Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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ISOLATION OF BACTERIA AS A BIOREMEDIATION AGENT FOR RECLAMATION OF MERCURY-CONTAMINATED SOILS
Get PDFGold mining commonly involves the use of mercury, which generates hazardous and toxic mercury-based waste, leading to soil contamination and adverse effects on human health. Bioremediation has been explored as a potential solution to this issue. This study aimed to identify indigenous microbial species with potential as bioremediation agents, assess their ability to influence chemical properties, and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing mercury content. The research was conducted in five stages: isolation of native bacteria, testing the potential of microorganisms, assessing the ability to reduce mercury, conducting soil tests, and identifying bacterial characteristics through microscopic and biochemical analyses. The results revealed three types of indigenous microbes, namely Pseudomonas, Neisseria, and Klebsiella bacteria, with the highest potential as bioremediation agents. These bacterial isolates were found to enhance the availability of phosphorus in the soil, maintain soil pH, but had no effect on total soil nitrogen. Furthermore, the bacterial isolates exhibited the ability to reduce mercury content after treatment with NA isolates
LIPID PRODUCTION FROM BR. 2.2 OLEAGINOUS FUNGAL ISOLATE USING ACETATE, GLYCEROL, AND MOLASSES AS CARBON SOURCES
Get PDFMicroorganisms that accumulate more than 20% of their dry cell weight as lipids are called oleaginous microorganisms. Oleaginous microorganisms can grow well on various carbon sources other than glucose. These non-glucose alternative carbon sources could potentially reduce high biofuel manufacturing costs. BR. 2.2 isolate is an oleaginous fungus that accumulates 0.62 g L-1 lipids using glucose as a carbon source. This study aims to determine the effect of acetate, glycerol, molasses, and C/N ratios on lipid accumulation of the BR.2.2 isolate. The highest lipid produced by the BR. 2.2 isolate using acetate is 0.196 g L-1 at a C/N ratio of 400, 0.229 g L-1 at a C/N ratio of 225 using glycerol, and 1.97 g L-1 at a C/N ratio of 25 using molasses in 144 hours of incubation. The results revealed that the accumulation of lipids increased with the rising acetate and glycerol C/ N ratios and incubation period. Meanwhile, the accumulation of lipids decreased with increasing molasses C/N ratio
TOTAL LIGNIN CONTENT AND AGROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTER DIVERSITIES OF 30 INDONESIAN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) ACCESSIONS
Get PDFLignin is one of lignocellulosic components in vascular plants, essential in plant mechanical properties, water transport, and defense against pathogens. Furthemore, lignin has been applied in various industry. This study aimed to explore variation of lignin content and its-related morphological traits of Indonesian rice accessions, providing beneficial information for breeding approaches to improve utilization characteristics of grass biomass. Therefore, the total lignin contents of thirty Indonesian rice accessions using Thioglycolic Acid Lignin (TGAL) method and their correlation to seven agromorphological characters using Pearson correlation analysis were investigated. Variation of lignin content ranged from 8.38 to 20.75% (of cell wal residue, CWR), and the average value was 13.55%. Correlation analysis showed that lignin total positively correlated with plant height, stem length, panicle length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, and panicle weight per tiller. On the other hand, the number of tillers had a significantly negative correlation to lignin contents
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DIVERSITY IN FOUR POPULATIONS OF INDONESIAN FRESHWATER GIANT PRAWN (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Get PDFMitochondrial DNA has been widely applied to analyze fish genetic diversity, especially the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, which can be used as a marker of typical variation patterns, both intraspecific and interspecific crossbreeding. Haplotype diversity was observed in four populations of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) originating from Peureulak River in Aceh, Tabuk River in South Kalimantan, Bengawan Solo River in East Java, and the Siratu strain. Haplotype diversity was observed in the mitochondrial DNA COI gene of 1516 bp and restricted using 5 enzymes, namely AvaII, MspI, RsaI, HaeIII, and TaqI. The diversity of mtDNA COI haplotypes in the population of Peureulak River, Tabuk River, Bengawan Solo River, and Siratu were 0.8183, 0.6222, 0.7461, and 0.8044, respectively. The dendrogram of genetic distance showed that the Bengawan Solo River populations and the Siratu strain were in the same cluster, while Peureulak River and Tabuk River populations were in another group. The four populations can be used as genetic sources in crossbreeding activities based on haplotype data for each population, haplotype diversity, and genetic distance
BIOTECHNOLOGY OF PRODIGIOSIN: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
Get PDFBackground: Prodigiosin is produced by Serratia marcescens. It has several pharmacological benefits, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antidaibetic. However, prodigiosin production still faces problems because it cannot be produced effectively, efficiently, and cheaply. Objective: This study aimed to conduct a review that can explain the upstream and the downstream process in prodigiosin production. Methods: Articles were searched from PubMed and ScienceDirect with the keywords prodigiosin and Serratia marcescens from Juny until September 2023 including review and original article. Relevant data and information were then extracted. Results: Prodigiosin has spectrometrical characteristics, which are crucial for evaluating its production, extraction, and purification identification. Submerged or solid-state fermentation is applicable for prodigiosin production, but solid-state fermentation is better. The kind of growing substrates and the cultural condition influence it. The use of oil-based carbon sources is recommended for the high productivity of prodigiosin. In order to have a cheap, effective, and efficient production process, different experiments have been conducted. Standard extraction and purification methods can carry out the downstream process. Conclusion: Prodigiosin can be produced via submerged or solid-state fermentation. Using cheap and readily available substrate are the key to success for the upstream and downstream process. The standard extraction and purification methods are available.This findings can be used as a basis for further research regarding large-scale production of prodigiosin with the cheap, effective, and efficient methode
IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF SYMBIONT BACTERIA DIVERSITY IN THE MIDGUT OF Aedes aegypti USING 16S rDNA MOLECULAR MARKERS DATABASE
Get PDFDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes when they feed on human blood. To effectively control the DHF vector, it is crucial to accurately characterize the symbiont bacteria associated with Ae. aegypti through an in-silico approach to identify potential targets. This study utilized in- silico analysis based on the 16S rDNA molecular marker to explore the diversity of symbiont bacteria obtained from bioinformatics databases. The analysis and visualization of bacterial diversity were conducted using the Pathosystem Resource Integration Center (PATRIC). The analysis results revealed that bacterial diversity in the midgut of Ae. aegypti, categorized as culturable and non-culturable bacteria, exhibited similar abundance patterns at the family level, albeit with varying detection rates. The most dominant taxa included the phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria, order Enterobacterales, and family Enterobacteriaceae. Within the culturable bacteria category, the dominant taxa were the genus Salmonella and species Salmonella enterica, whereas the non-culturable bacteria category indicated the prevalence of the genus Escherichia and species Escherichia coli
ROOT INDUCTION ON THE SHOOTS OF RUBBER TREE (Hevea brasiliensis) CLONE PB 260 THROUGH EX VITRO TECHNIQUE
Get PDFRubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a crucial plantation commodity for Indonesia's national development. However, the country's rubber productivity lags behind that of other rubber-producing nations. To address this, propagating rubber plants from superior clones through ex-vitro techniques becomes essential.. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentrations of IBA and NAA for root induction in rubber tree shoot explants. A factorial complete randomized design was employed, with the first factor being IBA concentration (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) and the second factor being NAA concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm). The results revealed that the percentage of surviving explants after induction with IBA and NAA did not significantly differ. The rooted explants were obtained using the following treatments: IBA 200 ppm and NAA 0 ppm, IBA 200 ppm and NAA 50 ppm, IBA 300 ppm and NAA ppm, and IBA 400 ppm and NAA 0 ppm. Various concentrations of IBA and NAA did not significantly affect root formation in rubber tree shoot explants
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Chaetoceros calcitrans AGAINST PATHOGEN Staphylococcus aureus AND Staphylococcus epidermidis CAUSING SKIN INFECTION
Get PDFThe microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans has potential as a natural antibacterial but is rarely applied to pathogens that cause skin infections such as Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum concentration of C. calcitrans extract to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of C. calcitrans was tested by the Kirby Bauer diffusion method. The results showed that C. calcitrans extract dissolved in DMSO with the concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 25 mg mL-1 could produce inhibition zones on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The average diameter of the largest inhibition zone resulted in the concentration of 25 mg mL-1, namely 10.1 ± 0.5 mm in S. aureus and 9.3 ± 0.5 mm in S. epidermidis. It can be concluded that the extract of C. calcitrans has antibacterial activity against bacteria that cause skin infections S. aureus and S. epidermidis with the optimum concentration of 25 mg mL-1
ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT INCREASED SPATIAL MEMORY BUT NO SINGNIFICANT EFFECT ON ANXIETY IN RAT WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL INDUCTION
Get PDFoai:ejournal.brin.go.id:article/1032This study aims to determine the effect of environmental enrichment on spatial memory and anxiety in Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced thyroid disorder rats. The design of this study was an experimental post test and controlled group design to analyze differences in spatial memory in rats at the end of the study. The subjects in this study were normal rat pups and Rat with PTU induction. Subjects were divided into 4 groups namely, the control group, the normal group with environmental enrichment, the rat group with PTU induction, and the rat group with PTU induction with environmental enrichment. Each group consisted of 8 rats. At the time the rats were born, the rats were given 0.025% PTU which was mixed in their drink and given to the mother until the rats were born until they were 4 weeks old. Environmental enrichment was carried out for 6 weeks. The spatial memory test in Rat was carried out when the pups were 60 days old. Data analysis used One Way Annova, Kruskal Wallis, Post Hoc Test and Mann-Whitney Test. Enrichment of the environment increased the learning latency time of normal rats by 27.8 ± 1.509 seconds to 9.9 ± 4.434 seconds with memory retention increasing by 6.85% (p <0.05). Environmental enrichment in PTU-induced rats accelerated from 84.5 ± 8.70 to 77 ± 1.383 with memory retention increasing by 7.06% (p <0.05). Environmental enrichment did not significantly affect the behavior and anxiety of normal rats or PTU induced (p>0.05). Environmental enrichment to normal rats and impaired thyroid function can increase spatial memory but has no effect on reducing anxiety
OPTIMIZATION OF INTRANASAL COVID-19 VACCINE FORMULATION WITH Lactococcus lactis pNZ HCR BACTERIA AS VECTOR IN LIQUID AEROSOL PREPARATION
Get PDFVaccination is an effective method to suppress COVID-19 transmission, but injection-based vaccination is less effective due to its inability to induce mucosal immunity. This study aimed to determine the effects of vaccine formulations on bacteria viability and antigen expression to find the optimal formulation. Three intranasal preparation formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were created with different ingredient compositions, along with a control. Physicochemical tests were conducted on day 0 and day 14 to assess bacterial viability, and antigen expression was evaluated using the western blot method. Formula 2, containing sodium alginate (0.615%), trehalose (4.125%), polyvinyl alcohol (0.1%), and calcium chloride (5%), exhibited the best viability test results, although no significant differences were observed among the groups. The study concluded that variations in composition concentrations could affect bacterial stability, with Formula 2 showing the best results in terms of bacteria viability and antigen expression up to 14 days after formulation