Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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THE ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees) EXTRACT AGAINST Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv WITH Microscopic-Observation AND Drug-Susceptibility (MODS) METHODE
Full text linkAndrographis paniculata, commonly known as sambiloto, is empirically used for various treatments, including its ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). This study aims to evaluate the growth inhibition activity of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv using sambiloto herb extract (Andrographis paniculata). The sambiloto extract was prepared using the maceration method. M. tuberculosis was grown on MODS medium, and the toxicity of sambiloto (A. paniculata) was analyzed using pharmacokinetic prediction studies (pkCMS). The results showed that at concentrations of 0.255 mg/ml, 1.275 mg/ml, and 2.55 mg/ml of sambiloto extract, M. tuberculosis growth occurred on days 7 to 14. Further observations were made until day 28, and it was found that starting at a concentration of 6.375 mg/ml, sambiloto extract did not show M. tuberculosis growth in MODS medium. The positive control, isoniazid, did not show bacterial growth, while the negative control showed extensive bacterial growth on day 12. The determination of M. tuberculosis growth was based on microscopic observations of the bacterial colonies, focusing on cord formation. In conclusion, this study, the use of an extract with a concentration of 6.375 mg/ml in the MODS method showed no growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, indicating that the extract is effective in inhibiting bacterial growth at this concentration. The online pkCSM test conducted in this study showed that the extract used is not cytotoxic, meaning that the extract is safe for body cells and does not cause cellular damage. Therefore, it has the potential to be an adjunct therapy in the treatment of tuberculosis
EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS COMMERCIAL EXTENDERS IN CRYOPRESERVING SEMEN OF LOCAL INDONESIAN RAMS
Full text linkIndonesian local sheep represent a particular species of sheep reared by farmers on small-scale farms. Semen freezing can be performed using either a homemade or commercial extender. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of several commercial extenders in freezing Indonesian local sheep. Semen was collected from three mature and healthy rams using an artificial vagina and evaluated. It was determined that only samples exhibiting sperm motility levels of greater than 70% would be included in the study. Subsequently, the semen from each ram was divided into three portions and diluted with Andromed, Sterydil, and OptiXcell, respectively. The frozen semen was then evaluated 24 hours post-freezing. The thawing process was conducted individually at 37°C for 30 seconds. The evaluation encompassed a range of metrics, including sperm motility, viability, and the presence of any abnormalities, in addition to the recovery rate. The results indicated that sperm frozen in Optixcell and Sterydil extenders exhibited superior motility, viability, and recovery rate than Andromed. The study also demonstrated no interaction between individual Ram and extender, and no differences were found between individuals. The study concluded that Optixcell and Sterydil extenders effectively froze Indonesian local sheep semen
FROZEN SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF BALI BULL IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Full text linkOne factor that affects frozen semen characteristics is bull age. Increasing age induces changes in sperm that reduce frozen semen quality. This study aimed to evaluate the frozen semen characteristics of Bali bulls aged 3, 8, and 13 years. Frozen semen was derived from fresh semen with sperm motility > 70%. The frozen semen characteristics tested included motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and sperm abnormalities. Sperm motility was analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Viability was assessed using eosin-nigrosin staining; plasma membrane integrity was assessed using the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST); acrosome integrity was assessed using Giemsa staining; and sperm abnormalities were assessed using Williams staining. The plasma membrane integrity of the 13-year-old group was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the younger age groups. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the other parameters. We conclude that age affects the integrity of the sperm plasma membrane in frozen semen from Bali bulls
IDENTIFICATION OF KEY NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY-RELATED GENES IN OIL PALM USING BIOINFORMATICS APPROACHES
Full text linkEfficient nitrogen use is crucial for maximizing oil palm yield while reducing environmental impact. Poor nitrogen utilization causes excessive growth and nutrient loss. This study uses bioinformatics to identify key genes linked to nitrogen use efficiency, providing insights for genetic improvement and sustainable cultivation.Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, functional enrichment, and structural modeling were employed to uncover candidate genes regulating nitrogen uptake and metabolism. Sixty-two nitrogen use efficiency associated genes from rice (Oryza sativa) were analyzed via BLASTp against the E. guineensis genome (NCBI), selecting those with >80% similarity. PPI networks were constructed using STRING-db and analyzed in Cytoscape v3.7.1. Functional enrichment (Gene Ontology) and structural analysis (AlphaFold, PyMol v2.5.4) were performed. Twelve nitrogen use efficiency related genes were identified, with CESA4, CESA7, and CESA9 emerging as key regulators based on high degree and betweenness values in PPI analysis. These genes are linked to plant cell wall biosynthesis. Structural analysis showed high similarity to rice homologs, with RMSD values of 0.338 Å (CESA4) and 0.396 Å (CESA9), indicating strong conservation area. Their structural relevance suggests they are promising targets for molecular breeding marker to enhance nitrogen utilization and sustainability in oil palm
UNVEILING THE ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF KEMUNING LEAVES (Murraya paniculata L. Jack): AN IN-SILICO EXPLORATION OF DPP-4 INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
Full text linkType 2 diabetes mellitus is a global health issue associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Murraya paniculata L. Jack (kemuning) has shown antidiabetic potential, yet its role as a DPP-4 inhibitor remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the potential of kemuning leaf bioactive compounds as natural DPP-4 inhibitors through an in-silico approach. Compound structures were obtained from the PubChem database and analyzed using AutoDock Vina for molecular docking against the DPP-4 protein. Pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and drug-likeness were evaluated using pkCSM and SwissADME, while complex stability was assessed through molecular dynamics simulation (RMSF). The results showed that most compounds demonstrated favorable binding affinities (−6.8 to −7.9 kcal/mol), along with acceptable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. Among the tested compounds, 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid emerged as the most promising candidate for natural DPP-4 inhibition
