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The Role of Criminal Law as Protection of Human Rights Against Environmental Crimes
No full textEnvironmental crimes not only damage ecosystems but also violate human rights (HAM), especially the right to a healthy environment. This article highlights how criminal law can be a tool for protecting human rights in the context of the climate crisis. Using a normative legal approach and case studies, this article discusses the effectiveness of criminal law in protecting the rights of communities, including indigenous peoples and future generations, from the impacts of environmental crimes. It is found that even though environmental criminal law is available, human rights protection through this mechanism is still weak due to an approach that emphasizes ecological losses rather than aspects of individual and collective rights. An approach is needed that places environmental rights as part of fundamental human rights. The policy of formulating criminal law in Indonesia to protect victims of environmental crimes in the future is to improve criminal sanctions and add sanctions such as restitution and compensation as part of the main crime. This is important to provide better protection to victims, especially in cases of environmental crimes by corporations. The addition of restitution and compensation sanctions is also regulated in environmental law, including the mechanisms and amounts of compensation. This concept must be regulated in implementing regulations to avoid uncertainty and harm to victims in implementation in the field
Legal Protection for Children Who Experience Psychological, Emotional, and Moral Abuse in Society
No full textThis research examines the framework of legal protection for children who are victims of psychological, emotional, and moral abuse in society. While physical and sexual abuse often receive the most public and legal attention, these non-physical forms of abuse have damaging and often invisible impacts that can fundamentally hinder a child’s development. This study analyzes existing legal instruments, both international and national, to identify the extent of available legal protection and the challenges in its enforcement. Theoretically, legal protection against non-physical abuse of children is rooted in the principles of child human rights, recognized in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and child protection laws in many countries. However, this research finds that legal implementation on the ground faces several significant challenges. These challenges include: 1) Lack of clear definitions: Psychological, emotional, and moral abuse are often difficult to define legally, making them challenging to prove in court. 2) Invisible nature: Non-physical forms of abuse leave no physical marks, which complicates evidence gathering and often leads to cases not being taken seriously. 3) Challenges in proving cases: The subjective nature of non-physical abuse makes proof complex, as it often relies on the testimony of a vulnerable child or indirect evidence. 4) Lack of awareness: There is a lack of awareness among the public, law enforcement officials, and even parents about the dangers of non-physical abuse to children. This study concludes that effective legal protection for children who are victims of non-physical abuse requires a multidisciplinary approach. It is crucial to enact legal reforms to provide clearer definitions and stronger sanctions, enhance training for law enforcement officials, and build robust psychological and social support systems for children. Additionally, public awareness campaigns are needed to change perceptions and encourage society to be more sensitive to these hidden forms of abuse, ensuring every child can grow up in a safe and supportive environment
The Application of Affidavits in Bankruptcy Proceedings: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore
No full textIn bankruptcy cases, affidavits are commonly used as written evidence that is both effective and efficient for simple evidentiary procedures before the court. In countries adhering to the civil law system, such as Indonesia, affidavits are implicitly regulated under Article 1866 of the Civil Code (KUH Perdata) and Article 164 of the HIR/Article 284 of the RBg, classified as written evidence in the form of documents. On the contrary, in countries with common law systems, such as Malaysia and Singapore, the application of affidavits as evidence in bankruptcy cases differs significantly. This study aims to examine the application of affidavits in bankruptcy cases across several countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. It employs normative legal research methods by analyzing legal documents within the context of bankruptcy law. The study utilizes statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, relying on secondary data collected through library research encompassing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings of this study indicate that in Indonesia, affidavits cannot be classified as authentic deeds and do not possess the characteristics of conclusive evidence, thus they cannot be equated with witness testimonies. However, affidavits can be used as ordinary written evidence to support other evidence, assisting judges in efficiently resolving bankruptcy cases within a limited examination period. In contrast, in Malaysia and Singapore, affidavits in bankruptcy cases are generally used as authentic deeds, sworn before a commissioner for oaths or notary public, and are required to be submitted as evidence by both creditors and debtors in court proceedings. Thus, the distinction between common law and civil law systems in the application of affidavits is clearly lied at their level as a tool of evidence in bankruptcy proceedings
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Spine: A Case Series
No full textBackgroundAneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) of the spine are rare, benign, yet locally aggressive vascular lesions that predominantly affect children and young adults. Despite their benign nature, these tumors can cause neurological deficits, spinal instability, and significant intraoperative bleeding, presenting substantial management challenges.
ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes of spinal ABCs in a single-center case series.
MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on six patients with histologically confirmed spinal ABCs treated surgically between January 2022 and December 2023. Lesion characteristics, imaging findings, neurological status (ASIA score), surgical technique, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. All patients underwent total tumor resection with spinal fusion. One case required a staged anterior–posterior approach due to tumor size and vertebral artery involvement; the remaining cases were treated via a posterior-only approach.
