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The Deforestation and Biodiversity Degradation in Jambi
No full textThe province of Jambi is facing serious pressure due to massive and uncontrolled deforestation, which has a direct impact on biodiversity degradation. Illegal activities such as illegal logging, land conversion for large-scale plantations, and mining expansion have caused damage to tropical forest ecosystems that serve as habitats for various endemic species. This study uses a normative legal approach by examining regulations related to forest and biodiversity protection, as well as analyzing weaknesses in the implementation of conservation policies in the field. The results of the study indicate that weak law enforcement, overlapping spatial regulations, and low local community participation are the main obstacles to environmental protection efforts. Preventive measures such as social forestry programs and permit moratoriums have not been able to significantly slow down deforestation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen forest governance based on ecological justice and the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights, as well as multisectoral collaboration in forest restoration and wildlife conservation. This study emphasizes the importance of environmental policy reform in Jambi to ensure ecological sustainability and biodiversity protection
Nyamplung Fruit Bioenergy as a Substitution for Fossil Fuels to Reduce Environmental Law Violations
No full textThis study discusses the problem of environmental law violations caused by illegal exploitation of fossil energy resources, which is still a major challenge in Indonesia. One potential alternative approach is the development of new renewable energy from the nyamplung plant (Calophyllum inophyllum), which naturally grows on marginal and coastal lands. This study aims to answer three main problem formulations: (1) Why is nyamplung fruit worthy of being used as a substitute for fossil fuels? (2) How is nyamplung relevant in reducing environmental law violations? (3) How to examine and facilitate the phenomenon of nyamplung growth as an innovative solution in the context of environmental law? The objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficiency of biodiesel production from nyamplung, examine its contribution to the environmental law system, and propose community-based intervention policies. The method used is library research and descriptive-qualitative analysis with an ecological legal approach. Data were obtained from international journals, national policies such as Law No. 32 of 2009 and Presidential Regulation No. 22 of 2017, and reports on research results on transesterification-based biodiesel technology using heterogeneous catalysts. The results show that nyamplung oil has a high oil content (65–75%) and can be processed into high-quality biodiesel that meets ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The production process that utilizes modern technology, such as microwave heating, can produce conversion efficiency of up to 98–99%. The use of nyamplung in the community has also been proven to be able to suppress environmental law violations by providing legal and sustainable energy pathways. The conclusion of this study is that nyamplung is a strategic alternative to replace fossil fuels that is not only superior in terms of technical and environmental aspects, but also has a strong driving force in enforcing environmental law based on ecological justice. Therefore, synergy is needed between the state, local communities, and the private sector in strengthening local plant-based energy policies such as nyamplung
Law Enforcement Against Illegal Logging as an Effort to Mitigate Climate Change: Case Study in the Mountain Ciremai Area
No full textThe environment is an essential and inseparable part of human life. Environmental degradation can also damage the habitats of surrounding flora and fauna, ultimately leading to extinction. Illegal logging causes both direct and indirect environmental damage. This study addresses two main research questions: how weak supervision and law enforcement regarding timber harvesting permit regulations contribute to the rise of illegal logging activities in the Mount Ciremai area, and how illegal logging laws are enforced in the region. This research employs a normative juridical method, which emphasizes legal norms and applicable regulations, as outlined in legislation relevant to the legal issues being studied. The study also involves interviews with the management of Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC). The purpose of this research is to examine how law enforcement in Kuningan Regency, particularly in the Mount Ciremai area, responds to environmental damage caused by unauthorized tree cutting or illegal logging. Despite various meetings and discussions held to address the issue, the proposed action plans often failed to resolve the root causes. The lack of evidence and supporting materials remains a major challenge for the TNGC management. Therefore, this article is expected to contribute to policy considerations at both the regional and national levels
Overcoming Land Burning in Kalimantan: Between Legal Policy, Government Synergy, and Community Involvement
No full textLand burning in Kalimantan is a serious environmental problem, especially during the dry season. Land burning in Kalimantan has become an annual issue that has serious impacts on the environment and public health. The impact of forest and land fires (karhutla) is also closely related to human rights violations, especially regarding the right to breathe safely and cleanly. Mitigation efforts require a comprehensive approach that includes strong law enforcement. Mitigation of forest and land fires (karhutla) requires an integrated approach that involves firm legal policies, synergy between government institutions, and active community participation. This article comprehensively discusses the applicable legal policy framework, synergy practices between government institutions, and the strategic role of the community in mitigating land fires, and provides recommendations for sustainable policies. The research was conducted through literature studies, regulatory analysis, and case studies of Central Kalimantan. The results show that integrated efforts involving all parties can significantly reduce the intensity of fires
Conversion of Mangrove Forests in the Mahakam Delta (East Kalimantan): Threats to Fisheries and Coastal Erosion
No full textThe conversion of mangrove forests in the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, has caused significant ecological and socio-economic impacts on local coastal communities. Mangrove ecosystems, which serve as critical habitats for marine biodiversity and natural coastal barriers, are increasingly being transformed into shrimp ponds, plantations, and development areas. These changes have led to declining fishery yields, increased coastal erosion, and the loss of natural resources that support local livelihoods. The problem is exacerbated by weak law enforcement, low public awareness, and conflicts between economic development and environmental conservation. Recommended mitigation efforts include science-based and community-driven mangrove restoration, local community empowerment, stronger land-use policies, and enhanced multi-stakeholder collaboration. This study highlights the urgent need for integrated and sustainable efforts to preserve mangrove forests as vital ecological and economic assets in Indonesia’s coastal regions
