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Development of the Digital Comic Webtoon BERKELANA (Belajar Keragaman Alam Indonesia) as a Social Studies Learning Medium for Grade VIII SMP/MTs
No full textThe lack of engaging and technology-based media in social studies learning, particularly for the topic of Indonesia’s Natural Diversity, has resulted in low student interest and suboptimal learning outcomes. Previous studies on Webtoon-based learning media have been limited to economics, science, or history, often constrained by language complexity, long story structures, or insufficient student engagement. To address this gap, this study developed a digital comic entitled Webtoon BERKELANA (Belajar Keragaman Alam Indonesia) as an innovative medium for grade VIII SMP/MTs students. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate), the research was conducted until the development stage. The product was validated by a subject matter expert (97.2%) and media expert (96.4%), and further tested through a readability assessment with students (98%). The findings confirm that Webtoon BERKELANA is highly feasible, attractive, and easy to understand, effectively aligning with the digital habits of today’s learners. Theoretically, this study contributes to the advancement of constructivist-based learning media by integrating contextual and problem-based elements into a digital comic format. Practically, it provides teachers with an accessible and innovative resource to increase student engagement and comprehension in social studies learning
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas for Cataract Surgery in Patients with Keratoconus
No full textPurpose: To compare the refractive accuracy of different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in eyes with keratoconus (KCN) undergoing cataract surgery.
Methods: This retrospective case series included the medical records of patients with KCN who underwent optical biometry and cataract surgery with IOL implantation. The predicted spherical equivalent (SE) values were calculated using the Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, SRK/T, and SRK II formulas. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was performed for eyes with available data on anterior chamber depth to compare the accuracy of Haigis, Barrett Universal II, Barrett True-K, EVO 2.0, Kane, and Kane KCN formulas. The mean prediction error (PE), mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error, and the percentage of eyes within a PE of ±0.25 diopters (D), ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D, and ±1.00 D were calculated.
Results: Forty-seven eyes of 30 patients were included. The MAE was significantly different among the Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, SRK/T, and SRK II formulas. The Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q formulas led to a hyperopic refractive shift. The SRK/T and SRK II formulas tended toward a myopic refractive outcome. The MAE was lowest for the SRK/T formula (0.39 D), followed by the Holladay 1 (0.48 D), Hoffer Q (0.59 D), and SRK II (0.87 D). Statistical analysis revealed a significantly lower MAE for the SRK/T formula compared to the Hoffer Q and SRK II formulas (P < 0.05). The percentage of eyes within a PE of ±0.50 D was 70.2% for SRK/T, 57.44% for Holladay 1, 48.93% for Hoffer Q, and 29.78% for SRK II. The subgroup analysis comprising 11 eyes showed no significant difference among six other formulas (Haigis, Barrett Universal II, Barrett True K, EVO 2.0, Kane, and Kane KCN), with Barrett True-K having the least MAE.
Conclusion: The SRK/T was the most accurate IOL power calculation formula in this study, and Holladay 1 could be an alternative choice. SRK II had the lowest accuracy in predicting refractive outcomes. Among modern formulas, Barrett True-K demonstrated the highest accuracy in eyes with KCN
A Unique Collaboration Between Otolaryngology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Spine Surgery for Paraspinal Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Case Report and Systematic Review
No full textPurposeDesmoid-type fibromatosis is a rare, aggressive tumor of mesenchymal origin that mimics malignancy. Though non-metastasizing, desmoid tumors exhibit local invasion and tissue destruction with high rates of recurrence, leading to severe morbidity. However, there is no standard approach for management. Hence, we present the case of a 69-year-old male with cervicothoracic desmoid-type fibromatosis and conduct a systematic review to analyze the risk factors, treatment modalities, and recurrence.
MethodsAn extensive chart review of the patient was conducted, with special attention to contributing risk factors and follow-up examinations. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase with the terms ((vertebral) OR (spine)) AND (desmoid fibromatosis). Publications with desmoid-type fibromatosis at the cervical or cervicothoracic spine were included. A manual reference search was conducted to include all relevant publications.
