Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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THE EFFECT OF LIQUID TOFU WASTE AND GROWING MEDIA ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF LONG BEANS (Vigna sinensis L.)
Get PDFLong bean is a leguminous plant that has the potential to be developed into productive plants. Tofu liquid waste organic fertilizer and planting media are needed to meet nutrient needs, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. This study aims to understand the effect of liquid tofu waste, growing media, and their combined interaction on the growth and yield of long beans. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications, 3 treatments of liquid tofu waste of 0 mL (T0), 150 mL (T1), and 300 mL (T2), and 3 planting media, namely cow manure compost + rice husk charcoal (M1), cow manure compost + cocopeat (M2), and cow manure compost + chopped fern (M3). If they had a significant effect, a Tukey's test at a 5% probability level would be performed. The parameters observed included the chlorophyll a and b, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, height, number of flowers, pod length, and wet fruit weight of long beans. The results showed that the T1 and M3 treatments significantly affected chlorophyll a and b, height, number of flower, and pod length. The T1 and M2 treatments significantly affected the wet fruit weight of long beans.The T2 and M2 treatments significantly affected the net assimilation rate. Finally, the T2 and M3 treatments significantly affected the relative growth rate. There was no interaction effect found between liquid tofu waste and growing media on all research parameters
MORPHOLOGICAL AND TEXTURAL FEATURE EXTRACTIONS FROM FUNGI IMAGES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED MORPHOLOGY-BASED FUNGI IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Get PDFDue to widely varied microscopic shapes, fungal classification can be performed based on their morphological features. In morphology-based identification process, feature extraction takes an important role to characterize each fungal type. Previous studies used feature extraction of fungal images to detect the presence of fungal. In this study, morphological and textural features were extracted to classify three types of fungi: Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Trichoderma. Geometry and moment were used as morphological features. To perform textural feature extraction, the local binary pattern (LBP) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) feature extraction method were used. We compared the implemented feature extraction methods in order to get the best classification result. The result showed that geometrical features has the accuracy of 65%, higher than that of LBP (60%), GLCM (45%), and moment accuracy (55%). This suggested that geometric features is important for fungal classification based on their morphology
PRODUCTION OF HUMAN INSULIN PRECURSOR IN A 10 LITER BIOREACTOR USING A METHANOL PULSE FEEDING
Get PDFIndonesia as a country that had 19.5 million diabetic patients in 2021 is still importing raw materials of human insulin. The development of human insulin production process is needed to support the government’s objective to be independent in medicine aspect. Human insulin precursor (HIP) expressed from Pichia pastoris X33/pD902-IP had been developed and optimized in small-scale cultivation. However, the scaling up in bioreactor 10 L has not been studied. Using a 10 L-bioreactor the fermentation of P. pastoris X33/pD902-IP was developed. Fermentation was done in 120 hours using a basal salt medium (half concentration) for the vegetative and induction media. To induce HIP expression, methanol is fed by pulse strategy with a gradient concentration of 1-3% (v/v) for 48 hours. The dry cell weight (DCW) and HIP titers were 72 g/L and 286 mg/L, respectively. This development is the first fermentation of HIP expressed by P. pastoris X33/pD902-IP in a 10 L-bioreactor
VOLATILE COMPOUND ANALYSIS OF AROMATIC RICE MUTANT LINES USING HS-SPME/GC-MS
