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Limitations in Vitamin D Reference Values: Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Their Relation to Glycemic Control in Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
No full textStylistic Stimuli in the Poetry of Ibn Hisham Al-Qurtubi
No full textLiterary texts contain elements that achieve artistic creativity and beauty in them, and each poet has his own methods that enable him to astonish the recipient with influential protrusions that he creates within the poetic context. Scholars call them stylistic stimuli. Many such stylistic stimuli are found in the poetry of Ibn Hisham al-Qurtubi that distinguish his poetry and attract the recipient. To know the semantic and rhetorical dimensions in his poems, these stimuli are represented by interrogative, advancement and delay, conditional, calligraphy, quotation, and inclusion
Fragmentation of Legal Texts and its Impact on Reducing the Correct Meaning
No full textThis research aims to show the real function of semantics and their effect in deducing meanings from texts. The origin of texts is semantic integration between them, and each text is complementary to the other, to reach the correct acceptable meaning. It is a process of linking obtained through multiple perspectives in which the meanings of the texts are combined together to be one product. This matter saves the texts from opposition and conflict between them. This appears clearly from following the methods of inference and deduction and the controls of understanding the texts, as they all urge the mujtahid and the reader of the legal texts to link between them and not to extract from the texts a meaning that suits him, because in that there is potential to distort the text
The Poetics of Contrast Between Western and Arab Thought
No full textResearchers in literary circles frequently use the term ”poeticism”due to the ambiguity that often surrounds literary texts. This term clarifies the obscurities by offering explanation and reveals the underlying elements through the application of theory, analysis, and commentary.
This paper presented to your academic conference aims to investigate the use of poetic contradiction on poetry, examining the impact of oppositions on poetry and identifying its effects through practical application. Early scholars paid significant attention to the poetry that dominated the scene at the time, starting with Ibn Salam and Al -Jahedh up to the closest terms to the modern poetic theory such as Abd al Qahir al-Jurjani ’s theory of of composition and Hazim al-qartaganni’s poetic theory.
In the twentieth century, with the emergence of structuralist thought in its formal phase, poetic methodology also appeared as a modern approach, referred to by various names, such as poeticism, aesthetics, and stylistics. It evolved into a scientific subject at the hands of the critic Roman Jakobson, who defined its scientific nature as stemming from linguistic structures, making it central to his position on poetry. It was also associated with the French philosopher Todorov.
However, in modern poetics, Kamal Abu Deeb is considered at the forefront of Arab critics. He discussed it in terms of relationality and totality, while Abdullah Al-Ghadhami refers to it as ”poetic.”Among the prominent contemporary theorists is Adonis, who argues that meter cannot be considered a sufficient criterion for distinguishing between poetry and prose.
The study aims to understand binary oppositions and highlight their significance in uncovering creativity and artistic beauty. Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani emphasized the importance of antithesis and its role in shaping the artistic image. The credit for the emergence of the concept of opposition is attributed to the linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, and critics have relied on the contributions of Western thought.
Then, the concept of the poetics of contrast is introduced, highlighting its reliance on the creative text in its composition. Embracing the essence of poetics while ignorance becomes a rein on creativity and excitement makes the recipient more captivated by it
A Rare Condition in the Differential Diagnosis of Arthritis, Preiser’s Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
No full textChronic wrist pain is a common clinical condition that negatively affects daily activities. Many diseases are involved in the etiology of chronic wrist pain. Identification of specific causes of pain increases treatment success and prevents disability. Detailed evaluation and necessary imaging methods for differential diagnosis of multiple clinical entities with similar history and examination findings are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment success. Avascular necrosis is a progressive disorder resulting in partial or complete death of bone tissue cells due to impaired blood circulation of the bone, usually caused by nontraumatic or idiopathic etiology. Preiser’s disease, avascular necrosis of the carpal scaphoid, is a rare disorder generally occurring on the dominant side and in women. This case report presents an uncommon disease that should be considered in the differential diagnosis while searching for the etiologic cause of chronic wrist pain
Sudan Medical Specialization Board Amidst Challenges
No full textEstablished in 1995, the Sudan Medical Specialization Board (SMSB) has long served as the cornerstone for postgraduate professional medical education in Sudan. However, the 2023 conflict presented unprecedented challenges to SMSB’s operations, disrupting training, examinations, and administrative functions. This editorial highlights the Board’s historical evolution, the strategies adopted to maintain operations during the conflict, and its forward-looking vision for recovery and resilience in post-conflict Sudan
The restorative effect of platelet-rich plasma on estrous cycle disruption induced by arcuate nucleus lesion in female Wistar rats: An experimental study
