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STUDY OF PROPOXUR DEGRADING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS SAMPLING SITE OF RICE FIELD FROM NGAWI
Full text linkPropoxur (2-isopropoxyphenyl-N-methylcarbamate) is a carbamateinsecticide which has negative impact on the environment. Propoxur is readily degraded by soil microorganism in most soils. Increased enviromental degradation of propoxur constitute the result of increase in activities of soil pesticide-degrading bacteria. The aims of the present study are to isolate andscreen the bacteria with high potential ability to degradepropoxur from soil samples. Isolation and selection were carried out by enrichment cultures technique.Propoxur degrading bacteria were isolated from 5 soil samples in different locations of rice field from Ngawi. The biodegradation ofpropoxur by isolated bacteria were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Ten consorsia were selected and purified. One isolate was able to use propoxur at 3000 ppm as sole source of carbonfor the growth. The result suggested that H2-NG isolate hydrolysedpropoxur with the yield of 2-isopropoxyphenol and methylamine. Keywords: Ngawi, Isolation, Propoxur, Biodegradation, Bacteri
EFFECTS OF CHROMIUM ON PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE LEVELS IN THE MANTLE OF FRESHWATER MUSSEL Anodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834)
Full text linkChromium is one of the technical importance metals found in the aquatic environment at increasing concentrations, resulting from metallurgic, refractory, chemical, and tannery industries (Satyaparameshwar et al., 2006). The metal is known to be essential for all animals such as maintenance of normal glucose tolerance (Chassard-Bouchaud et al., 1989). It also involves in metabolisms of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and mineral substances (Pechova & Pavlata 2007). At elevated concentrations, chromium is toxic to mussels, resulting in changes of mRNA expression, immunomodulation, DNA stability, and stress response pathways (Franzellitti et al., 2012). Swan mussels (Anodonta woodiana) living at the interface of the free-flowing water and the sediment phase of many lotic freshwater ecosystems are known to accumulate metals in their body. Mussels require carbohydrates as main energy source for their metabolic processes (Honkoop et al., 1999). Proteins are also required by mussels for catalyzing biochemical reactions, transport and storage of molecules in and out, or within cells, and have structural and mechanical functions (Albert et al., 1994). Proteins and carbohydrates are also important components in the shell formation (Marie et al., 2007; Marin & Luquet 2004). Mantle secretes proteins and carbohydrates into extra pallial fluid, which is directly adjacent to the shell. The objective of this research was to study the effects of Cr on the protein and carbohydrate levels in the mantle of A. woodiana
Development of Biodiesel Plant Design Integrated with Palm Oil Mill for Diesel Fuel Substitution in Oil Palm Industry
Full text linkOne of the biodiesel production problems is the high price of plant oil as a raw material, causing the high cost of biodiesel in the market and less competitive compared to the diesel fossil fuel. Most biodiesel production plants which, are located far from the raw material source, especially from palm oil mill, and are not integrated with palm oil mill can cause the cost of raw material even higher, and hence increased biodiesel production cost. This problem needs to be anticipated and solved by integrating the biodiesel plant with the palm oil mill, so that some of the crude palm oil produced or off-grade palm oil recovered from POME can be processed and converted to biodiesel product. Biodiesel can further be used as diesel-substitute fuel for the operation of palm plantation and palm oil mill. With this integration concept, the investment and production costs can be less because of the availability of crude oil raw material and utilities (water, steam and electricity) in the palm oil mill. To implement the idea of integration strategy to become reality, the development of engineering design of biodiesel plant integrated with palm oil mill is needed with the consideration of some technical aspects of : (i) the internal need of diesel fuel, (ii) supply of raw material, (iii) the selected production process, (iv) the availability of utilities and, (v) calculation of estimated investment and production costs. The concept of integration is the combined and merged business of biodiesel production and palm plantation and oil mill. This concept will give the optimum profit and benefit for utilization of crude palm oil or off-grade palm oil for producing biodiesel to substitute the consumption of diesel fuel in the palm industries. Keywords: Biodiesel, Biodiesel Plant, Diesel Fuel Substitution, Integrated Biodiesel Plant, Palm Oil Mil
The Effect of Alternative Energy Utilization from Landfill on Methane Emission Reduction
Full text linkSupit Urang landfill is landfill that collected and used methane as an alternative energy source. Methane gas was produced by garbage in dumped in landfill which undergo decay and under certain conditions. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to measure the GHG emission reduction from the landfill through scavenging and distribution methane gas as alternative energy. The reduced waste tonnage was calculated for its GHG emission using methane emission calculation formula proposed by IPCC. Scavengers in Supit Urang landfill contribute to reduce 2, 3 % of paper, plastic and glass for about 0, 23 %, 0, 88 % and 0, 72 % respectively. The fraction of degradable waste sorted by the scavenger contribute to the GHG emission reduction for about 0.12 %. In 2018, estimate of potential methane gas are 5 828,90 ton CH4 and it will distribute to 319 households surrounding Supit Urang landfill as a fuel to cook. Manage the methane can reduce the risk of gas explosion and also can be solution to solve crisis of energy. Methane is a renewable energy, but just 0,7 % from total methane gas from Supit Urang Landfill that used by public. Keywords: alternative energy; garbage; landfill; methane; reduce; scaveng
UTILIZATION OF EUCHEUMA COTTONII AND EUCHEUMA SPINOSUM FLOUR IN NARROW-BARRED SPANISH MACKEREL MEATBALLS
Full text linkNarrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus spp.) is a species of fish that is widely preferred due to its high potential and economical value. This research is aimed to utilize seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum) to increase iodine and dietary fiber content of fish meatballs to help fulfill the daily needs of Indonesians. The first stage of this research was conducted to determine the best type and concentration of seaweed flour to be added to the fish meatballs dough. A series of seaweed flour addition concentration employed in this research are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% for each type of seaweed separately. Several factors put into consideration when selecting the best seaweed addition concentration were moisture content, texture, and organoleptic tests (scoring and hedonic). Through moisture content, gel strength, and organoleptic analysis, 2% Eucheuma cottonii was chosen to be added. Second stage of this research was conducted to compare the chosen meatball with control. The chosen fish meatball has better profile of moisture, fat, ash, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and iodine content compared to control. Dietary fiber and iodine content analysis showed that the chosen fish meatball contain 0.0046% dietary fiber and 102 mcg/100g iodine. Keywords: Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Eucheuma cottonii, Eucheuma spinosum, iodine content, dietary fiber