Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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KINEMATICS OF SPERMATOZOA IN FRESH AND FROZEN SEMEN OF PESISIR CATTLE
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the quality and kinematics of spermatozoa in fresh and frozen semen of coastal cattle. Semen of coastal cattle was collected using an artificial vagina from 2 males, fresh semen was tested and frozen using tris egg yolk diluent. Fresh and frozen semen of coastal cattle were evaluated using a Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA). This study used a t-test analysis by comparing the quality and kinematics of spermatozoa of fresh semen and frozen semen of coastal cattle. The parameters observed were macroscopic, microscopic and CASA quality observations. The results showed the kinematics of fresh and frozen semen motility (83.83%; 71.68%) and the kinematics of progressive motility of fresh and frozen semen (80.81%; 59.56%). Based on the results of the t-test analysis, it was found that t count > t table, the kinematics of fresh semen spermatozoa had a significant effect on the frozen semen of Pesisir cattle on the motility of fresh semen and frozen semen, on the progressive motility of fresh semen and frozen semen. The characteristic values of kinematics in fresh semen and frozen semen of Pesisir cattle were respectively velocity curvilinear (VCL) 178.94 μm/s and 108.52 μm/s; velocity straight line (VSL) 96.61 μm/s and 49.34 μm/s; velocity average path (VAP) 114.99 μm/s and 64.04 μm/s; linearity (LIN) 0.53% and 0.44%; straightness (STR) 0.83% and 0.75%; wobble (WOB) 0.64% and 0.58%; lateral head displacement (ALH) amplitude 5.83 μm and 5.15 μm; beat cross frequency (BCF) 35.28 Hz and 24.65 Hz. The kinematics of fresh and frozen semen spermatozoa significantly affect the value of motility characteristics. The conclusion of the results of this study is that there is a decrease in the quality of fresh semen kinematics and frozen semen kinematics spermatozoa on the value of motility characteristics, namely on the speed of spermatozoa at the velocity curvilinear (VCL), velocity straight line (VSL), and velocity average path (VAP), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), and wobble (WOB) and on the distance value of spermatozoa amplitude lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF)
CURRENT UNDERSTANDING IN THE ROLES OF WNT/RYK SIGNALING IN DEVELOPMENT AND HOMEOSTASIS
Full text linkWnt/Ryk signaling represents a critical yet underexplored branch of the Wnt pathway, with significant roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. While canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been extensively studied, emerging research highlights Ryk as a key noncanonical Wnt co-receptor influencing processes such as convergent extension, organogenesis, stem cell regulation, and inflammation. Wnt/Ryk signaling mediates diverse cellular outcomes through interactions with ligands like Wnt5a and Wnt11 and exhibits complex crosstalk with canonical pathways. Its dysregulation has been linked to developmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer progression. This review summarizes current insights into Wnt/Ryk function during development and homeostasis, highlights its relevance in human health, and identifies open questions regarding its molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. A deeper understanding of this pathway may offer novel strategies for regenerative medicine and targeted treatments for Wnt-related diseases
OPTIMIZATION AND EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME PCR FOR LEPTOSPIRA SPP. DIAGNOSIS BASED ON THE LIPL32 GENE
Full text linkLeptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic infection that endangers the health of both humans and animals, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, timely, sensitive and specific laboratory confirmation is essential for early clinical management. The LipL32 gene is a highly conserved virulence factor in pathogenic Leptospira. Real-time PCR provides rapid detection with high sensitivity and specificity. This study optimized real-time PCR conditions by evaluating annealing temperatures (60°C, 61°C, 62°C), primer concentrations (500 nM, 700 nM, 900 nM), and probe concentrations (250 nM, 300 nM). PCR efficiency was analyzed using absolute quantification with serial DNA dilutions (100 to 10⁻⁴). The optimal conditions were 60°C annealing temperature, 500 nM primers, and 300 nM probes. Near-ideal efficiency (97%) was achieved at 60°C with 500 nM primers and 250 nM or 300 nM probes, while 103% efficiency was observed at 61°C with 500 nM primers and 250 nM probes. This optimization enhances Leptospira detection accuracy using real-time PCR
VIOLACEIN: IT'S ANTICANCER PROPERTIES
