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Ethnic Differences in Genetic and Epigenetic Factors Related to Male Infertility: A Narrative Review
No full textMale infertility causes problems in 7% of worldwide men which creates major difficulties for reproductive health and family planning. A combination of genetic factors and epigenetic factors with environmental elements and lifestyle choices creates causes of this condition. The treatment options available through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) give hope to couples yet we still know only a few aspects of genetic and epigenetic influences related to male infertility. Studies regarding ethnic differences have demonstrated that infertility incidence rates together with biological causes show substantial variation between different cultural groups. The differences become visible through both genetic mutation frequencies along with alterations in epigenetic controls of reproductive functions. Male infertility suffers from genetic elements that comprise Y-chromosome microdeletions and gene mutations in addition to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Fewer studies have been conducted on different ethnic groups because their occurrence rates between populations show significant differences. The development of sperm cells depends critically on epigenetic processes which include DNA methylation and histone modification mechanisms. The modifications affect spermatogenesis and result from genetic factors along with environmental conditions that include diet and lifestyle habits and toxic exposures where these variances differ among ethnic groups. The understanding of genetic and epigenetic variations across ethnic populations creates essential effects on diagnosing and treating male infertility. The use of ethnic-specific profiles for diagnostic and treatment selection enhances both accuracy rates and treatment success outcomes. The analysis of ethnic differences makes the possibility of developing targeted reproductive healthcare initiatives along with methods to decrease reproductive health inequality. The article investigates the ways that genetic along epigenetic variations between ethnic populations affect male infertility rates. This review brings together existing knowledge while demonstrating unmet needs to underline the need for ethnic perspectives in studies involving infertility. The research advances methods for developing better specific diagnoses and treatment options for male infertility worldwide
Assessment of Air Pollutant Concentration Levels in High and Low Traffic Density Areas in Urban City: A Case of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
No full textVehicular emissions are a major source of air pollution, affecting air quality and human health. Port Harcourt faces increasing pollution due to high traffic, but the patterns and influencing factors are not well studied. This research examines air pollutant levels in high- and low-traffic areas, considering the effects of traffic and weather conditions. This was done to determine the pattern of air pollution concentrations in the city’s high and low traffic density zones. Five locations—Ozuoba, Umuechi, Rumuokoro, Rumuola, and Ada George—were chosen based on traffic density, and the concentrations of air pollutants and particle matter were tracked there. This is with the view to understand the extent traffic contributes to vehicular pollution and its consequences on human health. MX6 Ibrid Multigas Monitors (CO, VOC, SO2, NO2), MET ONE GT 321 for particle matter, Davis Vantage Vue and Weather Station for meteorological data, were used to monitor the quality of the air. The number of cars traveling through a site during three hours in the morning, afternoon, and nighttime was counted to create traffic records at the chosen places. Over two years (2018-2019), every parameter was observed in every site five days a week. PCA, t-test, One-way ANOVA, correlation, and regression were used to evaluate the data, were needed. The mean concentration of all pollutants was substantially (p < 0.001) greater in high-traffic density areas (HTDA) than in low-traffic density areas (LTDA), according to the results. CO (5.20±3.11-23.49±11.67 ppm), SO2 (0.03±0.02-0.28±0.25 ppm), NO2 (0.05±0.05-0.37±0.31 ppm), PM2.5 (67.18±37.33-189.63±77.10μg/m3), PM10 (65.90±45.04- 175.29±65.07 μg/m3), and VOC (0.06±0.07-0.37±0.36 ppm) were among the range of mean concentrations. Between 2018 and 2019, there was a substantial (p < 0.01) variation in the levels of CO and VOC, while other variables were similar. The concentrations of the other pollutants were similar (P>0.05), while the VOC concentrations differed significantly (p<0.05) between January and December. It was discovered that while weather variables including temperature, humidity, and wind speed had a major impact on the contaminants’ distribution, traffic volume greatly contributed to their concentration. Pollutants and meteorological elements are loaded into two components, according to principal component analysis. The major factor includes all of the pollutants and traffic volume, while the minor factor was the weather-related parameters. The study concluded that there was a distinctive pattern of air pollutant emissions in the studied area and that, although traffic levels greatly influence the pollutants’ concentration, meteorological factors also had an impact. Also, pollutants emitted from vehicles advanced over the years, thereby threatening human health. Among other things, it was suggested that air quality monitors be installed at various traffic crossings to track exhaust emissions levels for improved regulation and impact checks
Study of Bioethanol Accumulation in Dairy Whey Using Immobilized Yeast Cells
No full textDairy whey, that is a byproduct from cheese production, is not only an environmental challenge, but also an energy renewable enabler. This study investigates the accumulation of bioethanol in dairy whey using immobilized yeast cells. The aim was to test the ethanol production by the immobilized yeast cultures onto different sorbents. Yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae AI1, Kluyveromyces marxianus AC1, and Rhodotorula lactose SR were employed singly and in co-cultures and immobilized onto sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, and carrageenan matrices. Sodium alginateentrapped yeast cells lost their ethanol-accumulating power whereas polyvinyl alcoholand carrageenan-immobilized yeast cells exhibited good bioethanol productivity. The highest ethanol yields were attained from S. cerevisiae AI1 were 2.55% and 2.42% after 48 hours, while K. marxianus AC1 produced 2.25% and 2.62% under the same conditions. These results demonstrate that immobilized yeast cell technology offers a promising approach for sustainable bioethanol production from dairy industry