Legal Reconstruction of the Conversion of Production Forest Land into Plantations to Promote Sustainable Development Based on the Principles of Ecological Justice
No full textOne important issue that directly affects social justice and environmental sustainability in Indonesia is the conversion of production forests into plantations. Although the government has issued a number of regulations, including the Forestry Law and other regulations, forest management and conversion often tend to ignore the concepts of ecosystem balance, sustainability, and protection of community rights. Massive ecological damage, biodiversity loss, and protracted social disputes result from a lack of coordination between national and local regulations, weak law enforcement, and the dominance of business interests over environmental conservation. This study aims to re-establish a sustainable and equitable legal framework for the conversion of production forest land to plantations. By looking at the relevant laws, regulations, and conditions in the field, a normative and juridical-sociological approach was taken. The research findings show that in order to build forest governance that is equitable, participatory, and oriented toward long-term sustainability, to improve in the legal realm, Lawrence Freedman, states that it is necessary to improve the legal substance, institutional arrangement (legal structure), and the development of a community-based legal culture
The Concept of the Prohibition Against Corruption (LĀ TUFSIDU FĪ AL-ARd) in the Quran and its Implementation in Modern Environmental Regulations
No full textThe increasing severity of the global environmental crisis calls for holistic solutions, including those rooted in religious teachings. From the Islamic perspective, the Qur’an offers ecological values that emphasize the ethical relationship between humans and the environment. One of the key principles is the prohibition of spreading corruption on earth, expressed in the verse lā tufsidu fī al-ard. This study aims to analyze the meaning and contextual interpretation of this principle in the Qur’an and examine its relevance to contemporary environmental regulations, both nationally and internationally. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a normative-theological approach, supported by comparative legal analysis. The findings reveal that the lā tufsidu fī al-ard principle strongly resonates with modern environmental legal principles, such as the precautionary principle, intergenerational equity, and biodiversity preservation. The discussion highlights how Islamic environmental ethics can contribute to the legal and moral framework of environmental governance. Moreover, it demonstrates that Qur’anic values can complement and reinforce the goals of sustainable development by promoting responsibility, stewardship (khilāfah), and balance (mīzān) in environmental management. In conclusion, integrating Islamic ecological values into environmental law discourse can enrich efforts toward global environmental protection and offer a spiritual-ethical foundation for sustainability
Clusterization of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in the Management of Mining License: An Indonesian National Law Perspective
No full textThis study focuses on the management of mining license granted to MSMEs based on clustering. With the existence of MSME clustering as a strategic step to facilitate MSMEs in obtaining mining license, while encouraging economic equality and independence. In the perspective of Indonesian national law, this is regulated through the Mineral and Coal Law and its derivative regulations. This research was conducted using a normative legal approach method in the form of a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a case study approach. The data used were secondary data, collected through literature studies. Data analysis used a qualitative descriptive analysis method with inductive and reflective logic and the data were then described systematically according to the problems being studied. Based on the research, the main legal basis for regulating mining license is through Law Number 2 of 2025 concerning the Fourth Amendment to Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, and its derivative regulations are regulated in Government Regulation Number 96 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities, Government Regulation Number 25 of 2023 concerning Mining Areas, and Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM). The clustering of MSMEs in mining license is prioritized for MSMEs, cooperatives, and religious community organizations. The licensing mechanism must obtain a recommendation from the Ministry of MSMEs before submitting a mining license to the Ministry of ESDM. Furthermore, MSMEs will be verified by the Ministry of MSMEs and meet the requirements including business capital criteria, technical capabilities, and operational capacity. The clustering of MSMEs in managing mining license is an important policy in realizing equal access and economic benefits from the mining sector, as well as improving the welfare of people in mining areas
International Legal Framework in Creating Sustainable Natural Resource Management
No full textThis study aims to analyze the role of international law in sustainable natural resource management. In the era of globalization, natural resource management is not just the responsibility of each country but requires international cooperation to maintain the sustainability of the global ecosystem. Several international legal instruments, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the Paris Agreement, have regulated the use of natural resources in a more equitable and sustainable manner. However, major challenges arise from the imbalance of capacity between countries, excessive exploitation of natural resources, and weak international law enforcement mechanisms. This study identifies the role of international law in facilitating collaboration between countries and overcoming these obstacles, emphasizing the importance of strengthening oversight and accountability mechanisms. In conclusion, sustainable natural resource management requires legal innovation and more effective international cooperation to achieve global sustainability goals
Reconstruction of Tengger Customary Village Law Based on Social Perspective
No full textThis paper discusses the interaction between national law and customary law in the context of the Tengger indigenous community. The Tengger community has a unique system of values and norms, especially in the management of natural resources that are full of ecological communal values. This study uses a socio-legal approach to examine how state conservation policies, especially through Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems, often ignore the existence and local values of indigenous communities. The consequences of this policy include restrictions on community access to forest areas, changes in community economic orientation, and degradation of local cultural values that have been pillars of natural environmental protection. This study concludes the importance of implementing legal pluralism in the national legal system to avoid social conflict and support ecological sustainability based on local wisdom. By recognizing and accommodating customary law, especially in high conservation areas such as Tengger, the state not only preserves biodiversity, but also preserves cultural diversity that is an important part of national identity