ResultsThe cohort consisted of three males and three females (mean age: 15.8 years). Lesions were located in the lumbar (50%), cervical (40%), and thoracic (10%) regions. Two patients (33%) presented with neurological deficits. All achieved full neurological recovery postoperatively (ASIA E). Preoperative embolization was performed in one patient and was associated with the lowest intraoperative blood loss. Two minor postoperative complications occurred but were managed successfully. No local tumor recurrence was observed during a minimum follow-up of 12 months.
ConclusionSurgical resection with spinal stabilization is an effective treatment for spinal ABCs, offering excellent neurological outcomes and low recurrence risk. Despite its limited sample size, this series underscores the importance of individualized surgical planning, histopathological confirmation, and multidisciplinary coordination, particularly in anatomically complex or high-risk cases
Atopic Dermatitis as a Prognostic Factor in Younger Patients with Pyogenic Spondylitis
No full textObjectivePyogenic spondylitis is becoming more common due to population aging and increases in treatment-related bacterial infection. Additionally, improved access to magnetic resonance imaging has led to the identification of more cases of pyogenic spondylitis. However, pyogenic spondylitis can also occur in relatively young people. In this study, we compared background factors and the course of treatment between younger and older patients.
MethodsA retrospective review of our hospital database identified 35 consecutive cases of pyogenic spondylitis treated between 2019 and 2024. After eight exclusions, 27 patients were selected. Outcomes were compared between patients younger than 65 years (n=9) and those aged 65 years or older (n=18).
ResultsThere was no significant difference in sex, site of the lesion, or presence or absence of a causative bacterium according to age group. Atopic dermatitis was significantly more common in younger patients (n=5, 56% vs. n=0, 0%, p=0.007), while diabetes mellitus or prior bacterial infection was less common (n=3, 33% vs. n=16, 83%, p=0.003). Surgery was more common in younger patients (n=5, 56% vs n=6, 33%), as was discharge to home (n=8, 89% vs. n=6, 33%, p=0.01).
ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus and prior bacterial infection, which are known risk factors for pyogenic spondylitis, were less common in younger patients. Furthermore, atopic dermatitis was more common in younger patients. Owing to the breakdown of the skin barrier, atopic dermatitis is known to cause not only skin-limited infections but also bacteremia-associated conditions such as infective endocarditis and pyogenic arthritis. Our finding that younger patients are more likely to be discharged home highlights the importance of appropriate treatment
Awareness of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Lifestyle Behavior Among Medical Students: A Survey Study from the United Arab Emirates
No full textIntroduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) poses a significant challenge in contemporary medicine, with its prevalence on the rise despite limited understanding and awareness.
Objectives: This study seeks to assess undergraduate medical students’ awareness of PCOS and investigate lifestyle behaviors among female students that may be linked to the condition.
Methods: A 5-month cross-sectional survey study was carried out with undergraduate medical students at Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Science University. Participants completed an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire covering demographics, PCOS awareness, and lifestyle factors.
Results: The findings indicate that 66.0% of medical students had a low-to-moderate level of awareness about PCOS, with a mean score of 16±7.8 out of 30. Female participants showed significantly higher mean scores of awareness in all categories (P<001). Less than one-third (30.1%) of students were unaware of menstrual cycle irregularities, while 32.2% did not recognize hormonal imbalance as a risk factor. More than half (55.4%) were unaware of endometrial cancer as a potential complication, and 51.5% did not recognize the psychological ramifications of binge eating disorder. Almost one-third (33.5%) of students were unaware of the role of regular exercise in PCOS prevention. Regarding lifestyle behaviors, 70.7% of females reported regular consumption of junk food, while 56.1% engaged in regular exercise. There was no association between lifestyle behaviors and level of awareness (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The study identified gaps in knowledge regarding PCOS among undergraduate medical students, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and education. Lifestyle behavior modifications, including dietary habits and stress management, are essential for enhancing understanding and promoting preventive strategies among medical students
The Language of Quraysh in the Holy Quran
No full textThis research is distinguished by three important aspects:
First, it is the first academic research study that compiles and documents the language of Quraysh in the Holy Quran after it had been scattered throughout the great books of Quranic meanings and the languages of the Arabs in the Quran. There has been no scholar who had previously gathered the words of Quraysh into a single work, studied them, and explained their meanings and implications.
Second, the research has proven that the words of Quraysh mentioned in the Holy Quran are more numerous than the specific words of other Arab tribes that have appeared in the Quran. After counting the words of Quraysh found in the Quranic meanings and languages, as well as in the early works of grammar, language, and Quranic readings from the third and fourth centuries AH, particularly the meanings of the Quran by Qatrub (d. 206 AH), the meanings of the Quran by Al-Farra’ (d. 207 AH), the book on the languages of the Quran by Al-Farra’ as well, the languages of tribes mentioned in the Quran attributed to Imam Abu Ubaid Al-Qasim ibn Salam (d. 224 AH), the meanings of the Quran by Al-Nahhas (d. 338 AH), and the book of languages in the Quran by Ibn Hasnun (d. 386 AH) with its chain of narration to Ibn Abbas,it was found that there are only 125 terms.