Algorithm for Organizing and Implementing Immunization Against Cervical Cancer: A Literature Review
No full textCervical cancer ranks among the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality among women. The persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the primary etiological factor in the development of this pathology. Currently, HPV vaccination is considered a highly effective preventive measure, with its efficacy in preventing cervical cancer well-documented. This review analyzes contemporary scientific data on algorithms for organizing and implementing immunization within the framework of cervical cancer prevention. It explores the experience of introducing immunization programs in various countries, identifies target age groups, and evaluates the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Furthermore, the review examines epidemiological and social barriers to integrating vaccination into healthcare systems. Based on the analysis of the literature, optimal organizational and methodological approaches aimed at improving the effectiveness of immunization programs have been identified
Association of normal-range fetal heart rate variations during labor with umbilical cord arterial blood gas parameters and neonatal outcomes: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is a routine, non-invasive method for assessing fetal well-being during labor. However, its low sensitivity and high false-positive rate often lead to unnecessary cesarean deliveries. While fetal scalp blood sampling offers a more accurate assessment of intrauterine hypoxia, it is invasive, technically challenging, and prone to failure.
Objective: To evaluate the association between intrapartum FHR beat-to-beat variability (within the normal range) and umbilical cord arterial blood gas parameters, and to assess their predictive value for neonatal outcomes, such as Apgar scores and acidosis.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study reviewed medical records of all mothers who had delivered at Yas hospital, Tehran, Iran between August and December 2022. A total of 120 women with term, singleton pregnancies (≥ 37 wk) who were candidates for vaginal delivery were included. FHR monitoring was conducted on admission and 30 min before delivery. Umbilical cord arterial blood gas analysis was performed immediately after birth. Neonates were grouped based on cord pH < 7.2 (acidosis) vs. ≥ 7.2 (non-acidosis).
Results: 17 neonates (14.2%) had pH < 7.2. The acidosis group had significantly lower beat-to-beat variability at both time points (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001) and greater variability reduction during labor (p < 0.001). Cesarean rates and lower Apgar scores were significantly more frequent. Multiple regression analysis confirmed associations between reduced variability, neonatal acidosis, and lower Apgar scores.
Conclusion: Even within normal limits, reduced FHR variability may signal fetal compromise. Monitoring variability trends could enhance intrapartum care and neonatal outcomes
Expression of GLUT-1 and SGLT-2 in the Chorioretina of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats After Administration of Empagliflozin
No full textPurpose: To assess the effect of empagliflozin on the expression of SGLT-2 and GLUT-1 in the chorioretina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: An in vivo experimental study was performed on Wistar rats. After a 2-week adaptation period, the rats were allocated to one of four groups. The group allocations were as follows: (K1) negative control (no intervention); (K2) positive control injected with streptozotocin (STZ) without treatment; (K3) positive control injected with STZ and treated with metformin; and (K4) positive control injected with STZ and treated with empagliflozin. SGLT-2 and GLUT-1 expressions were examined using the Western blot technique.Results: SGLT-2 was expressed in the chorioretinal tissue of all groups; administration of SGLT-2 inhibitors could suppress its expression. The average band thickness indicated that SGLT-2 expression was higher in diabetic rats compared to rats with normal sugar levels. GLUT-1 expression was noticed in all groups based on the chorioretinal examination. It did not change in the metformin group, whereas the empagliflozin group showed a significant decrease in the GLUT-1 expression. Conclusion: Both metformin and empagliflozin suppress the expression of SGLT-2 and GLUT-1 in the chorioretina of diabetic rats. In comparison, empagliflozin seems to be more potent in reducing this expression
The Impact of Online Collaborative International Learning Projects on Enhancing Public Speaking Skills and Intercultural Awareness among Students at the American University of Ras Al Khaimah
No full textThis research draws on the experience of an English language teacher participating in a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) project in the field of education. A virtual collaboration took place between two higher education institutions located on opposite sides of the world: the United States and the United Arab Emirates. Asynchronous teaching methods were used to engage English language learners in collaborative work with students from other countries in a public speaking course. Students worked both individually and in groups to complete the public speaking project. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher collected both quantitative and qualitative data at the end of the project to understand the perceptions of American University of Ras Al Khaimah students about the activities they participated in. The results revealed positive student perceptions of the benefits they gained from the project. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends continuing the use of COIL projects at universities because of their effective role in developing language and learning skills, as well as enhancing intercultural awareness. He also recommends training professors on how to prepare and use these projects effectively in teaching English
Proceedings Abstracts: Dubai Health Research Conference, November 15-17, 2024, Dubai, UAE
No full textOverview: The inaugural Dubai Health Research Conference (DHRC) was held from November 15 to 17th, 2024, during which a diverse range of research topics were presented, reflecting the commitment of Dubai Health and the broader UAE to advancing healthcare through innovation and interdisciplinary research. The conference covered a broad spectrum of disciplines including basic biomedical science, translational research, clinical studies, public health, digital health, artificial intelligence in healthcare, surgical innovations, health professions education, quality improvement, and policy development. The objective of the conference was to showcase state-of-the-art research in which members of Dubai Health were actively involved, both locally in Dubai and internationally.
