Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF SUBTILISIN-K2 FROM INDONESIAN MOROMI: EVALUATION OF ITS ANTITHROMBOTIC POTENTIAL FOR FUNCTIONAL FOOD APPLICATION
Full text linkMicrobial fibrinolytic enzymes are commonly found in various fermented foods of both plant and animal origin. While extensive studies have been conducted in Japan, Korea, and China, research in Indonesia remains limited despite its rich diversity of fermented foods. Moromi, an intermediate product of soy sauce fermentation, contains Subtilisin-K2, an enzyme proven in vitro to degrade fibrin and fibrinogen, indicating potential antithrombotic activity. This study investigated the antithrombotic properties of Subtilisin-K2 using bioinformatic approaches, including molecular docking (HADDOCK) and molecular dynamics (GROMACS). Subtilisin-K2 exhibited strong binding affinities with fibrin, fibrinogen, PAI-1, PAI-2, and α-antiplasmin, with Gibbs free energy values of –19.4, –15.6, –15.7, –18.2, and –13.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics confirmed the stability of these complexes. These findings suggest that Subtilisin-K2 from Indonesian moromi exhibits significant bioactivity, underscoring the potential of Indonesian fermented products as valuable sources of functional enzymes, especially as antithrombotic potential
THE EFFECT OF AMMONIUM-BASED NPK FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH OF MANGROVE SEEDLINGS Rhizopora mucronata AND Rhizopora stylosa
Full text linkMangroves play an important role in coastal ecosystems, but their growth is often limited by nutrient availability, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) availability. The use of ammonium-based fertilizers can provide additional benefits by accelerating the growth of mangrove seedlings. This study examines the influence of various doses of ammonium-based NPK fertilizers on the growth of two mangrove species, Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora stylosa, The study was carried out in two different places with distinct environmental characteristics, Rhizophora mucronata was planted near land, whereas Rhizophora stylosa was planted in open areas near the sea. The seedlings received dosages of ammonium-based NPK fertilizer. Periodic measurements of growth characteristics, including leaf length, root length, plant height, and SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) index, were conducted and tested statistically. Rhizophora mucronata responded effectively to ammonium-based fertilizer treatment, increasing plant height, root length, and chlorophyll content at an optimal dose of 0.9 grams per, although shoot growth decreased. These data show that Rhizophora mucronata is more responsive to ammonium- based fertilizer treatments than is Rhizophora stylosa under the evaluated environmental conditions, although the fertilizer dosage had no significant effect
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROPLASTIC DEGRADING BACTERIA IN THREE LANDFILLS OF LAMPUNG PROVINCE
Full text linkMicroplastics are durable and contain harmful compounds that can be absorbed into the soil and enter the food chain, posing a risk to human health and the environment. One of the efforts to reduce its impact is to utilize bacteria as biodegradation agents. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize microplastic degrading bacteria from three landfills in Lampung Province, and determine their degradation rate. The research method used a quantitative descriptive approach, including the isolation stage with the pouring technique, degradation tests using Polystyrene, Polyethylene Terepthalate, and Polyethylene measuring 1x1 cm and identification using Vitek-2. The results of the study from nine bacterial isolates that were successfully purified, three of them showed the highest ability to degrade. The weight reduction result on PS plastic sample was 22.2% by Bacillus circulans, PET sample was 15.9% by Pandoraea spp. and PE sample was 36.2% by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
THE EFFECT OF POST-PRODUCTION SHELF TIME ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOY MILK