No full textBackground: Successful reproduction relies on a functioning hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis. Damage to this axis disrupts the estrus cycle and reproductive capability.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of single or multiple platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections on repairing the damaged hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and restoring the estrus cycle in Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: 90 female Wistar rats (2–3 months old, 250–280 gr) with regular estrous cycles were divided into a control group and 8 experimental groups (n = 10/each). After bilateral stereotaxic chemical surgery of the ARC using quinolinic acid (500 nmol/2 μl), the experimental rats were categorized into several treatment regimens: ARC− (no treatment), 1 PRP injection (immediately, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr postsurgery), 2 PRP injections (immediately, 24 hr), 3 PRP injections (immediately, 24 hr, and 48 hr), and 4 PRP injections (immediately, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr). Vaginal smear cytology was performed daily for 2.5 months. In the end, rats brains were removed and divided for real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin, as well as for ARC cell counting. Results: Vaginal smear cytology indicated that PRP administration gradually restored the estrous cycle. Compared to the ARC− group, PRP treatment significantly increased ARC cell density (p = 0.012) and mRNA levels of kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: These findings not only emphasized the importance of the ARC for the regularity of estrous cycle but also showed the potential effects of local PRP treatment in contribution to the protection/reconstruction of ARC
Association Mechanisms Between Periodontal Diseases and Systemic Pathology
No full textPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a dysbiotic oral microbiome and an altered immune response. It affects approximately 10% of the adult population and is one of the leading causes of tooth loss. Beyond its local consequences, periodontitis is closely associated with systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, pneumonia, pregnancy complications, and COVID-19. The main mechanisms underlying this relationship include chronic systemic inflammation, the spread of bacteria and their toxins through the bloodstream, and the activation of immune cells capable of exacerbating inflammation in other organs. For instance, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, endotoxemia, and autoimmune reactions. Further clinical studies are required to establish a causal relationship and develop effective treatment strategies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may facilitate the development of interdisciplinary approaches to the prevention and treatment of both periodontitis and related systemic diseases
Comprehensive Analysis of Six Biomarkers Expression in Early-stage Breast Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study
No full textIntroduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with variable molecular profiles. This study aims to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), phosphatidylinositol-4,5- bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and antigen Kiel 67 (Ki-67) in early-stage breast cancer and their associations with clinicopathological features.
Methods: Tissue samples from 93 early diagnosed breast cancer patients, attending Al- Andalus Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, from February 2022 to April 2023, were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Expression patterns of the six biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2, PIK3CA, IL-8, and Ki-67) were correlated with tumor grade, histological type, tumor size, and lymph node involvement. Statistical analyses included chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests as well as various correlation coefficients (Pearson, Spearman, and phi).
Results: ER and PR positivity were inversely associated with tumor grade, while HER2, PIK3CA, and Ki-67 showed positive correlations. In addition, invasive ductal carcinomas mainly expressed ER+/PR+ profiles, while invasive lobular carcinomas showed higher rates of HER2 positivity compared to ductal carcinomas. Furthermore, increasing tumor size and higher degrees of lymph node involvement were positively correlated with increased expression of HER2, PIK3CA, and Ki-67. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was observed between IL-8 and Ki-67 expressions.
Discussion: The study reported distinct molecular profiles associated with various clinicopathological features. In particular, well-differentiated tumors predominantly displayed hormone receptor-positive subtypes, while poorly differentiated tumors showed more aggressive molecular profiles. The findings confirm the complex relationship between some biomarkers and tumor characteristics.
Conclusion: The current study’s analysis gives information about the molecular shape of early-stage breast cancer. The reported associations between biomarker expression and clinicopathological features may add to improved prognostic assessment and treatment strategies for breast cancer patients
Incidence of Post-cesarean Section Wound Infections in Emergency and Elective Cases at a Tertiary Healthcare Center in Egypt
No full textIntroduction: Infections at the site of a cesarean section (CS) can lead to longer hospital stays, increased medical costs, and a range of other health complications, including higher mortality rates. For women who experience postoperative wound infections, the recovery process after a cesarean delivery becomes significantly more challenging.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative wound infections between emergency and elective cesarean cases at a tertiary healthcare center in Egypt.
Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 220 patients who underwent either elective or emergency CSs. The patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent emergency CSs and those who underwent elective CSs. Each patient was monitored for 8 weeks post-surgery, with regular wound inspections. An audit form was used to document the occurrence of both minor and major wound infections to track infection rates.
Results: Surgical site infections (SSIs) were identified in 28 patients. Of these, 13 patients (11.82%) were in the emergency CS group, and 15 patients (13.64%) were in the elective CS group. The difference in infection rates between the two groups was not statistically significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified rural residence, hypertension, membrane rupture, general anesthesia, blood loss ≥500 ml, and low postoperative hemoglobin levels as significant independent predictors for the incidence of SSIs (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The study identified significant independent predictors of postoperative SSIs following CSs, including rural residence, hypertension, membrane rupture, general anesthesia, blood loss ≥500 ml, and low postoperative hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, no significant difference in the risk of SSI was observed between emergency and elective CSs