Get PDFVolatile compound is one of the key factors for aromatic components of rice. This study aimed to identify the key aroma components and their relationship with plant productivity in the Pare Bau variety mutant lines and its wild type. Volatile extraction was carried out using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method and analysed by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) instrument. The results of the identification of volatile compounds showed a total of 224 compounds in the mutant lines and wild type. However, only 14 compounds were suspected as key aroma compounds in Pare Bau rice, namely 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, Indole, 1-Octanol, 1-Octen-3-ol, 2,4-Nonadienal, (E,E)-, Octanal, 2-Nonenal, (E)-, 2-Octenal, (E)-, Decanal, Hexanal, Nonanal, Furan, 2-pentyl-, toluene and vanillin. The results on aroma compounds of mutant lines using principal component analysis showed that there were differences in the main characteristics of several strains and wild type. There was no relationship between increasing volatile concentration and plant productivity, vice versa
INCREASING RECOMBINANT PENICILLIN G ACYLASE PRODUCTION: GENETIC, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
Get PDFB-lactam derived antibiotics are the most used globally for treatment against different infections caused by pathogenic bacteria and comprises 65% of the world antibiotics. Recently, penicillin G acylase (PGA) is used as biocatalyst for those B-lactam antibiotics production by which 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) or 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) as the building blocks is produced. Commercialized PGA from native microbial resources are still limited to E. coli. Therefore, genetic engineering approach such as cloning and expression in other microbial hosts were assessed to enhance bacterial strains that produce PGA. However, such improvement could increase immature precursors accumulation and lowering the enzyme yield, activity, or stability. This review focus on the review of PGA recombinant produced by several microbial host, their expression levels, and improvement achieved by some modification such as replacement of signal peptide and promoter continued to protein engineering to utilize the enzymes in synthetizing amoxicillin rather than to hydrolyses Penicillin G
INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF Trichoderma harzianum AGAINST PUTATIVELY PATHOGENIC FUNGUS ON RODENT TUBER (Typhonium flagelliforme) PLANT
Get PDFTrichoderma spp. are globally considered as the most dominant biofungicide in the market. Reports on Trichoderma spp. efficacy against pathogenic fungi in commercial crops have been numerous, but much less in medicinal plants. This study aimed at testing the potential biofungicidal activity of Trichoderma harzianum in inhibiting the growth of a putatively pathogenic fungus isolated from rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) plant. The methods consisted of isolation of fungi from the plant’s surface, soil, and polybags. The isolates were then screened for their putative pathogenicity against rodent tuber before being subjected to 16S rRNA molecular identification and in vitro antagonist test using T. harzianum. Result showed that only isolate K4 showed pathogenicity on T. flagelliforme, and was molecularly identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, known globally as fungal pathogen attacking various plants. L. theobromae was inhibited by T. harzianum with inhibition index of 23.0 ± 4.3%, which was about twice higher than that of the positive control nystatin 100.000 IU mL (11.1 ± 0.6%). In conclusion, T. harzianum inhibited the growth of L. theobromae in vitro, hence indicating its biofungicidal potential
POTENTIAL OF HAIR TONIC SARANG BANUA (Clerodendrum fragrans) LEAF EXTRACTS AS ANTI ALOPECIA IN VIVO
Get PDFAlopecia merupakan suatu keadaan hilang atau tidak tumbuhnya rambut kepala yang dapat terjadi akibat dari penuaan, kekurangan gizi, ketidakseimbangan hormon. Hair tonic merupakan sediaan cair yang digunakan sebagai penumbuh dan penyubur rambut. Sediaan hair tonic sebagai penumbuh rambut membutuhkan antioksidan yang tinggi. Sarang banua (Clerodendrum fragrans) memiliki antioksidan yang tinggi. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi hair tonic ekstrak daun sarang banua sebagai anti alopecia secara in vivo. Metode riset dilakukan secara in vivo pada tikus putih wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 kelompok, K– (tanpa ekstrak), K+ (minoxidil 2%), F1 (5% ekstrak), F2 (7,5% ekstrak), dan F3 (10% ekstrak) dilakukan 3 perlakuan. Perlakuan dilakukan setiap hari dioleskan ke tikus yang mengalami stress dan kebotakan alami. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa F1 (ekstrak 5%) tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dengan K+ (minoxidil 2%).