Full text linkThis study was conducted to analyze the effect of post-production storage time on antioxidant activity in soy milk. Antioxidants are compounds that can ward off free radicals, so it is important to know their stability over time. The storage time used in this study was 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 hours post-production. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Qualitatively, the color change of the DPPH solution was observed from purple to light yellow, while quantitatively the absorbance value was measured using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The inhibition value and IC50 were calculated to determine the strength of antioxidant activity in soy milk. The results showed that soy milk with a storage time of 1 hour had the best antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 28.19 μg/ml which was classified as very strong. At 4 hours of storage time, the IC50 value of 37.28 μg/ml is classified as moderate, while at 7 hours and 10 hours the IC50 values were 146.95 μg/ml and 119.38 μg/ml, respectively, which are also classified as moderate. At 13 hours, the antioxidant activity decreased drastically with an IC50 value of 228.90 μg/ml, which is classified as very weak. The antioxidant activity of soy milk decreased with increasing storage time. Factors such as temperature, light, and components of soy milk contribute to the degradation of antioxidant activity. Therefore, consumption of soy milk should be done within a shorter time after production to obtain optimal antioxidant benefits
CHARACTERISTICS AND KINEMATICS OF RAM FROZEN-THAWED SPERM MOVEMENT WITH DIFFERENT LECITHIN TYPES
Full text linkThis study evaluated the effectiveness of animal, plant, and synthetic lecithin-based extenders in preserving local Indonesian ram semen during cryopreservation. Post-thaw sperm quality was assessed using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA), focusing on motility, viability, membrane integrity, and kinematics. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% significance level. Results showed that sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the animal lecithin-based extender (53.66±1.33%, 66.45±2.50%, and 67.68±2.33%, respectively) compared to plant (51.84±0.48%, 62.98±1.94%, and 64.27±1.51%) and synthetic (50.14±0.22%, 60.72±0.81%, 62.44±1.37%) extenders. While kinematic parameters were not significantly different among groups, synthetic lecithin showed slightly higher values in velocity-related measures, whereas animal lecithin resulted in the most consistent improvement in overall sperm quality. All lecithin-based extenders met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for semen quality, and sperm kinematics remained within optimal fertilization values after cryopreservation
ANALYSIS OF THE RATIONALITY OF ANTIPLATELET USE IN ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS AT “X” HOSPITAL, SEMARANG CITY
Full text linkIschemic stroke accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke cases and remains a major global health problem. Antiplatelet agents are key for secondary prevention, but irrational use may reduce effectiveness and increase bleeding risk. This retrospective descriptive study evaluated the rationality of antiplatelet use in ischemic stroke patients at “X” Hospital, Semarang City, from January to July 2024. Patients aged ≥26 years with complete medical records were included. Rationality was assessed based on PNPK Stroke Guidelines (2019), AHA/ASA Guidelines (2021), and AHFS Drug Information (2024) using three indicators: appropriate drug, dose, and patient. A total of 111 patients (113 cases) met the inclusion criteria. Most were male (58.56%) and aged >65 years (36.04%), with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia as common comorbidities. Aspirin was the most used monotherapy (38.05%), and aspirin–clopidogrel the most frequent combination (37.17%). Drug selection accuracy was high (96.46%), while dose accuracy was low (44.25%). Antiplatelet use at “X” Hospital demonstrated rational drug selection but suboptimal dosing. Improved adherence to dosing guidelines and periodic prescription review are needed to enhance patient safety and treatment outcomes
COMPARATIVE pH ANALYSIS: HOMEMADE COLD CLAY VERSUS COMMERCIAL CLAY FOR CHILD SAFETY
Full text linkCold clay, as a non-baking children's play medium, needs to be assessed for its chemical and physical safety, particularly its pH parameters, to ensure safety for children's skin and environmental sustainability. This study aims to characterize the pH of cold clay by comparing homemade and manufactured products. A total of six samples were tested: one homemade (based on polyvinyl acetate, cornstarch, and additives) and five manufactured, colorful ones. The pH measurements were performed using a digital pH meter with three replications, then statistically analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) between the two groups. Homemade samples had an average pH of 4.75 ± 0.06 (acidic), while manufactured samples ranged from 7.16–7.53 (neutral to slightly alkaline). From a dermatological perspective, homemade pH, which is closer to the natural pH of children's skin (~5.5), is considered safer for long-term contact because it does not disrupt the acid mantle. In contrast, the neutral pH of manufactured products showed better chemical stability but potentially poses challenges in waste management. These findings emphasize the importance of pH characterization in selecting safe materials for the intended application. The study recommends consideration of pH parameters for parents, educators, and industry, as well as the need for further studies on toxicity and environmental impacts to ensure overall safety