Full text linkViolacein is a bacterial secondary product with various bioactivities, including anticancer activities. This narrative review aimed to evaluate anticancer potentials based on its modes of action, either at cellular, subcellular, or molecular levels or in tumour microenvironment. At cellular level, violacein can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and cell differentiation. At subcellular level, violacein can modulate processes in mitochondria. At molecular level, violacein can generate reactive oxygen species, attenuate inflammation, repair oncogenes, upregulate suppression genes, inhibit or activate several cancer vital enzymes, and control various signalling pathways. Violacein indirectly influences communication between cancer cells and their tumour microenvironment by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and inhibiting metalloproteinases and angiogenesis. Violacein inactivates several signalling pathways, including MAPK, Akt/NF-kB, JAK2/STAT3, and TGFβ, which are essential for cancer cell development. Violacein is a promising anticancer drug candidate with broad coverage of various cancer diseases and diverse modes of action
BIOREMEDIATION FORMULA: SPORULATION INDUCTION AND ENDOSPORE STABILITY OF Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 IN BIO-OSD
Full text linkOil-based soil pollution is a pressing global environmental issue and has serious impacts on ecosystems and human health. Hydrocarbon compounds, especially heavy fractions, are persistent and difficult to decompose naturally in a short time, thus requiring intervention to accelerate the environmental recovery process. This research focuses on developing strategies to increase the effectiveness of oil-contaminated soil degradation. The development of a palm oil-based oil spill dispersant (Bio-OSD) combined with bacterial endospores of Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 offers an innovative approach to bioremediation. This particular bacterial endospore was selected for its capacity to sustain the viability of a potent biological agent until the point of application. The bacterial growth process was monitored to determine the optimal harvesting time by measuring optical density (OD600) at hourly intervals using a spectrophotometer until the stationary phase was reached. Following the harvesting of bacterial cells, various stressors were applied to stimulate sporulation, which included high-temperature incubation (80°C), nutrient deprivation, and their synergistic combination. The efficacy of the sporulation process was validated through endospore staining with malachite green. The resultant endospore pellets were integrated into the Bio-OSD and subjected to viability assessments every three days over a 24-day period using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The biodegradative capacity of the Bio-OSD containing endospores was evaluated through the analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation in artificially contaminated soils (3%) across a 28-day incubation. Findings indicated that optimal bacterial cell production occurred in Nutrient Broth, with peak harvesting at 40 hours. Moreover, the most effective sporulation was attained under combined stress conditions specifically, exposure to high temperature (80 °C for 24 hours) concomitant with nutrient deprivation (NaCl 0,85%) as demonstrated by the presence of green-stained endospores. This study provides evidence that Bio-OSD functions effectively as a stable carrier medium for bacterial endospores over a period of up to 24 days. The Bio-OSD formulation incorporating Bacillus pseudomycoides RAY21 endospores demonstrated the capability to degrade 78% of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in petroleum-contaminated soil after 28 days of incubation. This degradation efficiency was significantly superior to that of the control treatment, which achieved a mere 32% degradation under the same laboratory conditions. To enhance the understanding and application of this approach, further investigations are recommended to be conducted on a larger scale, along with optimization analyses, to facilitate the development of more sustainable environmental remediation
THE VAPOR OF LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon nardus) ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE DIFFUSER AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT AND TRANQUILIZER
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic and dengue fever present significant health challenges, especially in tropical regions such as Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the potential of citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus) vapor, delivered via a diffuser, as both a tranquilizer and mosquito repellent. Citronella oil was isolated by water distillation and analyzed through GC-MS and TLC. The tranquilizing effect was evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), while the mosquito repellent activity was tested against Aedes aegypti. Results showed that citronella oil contains key compounds such as citronellal, eugenol, cytronellol acetate and geraniol acetate. DASS scores decreased after exposure to citronella oil vapor, indicating its tranquilizing effect. In the mosquito repellent test, citronella oil caused a 68% mortality rate in Aedes aegypti after 60 minutes. These findings suggest that citronella essential oil vapor from diffusers is effective as both a tranquilizer and mosquito repellent
DECOLORIZATION OF TEXTILE DYES WITH CRUDE LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES FROM Coriolopsis caperata