Alopecia is a condition where head hair is missing or not growing which can occur as a result of aging, malnutrition, hormonal imbalance. Hair tonic is a liquid preparation that is used to grow and fertilize hair. Hair tonic preparations as hair growth require high levels of antioxidants. Sarang Banua (Clerodendrum fragrans) contains has high antioxidant. This research aims to determine the potential of hair tonic sarang banua leaf extract as an anti-alopecia in vivo. The research method is in vivo with white wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was an experimental LSD with 5 groups, K– (no extract), K+ (minoxidil 2%), F1 (5% extract), F2 (7.5% extract), and F3 (10% extract) carried out 3 treatments. The treatment is carried out every day and applied to mice that experience stress and natural baldness. The ANOVA test results showed that F1 (5% extract) had no significant difference from the K+ (2% minoxidil)
EVALUATING THE LONG-TERM STORAGE TIME VIABILITY AND SIZE DYNAMICS OF BACILLUS SP. BIOENCAPSULATION IN SODIUM ALGINATE MATRIX
Get PDFThe use of biological agents such as Bacillus sp. bacteria has begun to be widely used by farmers as a new form of control. Bacillus sp. needs to require special methods in its application because it has certain living conditions, and Bacillus sp. is vulnerable to environmental pressures. Bioencapsulated formulation in the form of granules is considered effective as a form of bacterial application in soil because it is able to protect Bacillus sp. and maintain survival. This study aims to determine the best concentration of sodium alginate in maintaining the viability of Bacillus sp. at the in vitro stage and to see changes in the size of the beads. The beads were made using extrusion method by combining Bacillus sp. suspension and sodium alginate suspension at 1%, 1.5%, and 2% concentration. The concentration of sodium alginate was not a major factor in changes in bead size and viability test results experienced significant changes in each observation. 1.5% and 2% concentrations can reach the highest viability value of 3x106 CFU/mL and decreased during 1 month of observation. Changes in bead size and viability were caused by the alginase enzyme produced by Bacillus sp
DEVELOPMENT OF PLASMID-BASED FOR EXTERNAL CONTROL MATERIALS OF CYP2D6*10 (rs1065852) GENE PCR-BASED DETECTION
Get PDFReliable clinical diagnosis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) is necessary for personalizing tamoxifen medication according to CYP2D6*10 genetic variations. Our research aimed to create a recombinant plasmid for external control material with a molecular size of 3812 bp. The recombinant plasmid was achieved by cloning an 838 bp gene insert of CYP2D6*10 rs1065852 into a 2974 bp pJET1.2 plasmid into Escherichia coli DH10B and selection on ampicillin agar medium. Isolated E. coli recombinants provided the plasmid molecules for analysis. Bi-directional sequencing and Real-Time PCR confirmed the presence of wild-type and mutant rs1065852 DNA fragments in the plasmid, namely homozygote CC and TT. The conclusion is that we have successfully introduced a novel recombinant plasmid developed by cloning the SNP rs1065852, which carries the 100C>T mutation, using pJET 1.2/blunt system, which could significantly enhance the accuracy of clinical SNP diagnostics for personalized medicine in breast cancer treatment
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION TEST IN POWDER-FORMULATED Helicoverpa armige-ra NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS (HaNPV1) SUBCULTURE
Get PDFThe Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV1) is a subculture derived from the original HaNPV, and it has been cultivated in Spodoptera litura larvae as an alternative host. HaNPV1 was subsequently formulated using gypsum and talcum as carrier media. Following this formulation, a bacterial contamination test was conducted to assess the quality of the viral formulation. The experiment was arranged in the randomized factorial block design (RFBD) with 2 replications. The viral formulations was stored for 16 weeks and the samples were taken every two weeks for contamination analysis. The data was then analyzed with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post-hoc using Duncan’s Multiple Range test. The variable observed was the number of the bacterial colonies cultivated on the specific media i.e., Nutrient Agar (NA), Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) and Eosin Methilen Blue Agar (EMB). The results showed that the bacterial contaminants was detected from 0 to 12 weeks of storage time. However, the highest contamination was found in viral formulation after 8 weeks of storage time and the highest bacterial contaminations were recorded from all viral formulation tested in NA. The results indicated that the bacterial contamination were found around 1.45 × 109 cfu/gram and 1.97 × 109 cfu/gram in gypsum and talcum formulations, respectively. On SSA and EMB media, the bacteria contaminants from all formulation found in 8 weeks of storage time, but Salmonella, Shigella, or Escherichia coli (aspathogenic bacteria) were not found. After 12 weeks storage time, there was no indication of contamination found in all media. Furthermore, Bacillus species was found as a most dominant contaminant in all samples. In conclusion, although the viral formulations using gypsum and talc were not contaminated by pathogenic bacteria such Salmonella, Shigella, or E. coli. Nevetherless, the viral formulation was still easily contaminated by other non-pathogenic bacterial species. Thus, a more standardized and stricted strategy needs to be developed for a better viral formulation product