SORUS MORPHOLOGY IN FERNS OF THE Polypodiaceae AND Tectariaceae FAMILIES IN THE ATO WATU WATERFALL AREA, AMONGGEDO DISTRICT
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the shape, color, and location of sori as well as the presence or absence of annulus in ferns (Pteridophyta) of the Polypodiaceae and Tectariaceae families in the Ato Watu Waterfall area, Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The method used in this study was qualitative descriptive research with an exploratory method by exploring the Ato Watu Waterfall area to collect fern samples that had sori. The results of the study found six species of ferns in the Polypodiaceae family, including Drynaria quercifolia (L.), J, Lemmaphyllum accedens (Blume), Leptochilus henryi (Baker) X.C.Zhang, Microsorum membranifolium (R.Br.) Ching, Pyrrosia longifolia (Burm.fil.) C.V.Morton, Selliguea heterocarpa BI., FI. Jav (Mehltreter, et al., 2010: 835-838) And 5 species of ferns from the Tectriaceae family, including Tectaria angulata (Sw.) S. Chandra, Tectaria aurita (Sw.) S. Chandra, Tectaria barberi (Hook), Tectaria devaxa (Kze) Copel, Tectaria fuscipes (Wall. ex Bedd) C. Chr,. Of the 6 species of the Polypodiaceae family, 5 species of the Tectariaceae family found, they have different sorus characteristics, and each species has an annulus (Shin & Keun, 2017: 317-320)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TNFα -308 G/A POLYMORPHISM WITH THE INCIDENCE OF CERVICAL CANCER IN ASIAN WOMEN: A META ANALYSIS OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Full text linkCervical cancer is a malignancy with high mortality rates in women, and its incidence continues to rise. The main etiological factor for cervical cancer is infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which disrupts the regulation of apoptosis in cells. Several studies have shown a correlation between TNFα polymorphisms, including the -308 position (TNFα -308 G/A), and the incidence of cervical cancer.This gene have a role in proliferation of cancer cells. This study investigates the impact of TNFα-308 polymorphism on the risk of cervical cancer in Asian female populations. A meta-analysis of five sources was conducted to determine potential associations. Findings reveal that neither allele A (OR 95%CI = 1.20 [0.70-2.03], p = 0.51) nor genotype AA (OR 95%CI = 0.85 [0.37-1.91], p = 0.69) were significantly linked with an elevated risk of cervical cancer in Asian women. The same result was seen for the G allele (OR 95%CI = 0.84 [0.49-1.42], p = 0.51) and GG genotype (OR 95%CI = 0.80 [0.44-1.48], p = 0.48). The study results indicate that the TNFα-308 polymorphism is not associated with cervical cancer in Asian women. Further research is needed to investigate the role of other gene polymorphisms in cervical cancer susceptibility in Asian women
SARS-CoV-2 VARIANTS GENOME ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN ISOLATES AND THEIR RESPONSES TO AVAILABLE VACCINES
Full text linkSARS-CoV-2 is a virus that initially appeared in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. In Indonesia, multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified, as well as various local variants that are not yet considered to be ‘variants of concern’. Therefore, this investigation is intended to understand the prevalence and epidemiology of the virus, along with detecting the mutations that occur in genes associated with whole-genome-sequences (WGS) isolated in Indonesia. Analyses were performed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in Indonesia using data obtained from GISAID.org. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on random samples taken from GISAID.org utilizing the BLAST tool from NCBI. The variants identified in Indonesia are alpha, beta and delta variants, as well as local variants B.1.470 and B.1.466.2. In total there are 9,260 isolated genomes collected in GISAID were located in Indonesia. Using BLAST, the variants were compared with the Wild-Type from Wuhan NC.045512.2. Multiple mutations were observed in the samples. The results from whole-genome sequencing of variants isolated in Indonesia have found that multiple mutations have occurred in genes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and it caused alterations in the characteristics of the virus and may affect vaccine efficacy