Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna
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U podstaw myśli etycznej Leszka Kołakowskiego
Full text linkThe article discusses primary matters of Leszek Kołakowski’s ethical thought. For that purpose, the analysis focuses on the need to justify the content of natural law. Kołakowski maintains that the development of communication and growth of cities are foundations of the justification process. In line with this idea the intuition of evil (related with such terms like tabu, sacrum, profanum or sin) is the major determinant for the distinction between good and evil. Kołakowski’s theory also explores a connection between the experience of evil and human dignity.The article discusses primary matters of Leszek Kołakowski’s ethical thought. For that purpose, the analysis focuses on the need to justify the content of natural law. Kołakowski maintains that the development of communication and growth of cities are foundations of the justification process. In line with this idea the intuition of evil (related with such terms like tabu, sacrum, profanum or sin) is the major determinant for the distinction between good and evil. Kołakowski’s theory also explores a connection between the experience of evil and human dignity
Challenges of participatory-deliberative governance in the era of social media digitalisation
Full text linkQuestion of public involvement in urban development processes grows to be among the major contemporary issues of new urban governance. Local powers, traditionally based on the elected bodies (the council and the mayor) is recently being challenged by growing, often unstructured and informal urban movements. New powers have been renegotiating supremacy relations, often using social media and digital tools. The same time digital tools are used by municipalities to expand public participation. Direct participation in urban management evolve to be a basic civic right, but it is seldom correlated with responsibilities and consequences of common, especially digital, decisions. New apps and programs create many opportunities for public participation, but social media often lack broader consideration, compromise and conciliation. Simplistic digital participation can be easily fuelled by internet ignorance, expertise relativism or ‘balanced routine’
(Nie)Koherencja sankcji penalnych. Prezentacja wyników badań empirycznych
Full text linkThe incoherence in judicial punishments, if it exists, may be considered as a form of injustice. The legal system in which the similarly situated cases are not treated similarly may be criticized especially from the point of view of the public understanding the justice idea. The conception of incommensurability of values has a substantial impact on the law application process. Because the judges typically assess cases in isolation, there is no common measure to evaluate the cases and the human way of thinking is category-bounded the judges are susceptible to producing incoherent patterns. However it is believed that if the risk of incoherence is brought to judicial attention, the judges might well be likely to do better, on this count, than non-lawyers (Cass Sunstein, Daniel Kahneman, David Schkade, Ilana Ritov 2001). The article presents an empirical analyses carried out on the judgements that were performed by the unselected group of judges in one of the district courts in Lodz.The incoherence in judicial punishments, if it exists, may be considered as a form of injustice. The legal system in which the similarly situated cases are not treated similarly may be criticized especially from the point of view of the public understanding the justice idea. The conception of incommensurability of values has a substantial impact on the law application process. Because the judges typically assess cases in isolation, there is no common measure to evaluate the cases and the human way of thinking is category-bounded the judges are susceptible to producing incoherent patterns. However it is believed that if the risk of incoherence is brought to judicial attention, the judges might well be likely to do better, on this count, than non-lawyers (Cass Sunstein, Daniel Kahneman, David Schkade, Ilana Ritov 2001). The article presents an empirical analyses carried out on the judgements that were performed by the unselected group of judges in one of the district courts in Lodz
Trzy tezy o sędziach społecznych i ich udziale w sprawowaniu wymiaru sprawiedliwości w Polsce
Full text linkIn the article author states and justifies three theses on the lay judges and their participation in the exercise of justice in Poland. First thesis claims that the statement about the lack of integration in the community of lay judges in Poland is not true any longer and it is possible to observe the beginning of a proces of its integration and cooperation connected with the recent establishment and activity of the Association National Council of Lay Judges. The second thesis states, that it is necessary to broaden the participation of citizens in the exercise of justice as a remedy for a low level of legitimacy and credibility of the judiciary. According to the third thesis Poland is presently in need of a widespread public debate concerning the reform of the institution of lay judges which should lead to a real fulfilment of the constitutional right of citizens to participate in the exercise of justice.In the article author states and justifies three theses on the lay judges and their participation in the exercise of justice in Poland. First thesis claims that the statement about the lack of integration in the community of lay judges in Poland is not true any longer and it is possible to observe the beginning of a process of its integration and cooperation connected with the recent establishment and activity of the Association National Council of Lay Judges. The second thesis states, that it is necessary to broaden the participation of citizens in the exercise of justice as a remedy for a low level of legitimacy and credibility of the judiciary. According to the third thesis Poland is presently in need of a widespread public debate concerning the reform of the institution of lay judges which should lead to a real fulfilment of the constitutional right of citizens to participate in the exercise of justice
Psychologiczne aspekty stosowania instytucji nadzwyczajnego obostrzenia ustawowego zagrożenia wobec sprawcy na gruncie art.178 § 1 K