Third, the language of Quraysh is similar to that of other Arabic dialects that have words mentioned in the Quran. After demonstrating that early scholars specified what was stated in the language of Quraysh just as they did for other Arabic dialects, which together do not exceed a few hundred words, it shows that these words constitute a very small percentage compared to the total vocabulary of the Holy Quran, which exceeds 77,000 words. Most of these words are not attributed to a specific tribe, indicating that the Holy Quran, in general, was revealed in the common language of the Arabs that encompasses all Arabic dialects. It would be a misrepresentation of the Arabic language, in which the Quran was revealed, to attribute the language of the Holy Quran to any specific tribe.
The enumeration of words is limited to those that the early scholars stated were in the language of Quraysh, whether or not other tribes shared them. The reader may notice the repetition of the phrase “in the language of Quraysh” for each term listed, as the study aimed to affirm to the reader that this is what early scholars asserted. They mentioned the term and stated that it came in the language of Quraysh. This repetition strengthens and confirms the purpose of the research and its findings.
The study is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the words mentioned in the Holy Quran in the languages of the Arab tribes. The second section addresses the language of Quraysh or its terms found in the Holy Quran, presenting the verses in which Quraysh terms were mentioned according to the sequence of the surahs in the Quran
Methodology of Imam Kamal al-Din Ibn Abi Sharif (d. 906 AH) in the Usulic Questions (al-Fanqalat) in His Book “al-Durr al-Lawami” in the Commentary on “Jam’ al-Jawami” by Imam al-Sabki
No full text“This research aims to clarify the methodology of Imam Kamal al-Din Ibn Abi Sharif – in addressing the foundational questions (fanqalat) Imam Ibn Abi Sharif – distinguished himself in the field of knowledge, He engaged in teaching and authored the book “al-Durr al-Lawami” as a commentary on “Jam’ al-Jawami”, which is a commentary on “al-Badr al-Tali’” by Imam al-Sabki. This work is one of the most prominent foundational texts authored by the Imam, as he noticed that some of the phrases in the commentary of al-Mahalli needed further clarification and refinement I began my study by examining the biographies of the scholars: Imam al-Sabki, al-Mahalli, and al-Kamal – I then explored the significance of the books “Jam’ al-Jawami”, “al-Badr al-Tali’”, and “al-Durr al-Lawami”, along with the methodology of their authorship. Following this, I defined the key terms of the research: methodology and foundational questions (fanqalat). Next, I examined the origins and reasons for the emergence of these questions, listed the various types of questions found in the author’s work, and provided examples for each type of question presented in the book. Finally, I reviewed the methodology Imam Ibn Abi Sharif followed in addressing these questions, analyzed their number, and concluded the research with a summary of the main findings, recommendations, sources, and references
The Expressive Depiction of Eye Movement Between the Source Language and the Target Language: An Analytical Study of Gholamali Haddad Adel’s Translation of the Meanings of the Quran into Persian
No full textTranslation occupies a broad domain within the world of studies and research, offering numerous avenues to delve into various sciences and specializations. A translator can gain extensive and accessible knowledge, benefiting from the insights and secrets embedded within these sciences. This enables researchers to both acquire and disseminate knowledge, whether through detailed or concise translations. For this reason, I chose to examine the translation of the meanings of the Quran into Persian to explore its nuances and evaluate its quality using an inductive and analytical methodology. This approach allows researchers to achieve their objectives effectively. The study comprises three chapters. The first chapter is titled Eye Movement, the second addresses vision and its connotations, and the third focuses on gaze and its implications. The research involved selecting Quranic verses that discuss eye movement in its various connotations. After examining the interpretation of these verses across different exegeses and selecting relevant materials, the translations were analyzed to assess their accuracy. This analysis focused on choosing suitable terms that align with the lexical and contextual meanings in the Quranic text. Key considerations included verbs and their compatibility with the tense and meaning intended in the verse, as well as nouns and whether they match the intended meaning, connotation, and purpose in the original text. This approach was applied consistently across all three chapters. The study concludes by presenting findings on the adequacy and accuracy of the translations
The Role of Self-Compassion Towards Parenting Stress in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textParenting children with special needs, like those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), poses challenges and often increases parenting stress, mainly because these children require remarkable attention to optimize their daily activities. Parents who develop self-compassion tend to be better at optimizing their function as a family and can better accept their child’s condition. This study aims to examine the influence of self-compassion on the level of parenting stress in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Self-compassion is expected to reduce the level of stress experienced by parents in caring for children with ASD. This study uses a quantitative method with 34 parents who have or care for children with ASD. Self-compassion is measured using an adapted version of the original scale developed by Kristin Neff and parenting stress is measured using the Parenting Stress Scale (PSS). The data was analysed using linear regression with JASP ( Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program). The results of the study showed a significant negative relationship between self-compassion and parenting stress in parents who have children with ASD, with an influence of 0.843 on changes in parenting stress. Therefore, it concluded that the result of the linear regression test indicates that self-compassion significantly affects the level of stress in parenting