Full text linkThe textile industry is a major contributor to global water pollution, releasing an estimated 280,000 tons of synthetic dyes annually into aquatic ecosystems. These dyes, particularly azo compounds, are often toxic, mutagenic, and resistant to conventional wastewater treatment methods. Microbial enzymatic degradation, especially by white-rot fungi, offers a promising eco-friendly alternative. This study aimed to optimize the production of ligninolytic enzymes—Laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP)—from Coriolopsis caperata, and assess their efficiency in degrading two azo dyes: Reactive Red 21 (RR21) and Reactive Orange 107 (RO107). The fungus, isolated from the Peat Swamp Forest in Sebangau, Central Kalimantan, was cultured in a modified glucose-peptone medium enriched with veratryl alcohol. The optimization parameters included variations in time, dye concentration, and the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Enzyme activity was quantified spectrophotometrically, and dye decolorization was assessed over time at different dye concentrations. Among the enzymes, Lac showed the highest activity (4938.05 U/L), followed by LiP (995.26 U/L) and MnP (246.47 U/L). These values notably exceed several previously reported benchmarks for fungal enzyme activity. RO107 demonstrated greater susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, with 83.71% decolorization achieved at 24 hours, while RR21 reached 65.71% at 48 hours. The addition of 1 mM H₂O₂ significantly enhanced decolorization, increasing RR21 and RO107 removal to 95.71% and 99.30%, respectively. These results underscore the oxidative synergy between H₂O₂ and ligninolytic enzymes, particularly LiP and MnP. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential scalability of C. caperata-based enzymatic treatment systems for textile effluent bioremediation, supporting compliance with environmental discharge regulations and contributing to sustainable wastewater management
RECENT UPDATE OF ZERUMBONE AS ANTI-COLON CANCER AGENT: A REVIEW
Full text linkColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with limited effective therapies due to drug resistance and adverse effects. Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, has emerged as a promising natural anticancer agent. This review examines zerumbone's anti-colorectal cancer properties, including induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, inhibition of invasion and metastasis, anti-angiogenic activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, zerumbone demonstrates antioxidant properties, modulates gut microbiota composition, and targets multiple signaling pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis. Structure-activity relationship studies reveal the critical role of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group in its bioactivity. Despite promising preclinical evidence, clinical validation remains necessary to establish zerumbone's therapeutic potential for colorectal cancer management
EFFECTS OF ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN CATTLE: A REVIEW
Full text linkZinc is a vital micronutrient involved in various reproductive processes in cattle. This review aims to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on cattle reproductive performance by analyzing research articles sourced from Scopus and PubMed databases. Findings indicate that zinc supplementation, provided in either organic or inorganic forms, positively influences reproductive parameters. In bulls, zinc enhances sperm motility, viability, and ejaculate volume. In female cattle, supplementation modulates endocrine hormone levels during both pre-calving and post-calving periods. Moreover, appropriate zinc dosages and supplementation durations contribute to improved reproductive efficiency in cows. These results support the conclusion that zinc supplementation is effective in enhancing reproductive performance in cattle
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BULL SPERM MOTILITY AND CONCENTRATION: CONVENTIONAL METHODS VERSUS PORTABLE ANDROSCOPE CASA SYSTEM
Full text linkOperational implementation, such as laboratory staff and equipment, differ for each frozen semen producer, resulting in variability in the quality assessment of the frozen semen produced. Conventional assessments subject to subjectivity, human error, and high variability. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) is considered more objective. This study aimed was to conduct a comparative analysis of motility and concentration assessment of frozen semen sperm using conventional and the portable CASA AndroScope. Twenty-one laboratory assistants from 21 national and regional frozen semen producers participated in this study. Sperm motility and concentration were assessed conventionally (using a Neubauer chamber) and AndroScope was used with five replicates. The results of the comparison of sperm motility scores revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between conventional examination and using AndroScope. The results of the comparison of the sperm concentration calculations revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the calculations performed using the Neubauer chamber and AndroScope. Assessment with the AndroScope is considered reliable and can replace conventional assessment in assessing motility and sperm concentration, thereby improving and standardizing the assessment performed by frozen semen producers