Methods: Abstracts were submitted to the Conference Scientific Committee and underwent a peer-review process. Selected abstracts were classified for either oral presentations or poster presentations. Each submission followed a structured abstract format with sections for Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. For Case Reports, the Methods and Results sections were replaced by Case Report. Consent to publish the abstract was obtained from the corresponding authors. Previously published abstracts were excluded, to ensure compliance with the journal’s copyright policies. Additionally, those abstracts that seemed unsuitable for publication and for which consent was not obtained, were excluded.
Results: A total of 316 abstracts were submitted, of which 32 were accepted for oral presentations and 235 for poster presentations. Of the 267 abstracts presented at the conference, 55 were excluded from these published proceedings (49 previously published, 3 unsuitable, 2 without consent and 1 not completed abstract). As a result, 212 abstracts were included in this compilation, consisting of 23 oral presentations (10.8%) and 189 poster presentations (89.2%).
Conclusion: This collection of abstracts from the 2024 Dubai Health Research Conference provides a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge research conducted by faculty, clinicians, staff, and learners at Dubai Health. It highlights not only the institution’s dedication to advancing healthcare through research but also Dubai and the UAE’s commitment to promoting improved health outcomes through interdisciplinary discovery and innovation. This proceedings compilation reflects the growing momentum in research excellence across a variety of healthcare domains, and positions Dubai Health as a leading hub for scientific inquiry and healthcare advancement in the region
Safety and Risk Management in the UAE’s Barakah Nuclear Plant
No full textThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) has pioneered nuclear energy development in the Arab world through the establishment of the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant, a strategic project aimed at diversifying energy sources and reducing carbon emissions. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical case study design, employing mixed-methods to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant. It evaluates existing safety protocols, identifies residual risks, and offers actionable recommendations to strengthen nuclear safety governance in the UAE and across the broader MENA region.
We systematically identify and evaluate eight critical risk categories: nuclear waste management, radiation exposure, cooling system failures, natural disaster vulnerability, security threats, operational errors, environmental impact, and emergency preparedness. Each risk is assessed by likelihood and severity, with residual risk levels analyzed post-mitigation. Findings indicate that while inherent nuclear risks exist, Barakah’s robust engineering controls, regulatory oversight by FANR, international cooperation, and defense-in-depth protocols establish a strong safety foundation. The study further evaluates existing safety protocols, identifies residual vulnerabilities, and offers actionable recommendations to enhance nuclear safety governance, not only for Barakah but as a reference model for emerging nuclear programs in arid environments across the MENA region. This research contributes novel insights into nuclear risk management under regional climatic and institutional conditions, supporting the UAE’s vision for sustainable, secure, and responsible energy transition
The Role of Experiential Branding in Fostering Destination Brand Loyalty Among Rural Tourists
No full textThis study explores how experiential branding influences destination brand loyalty (DBL) among rural tourists, focusing on destination brand experience (DBE) as a key driver. Despite the rise of rural tourism, little research has examined how experiences shape long-term tourist loyalty. Guided by the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) framework, DBE is conceptualized through key experiential dimensions, including sensory, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, spiritual, and social interactions. Using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach, qualitative interviews first identified relevant experience elements, followed by a quantitative survey to test relationships among DBE, brand value, satisfaction, attachment, and loyalty. Results show that DBE significantly enhances perceived brand value and satisfaction, which foster emotional attachment and loyalty. The findings contribute to theory by extending experiential branding to rural tourism and offer practical guidance for creating meaningful, loyalty-driven visitor experiences. This positions DBE as a strategic tool for rural destinations seeking competitive and sustainable growth