of hydrogen bond between the ligand and responsible residue. This study clearly demonstrated the importance of molecular dynamic analysis to study inhibitory mechanism of compound against target protein that may be useful for further development
MUTATION OF LIPASE-PRODUCING BACTERIAL ISOLATE FROM PALM OIL EFFLUENT FOR FAT HYDROLYSIS ON POME
Full text linkLipase is applied to hydrolyzethe residual oil or fat in palm oil mill effluent (POME), which serves as a feedstock for biogas production. A bacterial isolate (Bacillus velezensis) exhibiting lipase activity, previously obtained from Malimping, Pandeglang, Banten, Indonesia, underwentsequential treatments of gamma irradiation (1, 2, and 3 kGy), EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) mutagenesis (0.5% v/v), and NTG (N-methyl N-nitrosoguanidine) (1 mg mL-1). Following each mutation, lipase activities of the mutant colonies were measured and compared to the wild-type strain. The results revealed that all mutated B. velezensiscolonies exhibited lipase activity values (7.78 ± 0.80 –9.05 ± 0.23 U mL-1) that were not significantly different from the wild-type isolate (8.31 ± 0.01 U mL-1), indicating strong bacterial resistance against the mutagenic treatments. The crude lipase preparation effectively hydrolyzed POME, resulting in a reduction of the COD value (from 131,450 ppm to 88,450 ppm) and O&G content (from 41,400 mg L-1to 5,770 mg L-1) within a 72-hour timeframe
OPTIMIZATION OF Bacillus paramycoides FERMENTATION MEDIUM TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTION OF 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID IN A 10 LITER FERMENTER
Full text link5-Aminolevulinic acid is an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds, such as chlorophyll and heme. 5-ALA has the potential to be used as a plant growth and antioxidant activity enhancer. 5-ALA can be produced through fermentation by Bacillus paramycoides. This study aimed to optimize B. paramycoides fermentation medium to increase 5-ALA production. The optimization was carried out using response surface method (RSM) experimental design. 5-ALA production in a 10 L fermenter was conducted using an optimized medium and supplemented with MSG as a precursor and wood vinegar as an inhibitor. The results showed that the best medium composition was 27.78 g L-1 molasses; 9.145 g L-1 urea; 8.838 g L-1 NaCl; and 32.07 g L-1 glucose, resulting in 10.749 (log CFU mL-1) and 255.30 µM 5-ALA. 5-ALA production trial in a 10 L fermenter produced 581.82 µM 5-ALA. Medium optimization and precursor-inhibitors addition in the fermentation increased the 5-ALA yield 3.2 times compared to before optimization
ANALYSIS OF BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND MITIGATION OF BIOMETHANE EMISSIONS FROM PIG FARMS IN NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE
Full text linkThe potential for biomethane production from livestock manure as renewable energy has good prospects, considering that the number of pigs in North Sulawesi Province increases yearly. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the potential for biomethane production, replacing the use of LPG, and mitigate biomethane emissions from pig farms. The results showed that from 2015-2021, the most significant biomethane production was in 2021, amounting to 7,887 tons of CH4/year in the Minahasa Regency area, 2,496 tons of CH4/year (31.65%) in Tomohon City, 805 tons of CH4/year (10.20%) in South Minahasa Regency, 779 tons of CH4/year (9.88%), and in other areas 3,807 (48.27%). Biomethane can replace 8.59 million kg of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The results of mitigating biomethane emissions in 2021 reached 34.22 Gg CO2eq, and using biomethane to replace LPG reached 11.59 Gg CO2eq. Total greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced to 45.81 Gg CO2eq. Biomethane from pig manure has promising potential as a new renewable energy and requires further investigation