ResultsOur patient’s tumor extended from the right anterolateral C3 to the T1 level, with C5-C7 vertebral infiltration. The patient underwent a radical neck dissection, hemithyroidectomy, and hemisternotomy for tumor resection. No spinal intervention or adjuvant medical therapy was utilized. His postoperative course was complicated by right vertebral artery occlusion and transient right-sided Horner syndrome. He was discharged on postoperative day 5 with no subsequent tumor recurrence or complications. Our systematic review resulted in 21 studies with 24 patients (8 males, 16 females) at an average age of 39.98±17.23 years. The most common treatment modality was resection (n=17, 70.83%). Five patients (20.83%) had concomitant spinal decompression with or without fusion. Recurrence occurred in three patients (12.5%), at an average of 7±5.57 months after initial intervention.
ConclusionIn our case report and systematic review, we found that resection is the most common treatment modality for paraspinal desmoid-type fibromatosis confined to the cervical or cervicothoracic spine, with minimal rates of recurrence. Depending on tumor localization and invasion, concomitant spinal intervention may not be necessary
Biohybrid Nanomaterials in Biomedicine: Current Trends and Future Prospects
No full textThe integration of biohybrid nanomaterials into dentistry represents a transformative approach to oral healthcare, offering tissue-mimetic solutions for oral health care. These advanced materials, including hydroxyapatite-based nanoparticles, bioactive glass, nanocellulose, peptide-based systems, and carbon-based nanomaterials, enable targeted therapies for enamel remineralization, dentin regeneration, antimicrobial action, and mechanical reinforcement of dental restorations. By leveraging their unique properties, such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, and stimuli-responsiveness, biohybrid nanomaterials address limitations of traditional dental materials, such as poor durability and lack of regenerative capabilities. This review highlights current applications in preventive and therapeutic dentistry, explores challenges related to scalability and safety, and discusses prospects for personalized and sustainable dental care
Emerging Nanotechnological Strategies in Salivary and Blood Biomarker Detection for Oral Cancer
No full textOral cancer, a leading cause of global mortality, is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods, resulting in poor survival rates. Nanobiotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach to address this challenge by enabling highly sensitive, minimally invasive, and rapid detection of cancer-associated biomarkers in early malignancies. Utilizing engineered nanostructures such as quantum dots, nanosensors, and functionalized particles, this technology allows precise identification of biomarkers CD44 (Cluster of Differentiation 44), IL6 (Interleukin-6), ctDNA (Circulating Tumor DNA) in saliva or blood at extremely low concentrations. Innovations, including portable pointof- care (POC) devices, nanomaterial-enhanced imaging, and lab-on-a-chip systems, streamline screening, offering real-time results while reducing dependence on invasive biopsies. Despite its promise, challenges such as material biocompatibility, regulatory approval, and scalability in low-resource settings remain significant. Future directions emphasize the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive diagnostics, the development of multiplexed biomarker panels for greater accuracy, and the creation of theranostic platforms that combine detection with targeted therapy. By uniting accuracy, speed, and accessibility, nanobiotechnology has the potential to transform oral cancer management, shifting care from late-stage treatment toward proactive early intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes worldwide
The Effect of Accelerated UV Aging on the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Leather with Palm Olein-based Epoxy Plasticizer
No full textThis study investigates the use of palm olein-based epoxy as a sustainable plasticizer for synthetic leather, with a focus on its durability under ultraviolet (UV) aging conditions. The research aimed to evaluate how incorporating palm olein-based epoxy influences the mechanical properties of synthetic leather compared to conventional petroleum- based plasticizers. A completely randomized design was employed, with three treatment groups (Control, ST1.5, and ST0.75), each tested in triplicate. Synthetic leather samples were plasticized with palm olein-based epoxy, and mechanical performance was assessed. As a benchmark, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB), a commonly used petroleum-based plasticizer, was included for comparison. The results demonstrated that palm olein-based epoxy significantly improved tear strength and vertical elongation, indicating its effectiveness as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based synthetic leather. After UV aging equivalent to 30 months, samples containing olein-based epoxy showed greater plasticizer migration than the control, but demonstrated higher final tear strength. Given its renewable origin and raw material availability, palm olein-based epoxy shows significant potential for further development as a sustainable alternative to conventional plasticizers
Development of an IoT-based Monitoring System for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Health in Paddy Fields