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PATIENT OUTCOMES AND SATISFACTION IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED HIP AND KNEE JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERY
Full text linkRobotic-assisted hip and knee arthroplasty has gained popularity in orthopedic surgery due to its precision, faster recovery, and improved alignment, potentially enhancing patient outcomes. Despite mixed and heterogeneous evidence, the demand for these procedures continues to rise. Therefore, bibliometric analysis is essential to direct research towards patient satisfaction and generate more reliable and significant evidence proving the true benefits of robotic surgery for patients, rather than merely technical success. This study employed bibliometric analysis to explore trends and evaluate publications on patient outcomes and satisfaction in robotic-assisted hip and knee surgery using the Scopus database. The analysis identified core concepts, trends, and research connections, providing insights into emerging areas in the field. The bibliometric analysis of 324 documents from 2007 to 2025 reveals a significant increase in research, focusing on surgical precision, rehabilitation, and long-term effectiveness. While countries like the US, UK, and China are leading contributors, there is a notable lack of similar research in ASEAN countries, particularly Indonesia. Future research should address gaps in areas like surgical revision, patient perception, and improving patient-reported outcomes
MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF AS A POTENTIAL ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENT: AN IN VITRO EVALUATION
Full text linkCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, one of which is triggered by an imbalance between fibrin formation and fibrinolysis processes, leading to fibrin accumulation that can lead to thrombosis. Commercial thrombolytic agents are currently widely used, but their use is known to cause serious side effects often and have limited effectiveness. This gap encourages initial screening of natural materials as an effort to explore the potential of new thrombolytic agents in the future. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf filtrate at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% as an antithrombotic agent through qualitative identification of secondary metabolites and testing of thrombolytic activity and anticoagulant ability in vitro. The results showed that Moringa leaf filtrate at a concentration of 25% was able to lyse blood clots by 60%, compared to the positive control nattokinase (82%), with a relative effectiveness of 71.7%. In vitro anticoagulant activity testing showed an extension of blood clotting time from 10 minutes (control) to 35 minutes in the treatment. ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference between concentrations (p < 0.05). These findings support the initial potential of this natural product as a candidate antithrombotic agent and provide a scientific basis for further research
THE IMPACT OF MOBILE HEALTH ON HEALTHY LIFESTYLE COMPLIANCE AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Full text linkCompliance with a healthy lifestyle and improving the quality of life of patients can be done through education with mobile health to prevent long-term complications in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Aims of the research this is to know the impact of mobile health on healthy lifestyle compliance and the quality of life of DM patients. In this research, these are PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. The search review uses the keywords "Diabetes Mellitus," "Mobile Health," "Healthy Lifestyle Compliance," and "Quality of Life" in the articles. Based on the results, 12 out of 305 articles were identified as feasible. Analysis showed that mobile health can be used for improving healthy lifestyle compliance, and improving the quality of life among DM patients. The time DM patients used mobile health application for education varies greatly. Mobile health has great potential to help improve compliance with lifestyle health, and quality of life for DM patients
IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN D7 PROTEIN FROM THE SALIVARY GLAND OF Ae. albopictus AND Thromboxane A2 FOR DEVELOPING ANTIPLATELET AGENT
Full text linkThe salivary glands of mosquito vector diseases contain various biological components which facilitate blood-feeding into the host's body. These components are mostly protein molecules. Numerous protein molecules in the salivary glands have gained substantial research emphasis to determine their role and function, including those in the salivary glands of Ae. albopictus. D7 protein is the main component in Aedes salivary glands, which aids in inhibiting platelet aggregation by binding to the Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) during the blood-feeding. TxA2 is a eicosanoid molecule that stimulates platelet aggregation. The protein's ability to bind TxA2 shows that this protein has potential as a new antiplatelet agent. The examination of the D7 protein in binding TxA2 was performed through an in-silico approach using the molecular docking method. This research included selecting the 3D model of the D7 protein and the TxA2 ligand, preparing the 3D model of the D7 protein, native ligands, and test ligands, targeted molecular docking method, validating the molecular docking, analysis and visualization of the docking results. The molecular docking validation shows an RMSD value of 1.657 Å. The results of molecular docking show an ΔG value of -5.60 kcal/mol, meaning that the D7 protein can bind to the TxA2 ligand stably and spontaneously. The active site of the D7 protein in binding the TxA2 ligand consists of several amino acid residues, namely THR 190, GLU 268, TYR 178, PHE 154, ILE 175, ARG176, VAL 293, TYR 248, and TYR 178. The ability of D7 protein to bind TxA2 as an inducer of platelet aggregation has demonstrated its potential as a novel antiplatelet agent. These results can pave further development of drug discovery in the medical and pharmaceutical fields
THE COMPARISON BETWEEN LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PREDICTION
Full text linkMulti-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that resist at least two first-line anti-TB drugs. This disease presents a major global health challenge, particularly affecting middle to lower income countries where affordable and rapid diagnostic tools are urgently needed. To address this, researchers are exploring the combination of whole genome sequencing and machine learning for drug resistance predictions. Using Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic data from databases, both Logistic Regression (LR) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models were trained to predict drug resistance. Performance evaluation revealed that CNN slightly outperformed LR in accuracy and specificity for Rifampicin and Pyrazinamide predictions, while LR showed better results for Isoniazid and Ethambutol. In terms of sensitivity, LR demonstrated superior performance for most drugs, except Ethambutol where CNN excelled. Though computational complexity assessment was incomplete due to hardware limitations, both models showed distinct advantages in predicting first-line anti-TB drug resistance