Full text linkThe pages of this publication attempt to take into account various factors that may affect the state of inebriation or intoxication of man. States depriving individual impact on their own action were also presented in the field of drug use high-grade products, as well as the capacity reduction that recognise the importance of the act or direct proceedings under their influence was predicted. Stressors were classified according to their severity in relation to the issue of the article. Mental disorders were listed that appear in response to a traumatic event. Symptoms of acute stress and its relationship with the person’s behaviour were shown. It highlighted the doubts that arise on particular issues. The possibility of settlement was signalled. At the conclusions, explored issues were summarized.The pages of this publication attempt to take into account various factors that may affect the state of inebriation or intoxication of man. States depriving individual impact on their own action were also presented in the field of drug use high-grade products, as well as the capacity reduction that recognise the importance of the act or direct proceedings under their influence was predicted. Stressors were classified according to their severity in relation to the issue of the article. Mental disorders were listed that appear in response to a traumatic event. Symptoms of acute stress and its relationship with the person’s behaviour were shown. It highlighted the doubts that arise on particular issues. The possibility of settlement was signalled. At the conclusions, explored issues were summarized
Kształtowanie umiejętności wnioskowania sylogistycznego
Full text linkThe article consists of two parts. In the first part the author presents the characteristics of syllogistic reasoning, in the second part describes a set of exercises that are useful in teaching and developing the skill of syllogistic reasoning. The exercises belong to the teaching tools called interactive teaching methods and are of varying level of difficulty.The article consists of two parts. In the first part the author presents the characteristics of syllogistic reasoning, in the second part describes a set of exercises that are useful in teaching and developing the skill of syllogistic reasoning. The exercises belong to the teaching tools called interactive teaching methods and are of varying level of difficulty
Critics of Human Rights from a Historical Perspective
Full text linkImplementation of human rights is often criticized because it is perceived as being imposed on the rest of the world. In this case, human rights start to be seen as a sole abstraction, an empty word. What are the theoretical arguments of these critics and can we determine any historical grounds for them? In this paper, I will try to point at similar critics after the French Revolution – like that of the Historical School and Hegel – and try to show if some of these critics are still relevant. And I will compare these critics with contemporary arguments of cultural relativists. There are different streams and categorizations of human rights theories in today’s world. What differentiates them is basically the source of the human rights. After the French Revolution, the historical school had criticized the individuation and Hegel had criticized the formal freedom which was, according to him, a consequence of the Revolution. In this context Hegel drew a distinction between real freedom and formal freedom. Besides the theory of sources, the theories of implementation such as human rights as a model of learning, human rights as a result of an historical process are worth attention. The crucial point is about integrating human rights as an inner process and not to use them as a tool for intervention in other countries, which we observe in today’s world. And this is the exact point why I find the discussion of the sources more important. This discussion can help us to show how the inner evaluation of a society makes the realization of human rights possible and how we can avoid the above mentioned abstraction and misuse
Fenomenologia – wprowadzenie w lekturę tekstu Edmunda Husserla „Phänomenologie (Der Encyclopaedia Britannica Artikel)”
Full text linkThe article presents in the synthetic way the major assumptions of phenomenology as the philosophical movement. The author has delineated two tasks. Firstly, introduction to the major issues of phenomenology and underlining important origins of phenomenology, i.e. Edmund Husserl’s work – Logical Investigations. Secondly, introduction to the reading of an important text (unpublished in Polish by now) that describes the basic foundations of this phenomenological movement, which have been developed by its creator.The article presents in the synthetic way the major assumptions of phenomenology as the philosophical movement. The author has delineated two tasks. Firstly, introduction to the major issues of phenomenology and underlining important origins of phenomenology, i.e. Edmund Husserl’s work – Logical Investigations. Secondly, introduction to the reading of an important text (unpublished in Polish by now) that describes the basic foundations of this phenomenological movement, which have been developed by its creator
Wykorzystanie teatru w edukacji etycznej
Full text linkIt is difficult to find tools useful for effective teaching ethics focused on persons from disadvantaged groups, which have conflict with the law. Traditional lecture seems to be a boring talk. Theatre can be a more favourable method. An article describes the idea of functioning of the Theatre of Moral Anxiety, founded by author of the article. Actors in this theatre, ‘angry young man’, carry out spectacles based on scripts written explicitly for them, often related to their biographies. Young man recognize and break their own limitations, learn how to cooperate and reveal the world their better human face: sensitivity and involvement. Author shows, that theatre can be wonderful tool of ethical education, raising self-esteem and self-confidence of persons participating in a performance.It is difficult to find tools useful for effective teaching ethics focused on persons from disadvantaged groups, which have conflict with the law. Traditional lecture seems to be a boring talk. Theatre can be a more favourable method. An article describes the idea of functioning of the Theatre of Moral Anxiety, founded by author of the article. Actors in this theatre, ‘angry young man’, carry out spectacles based on scripts written explicitly for them, often related to their biographies. Young man recognize and break their own limitations, learn how to cooperate and reveal the world their better human face: sensitivity and involvement. Author shows, that theatre can be wonderful tool of ethical education, raising self-esteem and self-confidence of persons participating in a performance