No full textThe agricultural sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane, due to anaerobic conditions in paddy soils. Effective monitoring of these emissions is critical for climate change mitigation and sustainable agricultural practices. This study developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for real-time monitoring of methane emissions and soil health. The system integrated advanced sensors: RS-CH4-X-2-EX for methane detection, CWT-BL-ORP-2K-S for redox potential measurement, and QC-S8 for soil chemical analysis. The design process focused on creating a user-friendly platform capable of providing continuous and accurate data. Field testing evaluated the system’s performance under flooded paddy field conditions. The RS-CH4-X-2-EX sensor demonstrated high precision (±2%) and rapid detection (<10 seconds), accurately capturing methane concentration dynamics. The CWT-BL-ORP-2K-S sensor effectively monitored redox potential with stable readings in anaerobic environments, while the QC-S8 sensor provided detailed information on soil moisture, nutrients, and pH levels, critical for precision agriculture. The sensors were seamlessly integrated into an IoT platform, allowing remote data access and real-time visualization, enhancing decision-making for sustainable farming. This system offers a cost-effective and scalable approach for monitoring GHG emissions and improving soil health, enabling more efficient resource use, increased productivity, and reduced environmental impacts
Strategies for Low-Carbon Agricultural Development Through Smart Farming of Chili Peppers
No full textThe increasing global demand for sustainable food production necessitates the adoption of low-carbon and efficient agricultural practices. This study explores the application of smart farming technologies to chili cultivation, particularly in Indonesia, a region where chili farming significantly contributes to the agricultural economy but faces challenges of resource inefficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Smart farming integrates Internet of Things (IoT) devices, automated irrigation, and precision agriculture to optimize water, fertilizer, and energy use, reducing the carbon footprint of chili production. The research, conducted through a systematic literature review, identifies strategies such as IoT-enabled soil moisture sensors, precision irrigation systems, and targeted fertilization techniques. These approaches collectively enhance resource efficiency and mitigate environmental impacts. When integrated with renewable energy solutions, such as solar-powered irrigation, these technologies further reduce reliance on fossil fuels, promoting both economic viability and environmental sustainability. Key findings reveal that precision agriculture not only mitigates GHG emissions but also improves crop resilience and profitability by reducing input costs and enhancing yields. The integration of renewable energy further aligns chili farming with Indonesia’s climate action goals, promoting a model for sustainable agricultural development. This study underscores the importance of adopting low-carbon smart farming practices to achieve greater agricultural resilience, food security, and environmental stewardship in the face of climate change
Amino Acids Profile of Coconut-based Traditional Fermented Food of Indonesia
No full textProtein-containing fermented foods are source of important amino acids. We studied amino acids profile of three coconut-based traditional fermented food originated from Central Java, namely “kethek”, “bungkil”, and dage tempeh. Samples were collected from traditional markets in Purwokerto (dage tempeh), and Gombong (kethek and bungkil). Samples were dried and powdered upon analysis. Results showed that the total of amino acids were 244.551 g/kg (kethek), 514.15 g/kg (bungkil), and 15.10 g/kg (dage tempeh). Highest concentration of essential amino acids in the products were phenylalanine (17.66 g/kg in kethek), histidine (6.46 g/kg in bungkil), and isoleucine (12.18 g/kg in dage tempeh). Bungkil and dage tempeh showed methionine as the lowest concentration of essential amino acids, 0.462 g/kg (bungkil), 0.696 g/kg (dage tempeh). While tryptophan and methionine in kethek were also in low concentration, 3544.7 and 3.628 g/kg, respectively. Based on the highest concentration of essential amino acids, the products showed good candidate for source of compounds related to neurotransmitters
Life Cycle Analysis of Snake Fruit Chips with Cradle-to-Gate Approach for Responsible Production and Consumption
No full textThe snake fruit chips industry generates significant environmental impacts due to fuel emissions and production waste. Food loss and waste occur at various stages, including processing, storage, and distribution. To address these challenges, this study proposes the integration of circular economy principles by repurposing snake fruit peel and seed by-products into powdered beverages, based on the follow-up scenario for by-product utilization. Environmental impacts were assessed using OpenLCA 2.0 software and the ReCiPe Midpoint 2016 method, focusing on categories such as global warming potential, stratospheric ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and human carcinogenic toxicity. For every 15.024 kg of raw material used, 1 kg of chips was produced, requiring a total energy input of 30.277 MJ/kg, of which 42.3% was electrical energy, 51.2% LPG, and 6.5% fuel. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results indicated that the production stage contributed most significantly to environmental impacts, with Global Warming Potential (GWP) as the dominant category. Implementing circular economy strategies not only reduces environmental harm but also enhances resource efficiency and promotes sustainable consumption and production practices within the snake fruit chips industry