Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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A REVIEW OF NANOCELLULOSE SYNTHESIS METHODS AND ITS APPLICATION
Get PDFNanocellulose is a type of cellulose that is being widely developed to replace petroleum-based polymers. This material possesses biocompatible properties, is abundant in nature, and is eco-friendly due to its biodegradability, sustainability, and non-toxic nature. Various nanocellulose synthesis methods are employed, including acid hydrolysis, alkaline, mechanical and biological treatments, as well as ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent methods. The choice of synthesis method greatly influences the particle size and crystallinity of the resulting nanocellulose; hence further investigation is needed to determine the effectiveness of these methods. Nanocellulose finds applications in various fields, such as films, polymers, cosmetics, medical fuels, and energy storage. Among the different nanocellulose synthesis methods, ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent (DES) methods have environmentally safe waste with better temperature, time, and diameter control compared to other methods. However, the DES method is currently preferred over the ionic liquid method due to the possibility of separating the lignin waste from the solvent
MUTATION DETECTION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS BY RT-PCR METHOD AS THE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL OF MDR-TB
Get PDFEight percent of tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide are resistant to rifampicin, with mutations occurring in the rpoB and katG genes. It is necessary to develop a specific multidrug-resistant (MDR) diagnostic technique using the RT-PCR method in Indonesia to aid in rapid and accurate diagnosis. In-silico testing using SnapGene software resulted in the design of DNA primers for the katG and rpoB genes, plasmids, and specific probes. This study employed a cross-sectional design using 30 non-MDR-TB and MDR-TB samples from RSUD Sitanala, Tangerang Banten, which were tested for amplification of the katG and rpoB genes using Sybr green RT-PCR. Validity testing was conducted using specific probes for the katG and rpoB genes. The amplification results showed that MDR-TB samples and MDR-TB plasmids required a longer time compared to non-MDR-TB samples and non-MDR-TB plasmids. The Quantification Cycle (Cq) value in non-MDR-TB samples was lower than the Cq value in MDR-TB samples. A t-test revealed a significant difference in Cq values of the rpoB and katG genes between MDR-TB and non-MDR-TB patients (p-value < 0.005). These differences in Cq values indicate that the findings of this study can serve as an initial reference for the development of an RT-PCR-based diagnostic kit for MDR-TB
RESPONSE OF SEED GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF Nepenthes gymnamphora Nees IN VITRO TO THE CONCENTRATION OF MS MINERAL SALT, PEPTONE AND THIDIAZURON
No full textNepenthes gymnamphora Nees is a Java's rare endemic species. Ex-situ conservation of this endangered species can be done through in vitro culture technique. The aims of this study were to determine (1) the mineral salt concentration of MS basal media and addition of peptone (P) on N. gymnamphora seed germination and seedling emergence and (2) the effects of TDZ in ½MS medium on seedling growth. Seeds were surface sterilized and cultured on four media formulations (½MS, MS, ½MS+P, MS+P) for 8 weeks. In the second experiment, ten-week-old seedlings, 0,25 cm in length were cultured on ½MS supplemented with 0, 0,5, 1,0, or 1,5 mg/L TDZ. Seedling growth was recorded at 8 weeks of culture. Results of this experiment showed that ½MS was the best medium for N. gymnamphora seed germination as indicated by the highest percentage of germination, the tallest seedling, and the fastest seedling emergence. Moreover, the best growth of N. gymnamphora was found on ½MS without TDZ
SYRINGIC ACID AND PHENAZINE PRODUCED BY AN ENDOPHYTIC Pseudomonas aeruginosa STRAIN G-111-0317 AND THEIR ACTIVITIES AGAINST Ganoderma boninense
Get PDFSyringic acid and phenazine possess antibiotic and antifungal properties, and have demonstrated effectiveness in inhibiting the colonization of Ganoderma boninense on oil palm plants. Some bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain G-111-0317, are capable of producing syringic acid and phenazine. In this study, the culture extract of this bacterial strain was obtained from healthy oil palm plants growing in G. boninense-infected areas at Oil Plant Plantation Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra. The strain was cultured on Nutrient Broth (NB) medium, and the resulting culture filtrate was extracted using ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and concentrated under vacuum. The putative compounds were identified by LC-MS, employing syringic acid and phenazine as reference standards. Antifungal activity against G. boninense in vitro was observed in the EtOAc extract obtained after 8 hours and 24 hours of fermentation, with the 8-hour extract demonstrating the highest activity. These compounds hold promising potential as active agents in inhibiting basal stem rot disease in oil palm plants
ENZYMATIC DEGUMMING USING XYLANASE AND PECTINASE TO IMPROVE BRIGHTNESS AND FINENESS QUALITY OF RAMIE FIBER (Boehmeria nivea L.) AS TEXTILE RAW MATERIAL
Get PDFRamie (Boehmeria nivea L.) fiber is an alternative to cotton fiber, and the degumming process is crucial for preparing it as a textile raw material. This study investigates the enzymatic degumming of ramie fiber using a combination of xylanase enzyme from Bacillus halodurans CM1 and commercial pectinase enzyme. The objective is to assess the impact of enzymatic degumming on the physical properties (weight loss, whiteness index, tenacity, elongation, and fineness) of ramie fiber. The degumming process was conducted in a shaker incubator at a temperature of 50 °C, pH 9, and 150 rpm. The degumming treatment involved 3% v/v xylanase, 1% v/v pectinase, 1% v/v surfactant, and 0.05% v/v NaClO2. The results show that the bleaching treatment (S6) resulted in higher fiber weight loss (9.52%), whiteness index (87.87%), tenacity (20.08 g/Tex), and fineness (1.05 denier) compared to the non-bleaching treatment
ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF MORINGA (Moringa oleifera) LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN OLD WISTAR RATS (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFInfertility is the failure of pregnancy after regular sexual intercourse for 6-12 months without contraception. Infertility in man is primarily caused by damaged sperm production, for example, impairments in the spermatogenesis process, low spermatozoa concentrations, morphological factors, and abnormal sperm motility. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the antioxidant effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves ethanol extract on spermatogenesis (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids counts) in old Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study took healthy old Wistar rats aged 18-19 months with a body weight of 200-250 g and with no physical disabilities. A total of 36 was Wistar rats divided into two groups, namely the treatment group (supplied with Moringa leaf ethanol extract of 50 mg/kgBW/ and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of 0.5 mL per day) and the control group (only with 0.5% CMC of 0.5 mL per day) for 30 days. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid counts between the group treated with Moringa leaf ethanol extract and the control group, resulting in a p-value of 0.000. Therefore, it can be concluded that Moringa leaf ethanol extract had a significant influence on the spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid counts in old Wistar rats
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PATCHOULI (Pogostemon sp.) FROM BATANG REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE
Get PDFPatchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is an essential oil-producing plant from Batang Regency that has excellence in patchouli alcohol contents and highly survives in any condition. Molecular identification has been done in the ITS region because DNA sequences in the ITS rRNA region evolved faster than in other areas. This study aimed to get the molecular and morphological identity of patchouli (Pogostemon sp.) from BPP Kabupaten Batang. The study consisted of sample preparation, DNA isolation, amplification, electrophoresis, sequence data analysis, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA X. All parts of plant were morphologically identified and compared with patchouli from Sidikalang, Aceh, Java, and China. Extraction DNA produced 301.7 ng ?L–1 concentration and 1.93 purity. Amplification of ITS fragment patchouli produced a 670 bp-sized single band. Phylogenetic analysis showed patchouli BPP related to Pogostemon cablin (KR608752.1) with 98% coverage identity. BPP patchouli showed 62,5% morphological similarity with Sidikalang patchouli compared to Java patchouli. In conclusion, BPP patchouli is a Sidakalang patchouli P. cablin that has undergone environmental adaptation
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY PROFILE OF MANGROVE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM BERAU REGENCY, INDONESIA
Get PDFMangrove endophytic fungi have the potential to produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to obtain endophytic mold isolates associated with mangrove plants and their antimicrobial activity. Seventeen endophytic molds were isolated from 7 mangrove species originating from Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Three extracts from the mold isolates OJ-B, OJ-Bu, and 6Xg-Bh showed the highest antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 9.63–25.4 mm and with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values ??of around 0.625–5 and 2.5–10 mg mL–1, respectively. LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis identified several compounds with antibacterial potential, namely beauvericin, choline, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, quinoline, cyclo (phenylalanyl-prolyl), fusarin c, oleamide and borrelidin. The 3 species were molecularly identified as Diaporthe phaseolorum, Fusarium proliferatum and Phomopsis sp. Thus, the endophytic molds from several of the mangrove species produced bioactive compounds as antibacterial
MICROBIAL L-ASPARAGINASES AND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THEM
Get PDFL-asparaginase is a type of hydrolase enzyme that has been used in anticancer treatment, mainly Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). L-asparaginase reduces the blood supply of L-asparagine needed by cancer cells to survive. The commercially approved L-asparaginase by the FDA originated from E. coli and E. chrysantemi. However, reports of immunogenic effects in more than 50% of cases due to the use of these enzymes have become the driving force for the need to explore other sources of L-asparaginase. In this review, various alternative sources of L-asparaginase other than these two microbes will be explained. Microbes from the group of Gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi produce L-asparaginase with a higher affinity for L-asparagine than L-glutamine. Protein engineering is an alternative strategy to produce L-asparaginase that is not recognized by antibodies to reduce the immune reaction. Besides, the fermentation process also needs to be considered to determine the appropriate substrate and bioprocess system to obtain the enzyme
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PHYCOCYANIN PEPTIDES FROM SPIRULINA PLATENSIS THROUGH MULTIPLE MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY
No full textPeptides derived from the phycocyanin pigment of Spirulina plantesis were screened to identify potential natural antibacterial candidates. In silico protein hydrolysis was performed to obtain active peptides, and a multiple molecular docking (MLD) approach was used to to predict the synergistic mechanisms of various peptide combinations with their respective receptors. Nine phycocyanin peptides showed interaction values ranging from -5.1 to -6.0 kcal/mol, compared to the native ligand (BB-78485) with a value of -9.7 kcal/mol. The results demonstrated a synergistic effect, as the binding affinity of peptide combinations exceeded that of individual peptides and the native ligand. Hydrophobic bonds and van der Waals forces played a crucial role in binding to the active site of 2VES proteins. However, ADME studies revealed that two peptides, YCL and ASYF, had poor pharmacokinetic properties. Overall, this study highlights the potential of phycocyanin peptides as antibacterial agents through the application of MLD